17 main attractions of Orenburg with photographs

Orenburg is one of the cities located on the border of Europe and Asia. Its construction was necessary to open and control roads to Asia.

The location of the fortress city was chosen three times. They even said about this city that it was conceived three times and born once. Finally, in 1743, the Orenburg expedition led by the economist and geographer V.N. Tatishchev , representative of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences P.I. Rychkalov and Admiral I.I. Neplyueva founded the city on Red Mountain near the confluence of the Yaik River and the Sakmara River . But its name was given from the Or River , with which the first construction site of the city was connected.

Before we set off to explore the city, we need to go to the Orenburg tourist information center . It is located on Sovetskaya Street 27. The 8 best objects for excursion are indicated there and interesting information about them is given. When visiting these attractions, put elegant stamps in your passport! Vladimir Bobrov worked on them . All the stamps turned out completely different! If you fill out your passport completely, you can receive a gift at the tourist information center! And at the end of the trip you will understand that the passport is the traveler’s real trophy!

What 17 attractions of Orenburg would be interesting to visit in one day?

Cable car

In 2006, a cable car was opened Orenburg , which makes it possible to travel from Europe to Asia . Its length is 233 meters. Passengers travel in cozy translucent cabins. This project even took the status of “The most comfortable cable car in Russia” . The speed of your movement through the air will be 3 m/s, so during the flight passengers have time to take pictures of the river, bridge and embankment from a height of 70 meters.

↑ 1. Pedestrian bridge Europe-Asia

Orenburg pedestrian bridge across the river. The Urals became a symbol not only of the city, but also of the connection between Europe and Asia. On the bridge stands the “Europe-Asia” stele - a sign of the dividing line of the Eurasian continent. True, the division is very conditional, since since 1959 the International Geographical Union has drawn the border between Europe and Asia along the river. Emba and the Ural Mountains, Mugodzhar.

On the European side of the bridge there is a cable car and an observation deck. On the Asian coast there is the Transural Grove recreation park. At night, the embankment and bridge are illuminated. A modern metal suspension bridge, 220 meters long and weighing about 900 tons, was erected across the Urals only in 1982 on the site of previous temporary pile and floating bridges. And the very first wooden bridge in Orenburg was built back in 1835. The writer Vladimir Dal, who then lived in Orenburg, participated in its design.

Toy railway

It just seems like the little train and fairytale stations are made for children. In Orenburg, the Children's Railway is the most adult attraction! The road was built not only for skiing, but also to transport parents to country health camps. The railway line runs along the Ural River . Very picturesque landscapes alternate with brightly decorated stations. I recommend everyone to take a ride, not just tourists with children.

Museum of Orenburg History

The Orenburg History Museum is located next to the cable car . It is easy to see as the building resembles a castle. The tower and the clock on it look especially impressive. It was built in 1856 to house the city treasury and archives. Later his purpose changes. Until 1974, the building housed a guardhouse. The museum examines a variety of topics from the life of the city from its construction to the present day.

But the most interesting room tells about the life of A.S. Pushkin in Orenburg . He became the first researcher on the topic of the Pugachev movement and the Peasant War of 1773-1775 . For this, the poet comes to the Southern Urals . He visited nearby villages and talked with those who witnessed those events. Here he came up with the idea of ​​writing The Captain's Daughter .

Unknown Orenburg: pages of history

The famous ethnographer Vladimir Dal said about Orenburg that “it was conceived three times and born once.” This phrase truly reflects the long history of the emergence of our hometown. The fact is that once the territory of the present Orenburg region was called a “wild field”: there was practically not a single Russian settlement here; the exact boundaries were not determined, because there were no expeditions that could come and explore this region yet.

Thrice conceived and once born

And so the Russian geographer and historian Ivan Kirillov created a project according to which an expedition was to go to Yaik (the former name of the Ural River), and its result was to be the construction of a Russian city. The great Emperor Peter I dreamed about this, who opened a window to Europe and wanted to do the same to Asia. He said that “the Kyrgyz horde is the key and the gate to all Asian countries.” But during the life of Peter the Great this idea could not be realized. But this was done by the “chick of Petrov’s nest” - Ivan Kirillov. Empress Anna Ioannovna approved this project with her highest permission.

The name Orenburg was given to it in St. Petersburg. Kirillov intended to found a city at the mouth of the Or River, on the site of modern Orsk. “Burg” is translated from German as “gate, ear” (i.e. to Asia) or “fortress”. In other words, the name meant a fortress on the Or River. The city was founded in 1735, but after Kirillov’s death, when the new head of the expedition, Vasily Tatishchev, arrived here, he found the Orenburg fortress in a very poor condition. As he described it in documents sent for reporting to St. Petersburg, “instead of a ditch and a rampart there is a fence around the city, through which wolves walk in winter.”

Having studied the natural conditions of the mouth of the Or River, Vasily Nikitich decided that there was no place for a city here; according to his calculations, stones, forests and water were not enough to build a large city. He proposed moving it to the Krasnaya Gora tract, where the village of Krasnogorskoye, Saraktash district, is now located (the streets in this village still follow the plan of the 18th century). The originally founded city was also preserved and became known as the Orsk Fortress. But on Red Mountain, according to legend, the construction of the city was prevented by lizards who lived along the banks of the Yaik River and frightened the Cossacks. In fact, Tatishchev came under investigation at that time and was recalled from the Orenburg region.

The new head of the expedition, Ivan Neplyuev, arrived here and proposed a new place for the construction of the city, considering that the most convenient and profitable from a trade point of view and transport links would be the place where the Sakmara River flows into the Yaik. It was here that modern Orenburg was founded on April 30 (New Style) 1743. Ivan Neplyuev became the first governor of our region.

The Empress granted “privileges” to those who wanted to settle in the Orenburg Fortress

The museum houses a very interesting document “Privileges given to Orenburg by Empress Anna Ioannovna.” When the project for the construction of a new city was just developed, to which roads had not even been built yet, it was necessary to somehow attract the population here, so the empress decided with this document to exempt merchants from paying taxes for several years, to give the townsfolk lifting equipment and building materials so that when they arrived to a new place, they could build themselves a house. Thanks to this, the city grew and acquired the appearance of a full-fledged fortress in just a few years. To speed up the pace of construction, boards were placed, and construction waste was poured between them (the houses were temporary, so the buildings of the 18th century have not survived to this day). Ivan Neplyuev himself, unlike modern city planners, lived in an ordinary dugout until the last, until barracks were built for all the soldiers, and houses were erected for everyone who came here.

Old Orenburg did not go beyond the historical center

The shape of the city resembled an oval polygon with ten bastions on which cannons were located. There were four gates leading to Orenburg: from the location of these gates one can imagine the size of old Orenburg, because the rampart and ditch were razed in the 60s of the 19th century, nothing reminiscent of its former dimensions was preserved in the area. The three-meter ditch was without water, because our region is quite dry, and the rampart, lined with stone, looked like a fortress wall; its height reached almost four meters.

The city began on the Embankment (Main Gate), and ended in the area of ​​the current House of Soviets, the Fabric store on Sovetskaya Street (Sakmar Gate, through which all guests from Central Russia, including Alexander Pushkin, entered Orenburg). On the side, the territory of Orenburg reached the intersection of Pushkinskaya and 8 March streets (where the checkpoint of the former anti-aircraft gun, now the Presidential Cadet Corps, is located). On the left was the Chernorechensky Gate (now the Salute, Victory!) park. The so-called Water Gate was in the lowest part of the city (on the current Maxim Gorky Street, formerly Vodyana). The Elizabeth Gate, which today is on the Embankment, was granted to Orenburg by Empress Elizabeth in gratitude for the suppression of the Bashkir uprising; they were built over Vodyany, and in the 19th century they were moved to the place where they are restored now.

Walking today through the historical center of Orenburg, we are practically walking through an open-air museum. In pre-Petrine times, cities in Russia were built according to a ring system from a small settlement (Moscow, for example). Peter I proposed a completely new plan for building cities “from scratch,” despite any landscape obstacles and natural conditions. The plan was developed in St. Petersburg, it assumed the presence of straight streets passing to each other at right angles, with a minimum number of through streets. Almost all the streets of old Orenburg end in dead ends; this was done in order to protect the city from raids by nomads riding horses. If the cavalry could break through into the fortress, then in numerous nooks and crannies the cavalry detachment could easily be surrounded and neutralized. Thus, Orenburg became not just a populated area, but a well-fortified military fortress. Behind the ramparts there was a Cossack district - Forstadt.

The old buildings have hardly survived

On the model of old Orenburg, many temples are clearly visible. Almost one of the first buildings built in the new city was precisely the temple, because the city was Russian, it was important both from a political and religious point of view, so that eastern merchants approaching the fortress would see that Orthodox Christians lived here. When the first Assumption Church fell into disrepair, the Holy Transfiguration and Vvedensky Cathedrals were built in Orenburg. You can imagine what it looked like when the golden domes sparkled in the sun above the rampart. But, unfortunately, not one of those temples has survived; they were destroyed in the 30s of the last century under Soviet rule.

From those times, only part of Gostiny Dvor has been preserved (part of it was reconstructed according to old drawings). Once upon a time it was a “fortress within a fortress” with blank walls, which could only be entered from the side of modern Sovetskaya Street through the gate church, and the back gate faced the current 9th January Street. At the end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th century, a second floor was built over Gostiny Dvor, the number of merchants arriving here increased, and it was necessary to expand the shopping arcades. In addition to Gostinovy ​​Dvor, there was Menovoy Dvor, which was located outside the territory of the old city - on the Asian bank of the Yaik River. In addition to Gostiny Dvor, only Rychkov’s house has survived to this day (behind the Institute for Advanced Training of Teachers).

Walking in Orenburg was only possible along the Embankment and part of the ramparts, because in the city itself there were very few green spaces, and in the heat the townspeople were suffocating from dust. When there were no asphalt streets yet, there was a bluish haze in the air because of this. In the evening, when the sun set, a huge number of townspeople flocked to the Embankment. In the Trans-Ural part (now the Trans-Ural Grove) only privileged segments of the population could walk; not everyone was allowed there. The first garden was laid out behind the governor's house in Kashirin Lane, which did not last long and was also built up. Nikolaevskaya (Sovetskaya) and Gostinodvorskaya (now Kirova) streets were the main shopping streets, the most prestigious areas were here, because merchants and nobles lived.

The city began to develop after liberation from military station

The city began to rapidly transform when, in 1822, Emperor Alexander I liberated Orenburg from military station. Previously, residents were obliged to house military people. The fortress, as you know, was a military one with several military schools (as Taras Shevchenko wrote, “in Orenburg there are epaulettes and helmets, soldiers and Cossacks”). An officer arrived, he must be given a house upon request, and the owner had no right to refuse, while he had to be fed for free and his horse maintained. To keep officers away from their homes, townspeople did not particularly care about the appearance of their houses. Only after liberation from military service did people have an incentive to decorate their homes; the governor even passed laws that everyone should set up a front garden near their house, plant a certain number of trees in order to green the city and give it air.

In 1833, when the new governor Vasily Perovsky came to us from the capital, he was horrified by the appearance of the houses on the main street of the city, and the arrival of Emperor Nicholas I was expected. Then he suggested that the residents either put their houses in order, or gave 50 rubles, 50 logs and asked to build a new house somewhere else, so as not to spoil the view of the center.

The first water pipeline in Orenburg appeared only in the middle of the 19th century; before that, water was transported in barrels along Vodyannaya Street (Maxim Gorky Street). The cab drivers went down to the river, picked up water and transported it around the city in barrels. The first water supply went not to houses, but to a swimming pool, located in the very center of old Orenburg - on the site of the current Leninsky public garden next to the drama theater at the intersection of Leninskaya and Sovetskaya streets. People drew water from this fountain and carried it to their homes. The Governor's Museum of History and Local Lore was built on the site of wine cellars, so they drank not only water at that time. Vodyanaya Street and Gostinodvorskaya Street became the first paved and illuminated streets in Orenburg (in the mid-19th century). Asphalt appeared on Nikolaevskaya only closer to the 70s.

What does Chkalov actually have to do with it?

During the First World War, in the wake of general patriotism, the idea arose to change the name of the city of Orenburg so that it would not have German roots. Names such as Neplyuevsk and Orengrad were proposed. But, fortunately, the idea did not come to fruition. But in 1938 he was nevertheless renamed Chkalov (he bore this name for 19 years), although Valery Chkalov has nothing to do with our city. He studied at the Serpukhov School of Air Combat and Bombing, which was later moved to Orenburg (partly with teachers and flight personnel), and it gave the basis to the Orenburg Flight School. After Chkalov’s death in 1938, they decided to perpetuate his name in the name of our city, although huge amounts of money were spent on this. Under Nikita Khrushchev, everything returned to normal, and Orenburg returned to its former name.

In the 18th century, the city began to grow further in the direction of Nikolaevskaya Street, Forshtadt (now Chkalova Street, Gagarin Avenue), Novaya Slobodka (Proletarskaya Street), Arenda (this area was previously rented by factory owners for their industrial enterprises - Kozhevennaya Street, Goncharnaya) and the railway station (our railway tracks were laid in 1876, two years later the station building appeared, Leo Tolstoy was one of the first passengers passing through). The city was the last to grow towards Stepnoye. It was assumed that the Mayak area would develop well (it was a recreation area, it was located on a hill, so it was easier to breathe there, there was also a monastery there), where wealthy citizens would settle. But after the construction of the railway, plans changed. It became not entirely prosperous, because the railway workers were not wealthy, and an area called Nakhalovka (unauthorized settlement) appeared there. Towards the South - along the river - the city grew slowly. Today Orenburg is 25 times larger than the old city.

The pedestrian bridge across the Ural River was built every summer after the flood; it was wooden, built according to the design of Vladimir Dahl. Until the 70s of the last century, the Urals were navigable; the last captain, Shipilov, died just last year. A permanent metal bridge appeared here in 1982 on the initiative of Yuri Garankin. The museum of the history of the city on the Embankment became his brainchild (after the Guardhouse was moved to Samara, the building was empty for a long time; the clock from the tower was removed).

In the house on Sovetskaya Street, 2, the Governor General lived, on Sovetskaya Street, 3, there was a commandant’s office, and then the commandant’s house, in the current state archives there lived a police chief, and in the courtyard behind this house there was a fire tower. The first wooden guardhouse, where war criminals were kept, was located on the site of the Physics and Mathematics Lyceum (school No. 30) on Sovetskaya Street. In 1858, after a fire, it was moved to the current building of the Orenburg History Museum.

By the way, Alexander Pushkin spent his first night in Orenburg at a country dacha with his friend Perovsky. Despite the autumn, the weather in 1833 was warm, the dacha was located in the area of ​​the regional military hospital, not far from the station. Alexander Pushkin spent the second night in the house of Vladimir Dal, which has not survived, but was behind the drama theater. According to legends, girls climbed the oak tree to look through the windows and see the classic. Near this oak tree there is now a sculpture of the Scientist Cat.

Elizabeth Gate

While walking along the embankment, go to the Elizabeth Gate . This is one of the symbols of the city! The history of their appearance is connected with the Bashkir uprisings in the Orenburg lands in 1755. Then the governor of Orenburg I.I. Neplyuev heroically suppressed the Bashkir uprising. In memory of this, Empress Elizabeth gives a gate , which she orders to be installed at the exit from the city, towards the steppes, so that all nomads remember the power of the Russian army . Over time, the gate collapsed. Their fragments can be viewed in the local history museum . And in 2008, a copy of them was installed on the embankment.

ORENBURG

Orenburg. View of the city. Information Work Department of the Orenburg City Administration

ORENBURG, city in Russia, adm. center of the Orenburg region Us. 556.1 thousand people (2013; within the city district - 571.8 thousand people). Located in South Cis-Urals, on the river. Ural (the banks are connected by a pedestrian bridge with symbolic signs of the border between Europe - on the right bank and Asia - on the left, 1980s, and a cable car, 2006), near the confluence of the river. Sakmara. Junction of railways and roads. Intl. airport.

In May 1734 beginning. The Orenburg expedition, I.K. Kirilov, compiled the “Privilege for the City of Orenburg” [approved by Senate decree dated July 7 (18), 1734], which granted special rights and benefits to the future city, which was planned to be built on the borders with the Kazakhs. lands. O. was considered as a kind of “window to Asia” (by analogy with St. Petersburg - “window to Europe”), a stronghold to the southeast. borders of the country. Initially the city was called. O. (now the city of Orsk) was founded by Kirilov on August 15 (26), 1735 at the confluence of the river. Or in the river Yaik (now Ural), in 1736 on the site of the present. O. Kirilov founded the Berd fortress (on the right bank of the Yaik river). In 1738 beginning. To the Orenburg Commission, V.N. Tatishchev moved the first O. due to the difficulty of communication approximately 192 km downstream of the river. Yaik, in the Krasnaya Gora tract (in 1742–1837 Krasnogorsk fortress, then the village of Krasnogorskaya, now the village of Krasnogor). I. I. Neplyuev, who replaced Tatishchev, in 1742 again moved the lake another approximately 75 km downstream of the river. Yaik, in place of the Berd fortress. Construction of the new lake began on April 19 (30), 1743. engineer general G. von Shtokman (Berdsk fortress was moved 6 km north, to the bank of the Sakmara River, now within O.). Center of the Orenburg province (1744–1781/82; 1797–1802; 1865–1920; 1921–28). Since 1748 military. and adm. center of the Orenburg Cossack army. To develop trade with Wed. Asia on the left bank of the river. Yaik, about 3 km from O., the Exchange Yard was built in 1749–54 (in the form of a stone fortress; operated until 1914). During the Pugachev uprising of 1773–75, E. I. Pugachev’s headquarters for some time was the Berd Fortress. O. was besieged by the rebels (October 1773 - March/April 1774), but was not taken thanks to the skillful actions of the Orenburg governor, Lieutenant General I. A. Reinsdorp. Regional and district city of the Ufa governorate (1781/82–1796), only a district city of the Orenburg province. (1802–65). The residence of the Orenburg military was located in O. governors (1796–1851), Orenburg and Samara governors general (1851–64), Orenburg governor general (1865–81). From the end 18th century O. is a political place. exile, members of the Greek served here. secret society "Filiki Eteria" (1821–24), participants in Polish secret societies (including J. Witkiewicz, E. Zheligovsky, T. Zan, V. Migursky, Z. Sierakowski, etc.), the Polish uprising 1830–31, Polish uprising of 1863–64, Petrashevites (in 1852–58, 1859 A. N. Pleshcheev served in exile and served in O.), populists, social democratic leaders. movements. G.S. Karelin and A.A. Alyabyev also served exile in O. From 1799 to 1859, the Orenburg Border Commission operated in O., in charge of the affairs and administration of the Kazakhs of the Junior Zhuz (the so-called Trans-Ural Kyrgyz steppe of the Orenburg department, in 1859 it was transformed into the Orenburg Kyrgyz region). In 1859–68, the regional administration of the Region of the Orenburg Kirghiz was located in O., in 1868–1920 - the regional administration, command administration. troops and military residence. Governor of the Turgai region. In 1862 O. lost the status of a fortress (back in 1860 the ramparts in the city were razed and the ditch was filled in). Center of the educational district (1874–1907).

In the 2nd half. 19 – beginning 20th centuries the industry began to develop, the largest enterprise - Ch. railway workshops (1905). In 1877, railway traffic was opened. line Samara - Orenburg, in 1905 - Orenburg - Kubek, in December. 1914/Jan. 1915 – Orenburg – Kuvandyk. During World War I, refugees from the West were settled in O. regions of the country, hospitals operated.

In O. 20–27.7 (2–9.8).1917 the 1st All-Bashkir kurultai (congress) was held, at which the creation of autonomy was supported and the Bashkir Shuro (council) was formed, 12/8–20/1917(12/21/1917–1/2/1918 ) - 3rd All-Bashkir Constituent Kurultai, it approved the creation of bashkir. autonomy and its government was formed. 21–26.7 (3–8.8). 1917 in O. the 1st All-Kyrgyz (All-Kazakh) Congress was held, at which the Alash party took shape, in December. 1917 – 2nd All-Kyrgyz (All-Kazakh) Congress, where the Kyrgyz (Kazakh) autonomy “Alash-Orda” was proclaimed.

With the beginning of the Civil war 1917–22 O. in November. 1917 – Jan. 1918 was under the control of the forces of A.I. Dutov. On January 18 (31), 1918, the city was occupied by Bolshevik detachments. On July 3, 1918, under the conditions of the Czechoslovak Corps, the 1918 uprising was taken under control by participants in the anti-Bolshevik Cossack uprising, and soon Dutov’s troops re-entered the city. On January 22, 1919, it was again occupied by Bolshevik detachments. On Sept. 1919 Dutov's Orenburg army attempted to occupy O., but was defeated by units of the Red Army. Center of the Orenburg-Turgai province (1920–21). The capital of the Kyrgyz (from 1925 – Cossack) ASSR as part of the RSFSR (1920–25). District (since 1928) and district (1928–30) center of the Middle Volga region. (1928–29) and the Middle Volga region (1929–34). Since 1934, the center of the Orenburg (in 1938–57 – Chkalov) region. In 1938–57 it was called Chkalov. In 1939, the Orenburg Down Shawls Factory was founded in the city (initially as an artel). In Vel. Otech. war in O. from the west. areas of the country evacuated St. 40 large enterprises (including the Moscow plant "Frezer" and others). In 1980, railway traffic was opened. line Orenburg - Muraptalovo.

Gostiny Dvor. 1750–54. Architect I.V. Muller. Photo by P. S. Pavlinov

From the Orenburg fortress, the remains of the Nikolsky Bastion, the Water Gate, and the construction of the Cannon Yard have been preserved. On the territory of the former The fortress with a preserved rectangular layout contains buildings from the 18th–19th centuries: the ensemble of the Gostiny Dvor with a gate tower and corner bastions (1750–54, architect I.V. Muller; rebuilt in 1877–98), the house of P.I. Rychkov (1753 ), in the style of classicism - the buildings of the Ordinance House (commandant's office; early 19th century, built on at the end of the 19th century), the Officers' Assembly (early 19th century, architect M. P. Malakhov; now a children's music hall. school), 1st Neplyuevsky Cadet Corps (1824–25; rebuilt in the 2nd half of the 19th – early 20th centuries for a women’s gymnasium), Assembly of the Nobility (1836–41, architect A.P. Bryullov); rotundal gazebo (1837, moved from the Trans-Ural Grove in the late 19th century), Catholic. Church of Our Lady of Loreto (1844–47); in the spirit of eclecticism - the house in which A. I. Berg was born, the men's gymnasium (1868–69), theological school (1884, architect F. D. Markelov), the estate of V. V. Chistozvonov (end 19 - early 20th centuries) and E. M. Gorodissky (1906).

Guardhouse building. 1854–56. Architect I. P. Skalochkin. Now the Museum of the History of Orenburg. Photo by P. S. Pavlinov

Specificity of architecture O.'s appearance is a combination of European. and east styles - can be traced in the buildings of the representative office of the Bukhara emir (19th century), the Border Commission (late 18th - early 19th centuries, built on in the mid-19th century, in the Moorish style), the office of the Orenburg engineer. distance (1879–82, in the neo-Gothic style; restored in 1976), in the Khusainiya ensemble (mosque with minaret, 1892–94; madrasah, completed in 1905–06; teachers’ houses). On Embankment st. located: military house. governor with 2 wings (1836–41, architect G. Gopius; now one of the buildings of the Pedagogical University), a guardhouse in the neo-Gothic style (1854–56, architect I. P. Skalochkin; now the Museum of the History of O.; clock -chimes were restored in 1978–86), a 5-story building of the 2nd Cadet Corps (1871–74; from 1927 a military pilot school, in 1938–93 a Military Aviation School for pilots, in 1955–57 Yu studied here. A. Gagarin), Moshkov houses (1877 and 1905–1906) with a brewery (1886). On the street Kobozev – estates of A.G. Filippov, M.V. Savelyev and others (all 19th century), ch. building and store of the trading house of A. I. Zaryvnov (19th century), buildings of branches of the Volga-Kama (1880s) and Azov-Don (1909–10) banks, the Bristol Hotel (1907).

Complex of a caravanserai with a mosque. 1837–46. Architect A.P. Bryullov.

In 1837, construction began on Novaya Slobodka (north of the fortress); its fan-shaped layout has now been reorganized into a radial-ring layout. North and northwest of the former. the fortresses have been preserved: the bashk complex. caravanserai with an octagonal mosque, a minaret and the command building of the Bashkir-Meshcheryak army (1837–46, architect A.P. Bryullov), the ensemble of the Nikolaev Women's Institute (1830–40s, rebuilt in late 19th century), Pokrovskaya c. (1853, the chapters and bell tower were demolished in 1930, restored in the 1990s), the bishop's house (1865–68), buildings of the Assumption Monastery. [1874, closed in 1923, restored since 2010; water-blessed chapel (since 2004 in honor of the icon of the Mother of God “Life-Giving Spring”), etc.], c. St. Demetrius of Thessalonica in the Russian style (1890, the domes and bell tower were restored in the 1990s), c. St. John the Evangelist (1901–02), 6 mosques ser. 19 – beginning 20th centuries, residential buildings in brick style. Among other surviving buildings: railway. station (1876, reconstructed in 1936 and 2004–05), fire station with tower (1876), water towers in the locomotive depot (1870s) and on the avenue. Pobeda (1927–28, architects I.V. Ryangin, S.S. Puntikov), steam mill by V.Kh. Yurov (1901–03). East of former fortress at 19 - beginning. 20th centuries the Cossack Forstadt area was built up (St. Nicholas Cathedral, 1883–1886, new dome – 1988–90, bell tower – 1994). On the left bank of the river. Ural - the foundation of the wall of the Menovoy Dvor, the Transural Grove cultural and recreation park (310 hectares), the Ural rest house.

Apartment building in Art Nouveau style (1910), etc. Chime Tower (1993–97). Photo by P. S. Pavlinov

In the beginning. 20th century Art Nouveau style was actively developing in O.: the Grieves and Co. trading house (1905–06), the building of the Mutual Credit Society (1908, now a branch of Sberbank), a post office, numerous. merchant mansions [including the houses of S. G. Frolov (1912), V. Troshin (1913)]. Among the buildings in the neoclassical style are the apartment building of P. F. Pankratov (1914), the house of the Moscow agency. fire insurance company (1914–16, architect I.F. Kuretsky; now the mayor’s office). In the 1930s all in. In parts of O., new residential areas were built: Novostroika, Rent, Syreika. In 1936–40, the House of Soviets was erected on the site of the Kazan Cathedral (architect I. I. Vinogradov). Since 1945 in the style of owls. neoclassical built: Dramatic. Theater named after M. Gorky (1947–49, architects I. S. Avvakumov, A. N. Postnikov; reconstruction - 2006), staircase descending to the river. Ural (1955, architect P. T. Perminov), ensemble of the Regional Exhibition of People's Achievements. farms with a concert hall (1956, now the Philharmonic). In the 1970s–80s. (according to the general plan of 1969) residential areas were built: Yuzhny, Mayak, Khlebny Gorodok, Severny, Vostochny, etc., houses of culture “Russia”, “Druzhba” (now “Gazovik”; 1983), the “Fakel” hotel; in the 1990–2000s - so-called Tower with chimes (1993–97, architect A. S. Ivanov), c. St. MC. Tatiana at Orenburg University (2000), c. St. Sergius of Radonezh in the Rostoshi district (2005–06), a cathedral in honor of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God with elements of neo-Byzantine style in the Stepnaya district (2005–11), Vvedensky Cathedral (2007–2011; reconstruction of the temple 1755–58, destroyed in 1931), wood. Church in honor of the Tabyn Icon of the Mother of God (2003). To the east in the outskirts in 2005–09, the cultural complex “National. village" with 10 different. farmsteads. In 2008, a new general plan of the city was adopted; Gostiny Dvor and the Center are being reconstructed. market (architect A.I. Agafonov).

Monuments: V. I. Lenin (1925, sculptor V. V. Kozlov, architect I. V. Ryangin; 1963, sculptor V. B. Pinchuk), heroes of Civil. war (1931, sculptors M. F. Herzog and E. N. Krestyanson), V. P. Chkalov (1953, sculptor I. A. Mendelevich, architect A. S. Andreev), Yu. A. Gagarin (1986, sculptors Yu. L. Chernov, Yu. V. Aleksandrov), A. S. Pushkin and V. I. Dal (1998, sculptor N. G. Petina), Governor General V. A. Perovsky (from the Perovsky family; 2005, sculptor Petina), Orenburg Cossacks (2007, sculptor V. Nikolaev, architect N.A. Chudin-Alexandrin), P.I. Rychkov (2012, sculptors A.E. Vargot, M.S. Vedernikov); memorial “To those who fell for the Soviet Motherland” (1973, architect A. A. Andreev, sculptors Aleksandrov, Chernov), a memorial with the Eternal Flame to the Orenburg residents who fell during the Great Ages. Otech. war (1985, architect A.I. Agafonov, sculptor N.A. Ishmukhametov).

Among scientific institutions - regional branches: RANS, Ros. eco-friendly Academy, Academy of Electrical Engineering. Sciences, Int. Academy of Sciences of Ecology, Human Safety and Nature; All-Russian Research Institute of Beef Cattle Breeding of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Scientific Research Institute of the village. House of Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Scientific. Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (it includes the Institute of Cellular and Intracellular Symbiosis, the Institute of Steppe, the Department of Geoecology, the Department of Biotechnical Systems, the Orenburg Branch of the Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences), N.-and. Center for the History of the Peoples of the South. Ural, Research Institute of History of the South. The Urals and the Cossacks of Russia. State universities: Pedagogical. University (1915, current status since 1996), Agrarian University (1930, current status and name since 1995), Med. Academy (1944, current status since 1994), University (founded in 1955 as an evening department of the Kuibyshev Industrial Institute named after V.V. Kuibyshev, name and status changed, since 1996 current status), Institute Arts (since 1997 named after L. and M. Rostropovich), Institute of Management (1999); branches: Moscow universities - Academy of Labor and Social Relations, Ross. People's Academy farms and government services under the President of the Russian Federation, Ros. state trade and economic University, Ros. state University of Oil and Gas named after. I. M. Gubkin, Volga State. University of Telecommunications and Informatics (Samara). There are also a Theological Seminary (1883, revived in 2009), and a number of non-states. universities, including the Institute of Economics and Culture, Institute of National. safety and innovation technologies. 4 regional libraries, including Universal Scientific. fuck them. N.K. Krupskaya (1889), Center. mountains fuck them. N. A. Nekrasov (1928, unites 26 branch libraries) and others. Museums: governor’s local history museum (founded in 1830; now in the house of merchant A. I. Yenikutsev, 1836–38), regional museum. arts (1960; in the building of the City Duma, 1814, architect M. P. Malakhov, expanded in 1875), history of O. (1983), memorial museum-guardhouse of T. G. Shevchenko (1989), memorial museum-apartments of Yuri and Valentina Gagarin (2001), the Rostropovich family (2001), the Museum of Military Glory and the Afghan War (2001), “House of Memory” (2003), the memorial complex-museum “Salute, Victory!” (2005), history of the Orenburg Cossacks (2007), Gallery “Orenburg Down Shawl” (2012), etc.

Dramatic Theater named after M. Gorky (1869), Regional Puppet Theater (1935), Regional Music Theater. comedy (in O. since 1936), Tatar drama. Theater named after M. Faizi (1990), Municipal Puppet Theater “Pierrot” (1991). Orenburg Russian folk choir. Regional Philharmonic (1943), consisting of: Chamber Orchestra (1990), chamber ensemble of ancient and modern. music "Divertiment" (1994), etc. Municipal groups: Orenburg Chamber Choir (1993), brass band "Orenburg" (1997), Ensemble Russian. song and dance “Russian Expanse” (founded in 1990 at the Palace of Culture “Russia” as an amateur, since 1996 professional). They are held at different intervals: International. theater festival "Gostiny Dvor" (since 1994), Int. festival of puppet theaters “Orenburg Watermelon” (since 2001). Children's room village named after P. A. Kobozev (1953, one of the longest in Russia: length approx. 5.6 km).

Popular sports include football, volleyball, bandy, and table tennis. The greatest success was achieved by the Gazprom Fakel table tennis club, which won the Russian Championship (2009), the Russian Cup (2006) and the European Cup (2010), held in Orenburg.

The base of the mountains. economics – production and processing of oil and natural gas, electric power, mechanical engineering, light and food industries. The Orenburg field is being developed. Processing of hydrocarbon raw materials is carried out at the largest Orenburg gas chemical plant in Russia. complex (structural division of the company Gazprom Dobycha Orenburg; it includes gas processing, helium plants and other enterprises): installed capacity St. 37 billion m3 of gas per year; loading your own raw materials St. 50%, raw materials from Kazakh are also processed. Karachaganak deposits, etc. Main. complex products - dry and liquefied gas, stable condensate with oil, a wide fraction of light hydrocarbons, ethane (approx. 80% of Russian production, 2011), sulfur (approx. 20%), liquid oxygen and nitrogen; The entire volume of growth is also produced here. helium and odorant.

Leading mechanical engineering manufacturers. products - factories: drilling equipment (drilling tools and pipes for geological exploration, oil and gas production), locomotive repair (branch of the Zheldorremmash company; overhaul of mainline and shunting diesel locomotives, spare parts for rolling stock and overhead contact network), "Orenburg Radiator" "(as part of the Ural Mining and Metallurgical Company; copper-brass radiators for tractors, agricultural, road construction and special equipment, etc.), "Inverter" (power conversion equipment, incl. uninterruptible power systems, low-voltage equipment); PA "Strela" (now part of the Military-Industrial Corporation "NPO Mashinostroeniya"; aeronautical products for the needs of the defense industry, as well as agricultural equipment, heating equipment). Among other important enterprises are the Oil and Oil Plant (part of the RussNeft company; various lubricants), a silicate plant (one of the largest in the region in terms of brick production volumes). Production of knitted products from down (Orenburg Down Shawls Factory), shoes, textiles and clothing, arts. fur, nonwoven materials, food products (flour, cereals - combines "Khleboprodukt-1", "Khleboprodukt-2"; confectionery, dairy, meat products), beer ("Orenburg Brewing Company" - products under the "Hoffman" trademark) . Oil extraction plant (as part of the NMZhK group of companies, the largest producer of vegetable oils in the region) and feed mills. Sakmarskaya CHPP (460 MW).

National village

The Urals is a region where more than 100 nationalities live. Each has its own traditions and values. You can learn about them in the National Village , where the farmsteads of the 10 most numerous peoples living in Orenburg and the region . Here you can get acquainted with Tatar, Bashkir, Kazakh, Russian, Georgian and other cultures. Through cuisine, literature, crafts and everyday life, you will notice the commonalities and differences between the represented peoples.

Shawl Museum

The down scarf began to be made in the Orenburg province around the 18th century. The museum displays historical exhibits telling about the emergence and development of this craft. You will experience delight and surprise, because this is a real miracle! A scarf created using ancient technologies can pass through a wedding ring! The secret of its softness and strength is the special fluff provided by local goats. The excursion will be interesting for tourists of any age.

Victory Park

In summer in Orenburg it is pleasant to walk around the city. It pleases with greenery and fountains. It can even be a pity to waste time on museums. In this case, I recommend visiting an open-air exhibition of military equipment. It is located in Victory Park . Here you can see tanks, planes, self-propelled guns and even trains. The exposition plays out in a very interesting way. You can climb in the trenches, climb onto a train or sit on a cart. Everywhere there are information signs telling about the exhibit.

Museum of Taras Shevchenko

For the 175th anniversary of Orenburg, a museum-guardhouse was opened . Taras Shevchenko was arrested here . The museum is small, but quite realistically reflects the gloomy spirit of the prison premises of the 19th century. There are thick bars on the windows, small cold cells, sparse furnishings.

The formidable guards (wax figures) add realism to the guardhouse. One of the rooms displays the artist’s personal belongings. Museum workers say that Taras Shevchenko violated the emperor’s ban on painting, as he had to devote all his time to military affairs. This is why he ends up here. And even influential friends could not help him. In addition to the permanent exhibition, the museum organizes temporary exhibitions. Most often these are paintings by local artists.

House-Museum of the Gagarins

In 1961, Yuri Gagarin flew into space. This was an important event for all humanity. It became especially important for Orenburg , where Gagarin lived for many years. Here he graduated from flight school and found a family in the same city. In the center of the city there is an old merchant mansion, which once housed the Gagarin family , and since 2001 a memorial house-museum . Initially, this was the apartment of Valentina Goryacheva (Gagarina) , but when she married Yuri , the couple lived here for a long time. After moving to Star City , Yuri and Valentina Gagarin periodically visited Orenburg and stayed in this apartment. Most of the items belonged to the astronaut's family, and photographs from the family archive are also presented.

Option No. 2

Orenburg is a city located on the Ural River and ranks twenty-eighth in population among all Russian cities. The Orenburg region is located next to the Saratov region, Samara region, Kazakhstan and Tatarstan. This region is very large and the scale is truly surprising.

The city of Orenburg has a unique founding history. Orenburg began to be built three times and always in different places:

1 time - at the confluence of two rivers, Yaik and Ori;

2 times - on Red Mountain;

3 times - at the base of the Ural coast.

Orenburg is rightly called the largest industrial city in the Ural-Volga region. This city has excellent educational institutions, such as OSU, medical universities, pedagogical and agricultural training centers, a cadet school under the president and many secondary specialized educational institutions. Many famous singers, composers, musicians and poets are associated with this city.

The city of Orenburg is located between Europe and Asia and thanks to the railway, it has become a connecting link between them. On the pedestrian bridge that crosses the Ural River, there is a sign marking the border between the two parts of the world.

The climate of this city is temperate continental and this greatly affects temperature fluctuations. If in summer the temperature reaches forty-five degrees Celsius, then in winter it can drop to minus forty-nine. Summer is very hot, but short. The temperature rises in June and lasts until the end of August. At this time of year, there is a drought in Orenburg. It also doesn’t last long, starting in September, ending in November and cold winter sets in, snow falls.

Orenburg is a city that arose from a fortress built under Anna Ionovna. There are a lot of buildings left in it that were erected in the USSR, which are located next to the new buildings. Sovetskaya Street is the main street in the city and all the streets and avenues of the city begin from it. This street is considered the Orenburg Arbat, since even buses do not run along it. This street is famous for the Soviet buildings located along it.

The Orenburg region is a multinational region, as more than a hundred different nationalities live in it, ranging from Kazakhs to Armenians. In two thousand and four, the regional governor proposed creating a complex called the National Village, which would help unite all the cultures of the peoples living in the same territory. Currently, ten houses of different cultures have been built, and by visiting there you can experience all the elegance of cultures and the way of life of different peoples.

Space Museum

The Museum of Cosmonautics is located in the flight school where famous pilots of the country trained: Yu. Gagarin , V. Lebedev , Yu. Lonchakov and others. For a long time, the largest exhibit of the museum stood in front of the building - the MiG-15 aircraft Yuri Gagarin flew in 1961 . The school recently celebrated its 95th anniversary. Over its history, it has trained 28 thousand pilots and navigators. Of these, there were 252 Heroes of the Soviet Union, 10 twice Heroes of the Soviet Union and 4 cosmonauts!

The pilots of this school were the first in history to master the skies over the Arctic and Antarctic . In 1963, the first cosmonaut school in the Soviet Union . And then the cosmonautics museum . Part of the collection included personal belongings of Yu. Gagarin and his flight log.

In 1993, the school was disbanded. Within these walls is located the cadet flight school, the first stage of training. The local residents gave the educational institution a funny name: among themselves they call it “letka.”

Europe-Asia Stele

In 1981, column was installed the Ural River , which can conditionally be considered the Europe-Asia border . Why conditional? You know that scientists do not stop in their research. Once upon a time, in the 18th century, it was believed that the Ural River was a natural border dividing the mainland. But everything changed in the 20th century! Today, geographers have determined that the border runs along a mountain range, a little further from Orenburg .

But in memory of the worldview of the past, a stele was erected. It is visible from the ring road and many city guests entering Orenburg stop in their cars near this sign. From the city center, the stele can be easily reached on foot if you move along the embankment. The area near the obelisk is decorated with flower beds and lanterns. You can come here both during the day and in the evening.

Orenburg

Orenburg

Address: 460000, Orenburg, st. Sovetskaya, 60

Internet portal address: www.orenburg.ru

Date of formation : April 30, 1743

Status – regional center, urban district

The total area of ​​the territory is 91691 hectares

Population (average annual) – 583,624 people.

Main water arteries : r. Ural, r. Sakmara

time difference from Moscow: +2 hours

The total area of ​​land resources of the city of Orenburg is 91,691 hectares:

forest fund lands – 873 hectares

agricultural land – 60,536 hectares

land of settlements – 29,092 hectares

reserve land – 316 hectares

lands of industry, energy, transport, communications – 743 hectares

water fund lands – 131 hectares

The city includes the territories of rural settlements:

villages: Berdyanka, Kargala, Nizhnesakmara, Samorodovo, Kholodnye Klyuchi, Krasny Partizan, Troitsky;

villages: Gorodishche, Krasnokholm, Ponds.

The city territory is divided into two territorial units:

Southern District (Leninsky and Central districts);

Northern District (Dzerzhinsky and Industrial districts).

Historical information about the city of Orenburg. The first stone for the foundation of the city of Orenburg was laid under Empress Anna Ioannovna on April 19 (30), 1743 in the area between the Yaik and Sakmara rivers. Orenburg was founded three times. For the first time in 1735 - on the site of the current city of Orsk, located in the east of the modern Orenburg region. In 1739, Orenburg was moved to a new location - Krasnaya Gora, which, after some time, was also considered not a very convenient place. And finally, our city began to be built on the banks of the Yaik River, which was later renamed the Ural.

The fate of Orenburg is unusual. It became a provincial and regional center four times, a district center three times, was the center of the district of the Middle Volga region, the “steppe capital” of the Kirghiz (Kazakh) Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, was renamed three times, and was awarded the highest awards of the state three times.

Orenburg can also be called special because it is located simultaneously in two parts of the world: Europe and Asia. In 1981, behind the road bridge over the river. Ural, an obelisk “Europe-Asia” was erected, symbolizing the border of parts of the world passing along the river. On Russian territory this is the first sign marking the border between Europe and Asia.

From the moment of its appearance on the map of the Russian state, Orenburg performed special state tasks:

defended the southeastern borders of Russia;

was an international trade center, a conductor of the Eurasian policy of the state - the Great Silk Road passed here;

During the Great Patriotic War, it was the “forge of Victory” - more than 40 large industrial enterprises carrying out military state orders were evacuated to Orenburg from the West of the country.

The paths of such famous people in Russian history as Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin, Ivan Andreevich Krylov, Gavriil Romanovich Derzhavin, Vladimir Ivanovich Dal, Taras Grigorievich Shevchenko, Alexey Nikolaevich Pleshcheev intersected with Orenburg in different years.

In 1833, Orenburg was visited by the great Russian classic Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, who collected materials about the Pugachev uprising. After this trip, the famous story “The Captain's Daughter” and “The History of the Pugachev Rebellion” were written.

At the Orenburg Higher Military Aviation Flight School named after. I.S. Polbina was given the profession of pilot by the first cosmonaut on the planet, Hero of the Soviet Union and honorary citizen of the city of Orenburg, Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin.

The world famous cellist and conductor Mstislav Leopoldovich Rostropovich, an honorary citizen of the city of Orenburg, often came to the city where he spent his military childhood.

The hallmark of Orenburg is the down products of local craftswomen, the fame of which has spread throughout the world. Unique Orenburg hand-knitted goat feather scarves, common since the 18th century, are distinguished by their fine workmanship, original pattern, durability and ability to retain heat for a long time.

Today Orenburg is a major political and industrial center not only of the Orenburg region, but also of the entire Ural-Volga region. Modern Orenburg is also a center of science and higher education.

After the discovery of the Orenburg gas condensate field in the late 60s, Orenburg actively grew and developed. It was then that the main volumes of the currently available housing stock were put into operation and the basic engineering infrastructure was created.

Modern Orenburg is one of the largest logistics commodity and transport hubs, of great interest to industrialists and entrepreneurs interested in promoting their products and goods to the markets of Russia and beyond (Middle and Central Asia, near and far abroad).

Orenburg has highly qualified specialists, production and intellectual resources necessary for the development of innovative sectors of the economy, manufacturing and highly productive agriculture.

Natural and raw materials resources. The territory of the Orenburg region combines the natural complexes of the forest-steppe of central Russia, the steppes of the South-East, the sandy and saline deserts of the Middle Caspian region and Turgai, the wooded low mountains of the Southern Urals, the pine-birch forest-steppe of the Trans-Urals and Western Siberia.

Nature is distinguished by its exceptional diversity and amazing contrasts.

The Ural and Sakmara rivers flow through the territory of the city of Orenburg. The purpose of water resources is household and drinking.

The Ural, the largest water artery of Orenburg and the Orenburg region, flowing into the Caspian Sea, has acquired the status of an interstate transboundary river. In terms of total length, it is the third river in Europe (after the Volga and Danube). The river crosses the Orenburg region from east to west, flowing through ten districts over a distance of 1,164 km. Administratively, the Urals flows through the territory of three constituent entities of the Russian Federation - Orenburg and Chelyabinsk regions, the Republic of Bashkortostan and three constituent entities of the Republic of Kazakhstan - Aktobe, West Kazakhstan and Atyrau regions.

Almost the entire periodic table is represented in the Orenburg region. More than 2,500 deposits of 75 types of minerals have been explored in transport proximity to the city of Orenburg. Gas, oil, coal, copper-nickel and iron ores, rock salt, gold and rare metals, marble, jasper, asbestos, sand, clay, limestone and others are mined. There are springs of natural mineral water. In terms of reserves and mining volumes, the Orenburg region is among the leading group of Russian regions.

Of particular importance is Orenburg natural gas, which is produced at the Orenburg gas condensate field, the largest in Europe. The field is characterized by particular gas saturation and multicomponent nature. The composition of the produced gas, in addition to methane and gas condensate, includes ethane, butane, propane, helium, hexane, pentane, methyl, nitrogen, sulfur and mercaptans.

Population. The population of Orenburg has grown significantly over the past decades: in 1926, 123 thousand residents lived in the city, in 1939 - 172 thousand, 1959 - 267 thousand, 1974 - 400 thousand, 2005 - 539 thousand, 2018 - 580.1 thousand ., 2022 – 583.6 thousand people.

Our city is multinational in terms of its residents. Cultural societies of Tatars, Kazakhs, Bashkirs, Germans, Ukrainians, Armenians, etc. have been created and are functioning. Different religions coexist peacefully at the junction of Western and Eastern cultures. The city has Orthodox cathedrals and churches, churches, mosques and synagogues.

National composition of the population of the city of Orenburg:

Personnel and scientific potential. The total workforce of the city of Orenburg is more than 361 thousand people, the economically active population is more than 293 thousand people. The level of officially registered unemployment remains at the level of 0.5-0.6% of the economically active population of the city of Orenburg.

The population composition by age is distributed as follows:

working age – 64.8%;

younger than working age – 15.5%;

over working age – 19.7%.

Modern Orenburg is a center of higher education and science. A wide network of higher and secondary vocational educational institutions, research institutes, certified laboratories and design organizations ensures the availability of highly qualified scientific and personnel potential.

The city is home to independent state higher educational institutions and non-state institutions of various profiles (60 thousand students), educational institutions of secondary vocational education (15.5 thousand students), research and design institutes, scientific centers and societies. The main ones are Orenburg State University, Orenburg State Agrarian University, Orenburg State Medical Academy, Orenburg State Pedagogical University, Orenburg State Institute of Management, Orenburg State Institute of Art named after. Rostropovich, Moscow State Law Academy named after. O.E. Kutafin, Motor Transport College, Medical College, Pedagogical College named after. Kalugin, College of Statistics, Economics and Informatics, etc.

Transport infrastructure. The city is located at the nodal point of automobile, aviation and railway routes connecting almost all regions with the capital of Russia, the Urals and the Far East, the Black Sea coast and Central Asia, countries of the near and far abroad.

Highways connect Orenburg with major Russian cities:

access to Orenburg from M-5 “Ural” – Samara-Orenburg – 275 km

Orenburg-Ilek-Uralsk – 126.8 km

Ufa-Orenburg – 77 km

Orenburg-Orsk-Shilda-border of the Chelyabinsk region. – 406 km

Orenburg-Sol-Iletsk-Akbulak-border of the Aktobe region. – 150.1 km

Kazan-Chistopol-Bugulma-Orenburg – 276.2 km

Bugulma-Uralsk – 337.3 km

Orenburg bypass road (within the city) – 22.5 km.

Transit freight and passenger flows pass through Orenburg in the directions of the Center, Middle Urals and the Republic of Kazakhstan (Aktobe, Aksai and Uralsk).

Orenburg is one of the supporting points in the construction of the international transport corridor “Western Europe - Western China” - the shortest route from Western Europe to China.

Motor transport. From the regional center there is a daily bus service with all regional centers of the Orenburg region and nearby villages.

There is direct bus service with the cities of Samara, Kazan, Nizhny Novgorod, Ufa, Perm, Magnitogorsk, Naberezhnye Chelny, Sterlitamak, Salavat, Meleuz, Izhevsk, Uralsk, Aktyubinsk, etc. Residents of the city and its guests have the opportunity to go to Moscow, Anapa, Poland and Germany on a comfortable bus.

Passenger transportation on municipal city routes is carried out by:

municipal government enterprise MCP "Orenburg Passenger Transportation" (large and medium-capacity buses, large-capacity trolleybuses);

individual entrepreneurs and legal entities (private carriers).

Railway transport. The city of Orenburg is a large railway junction connecting Central Europe with Central Asia and the Far East. From here roads lead to Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan, to Siberia and the Far East, to the south of Russia and to Ukraine.

Trains from Moscow, Bishkek, Tashkent, Akmola, Minsk, Ufa, Novokuznetsk, Irkutsk, Adler, Mineralnye Vody, Yekaterinburg, Chelyabinsk, Saratov, Samara pass through the regional center. Passengers today can travel from Orenburg without a transfer to St. Petersburg, Tashkent, Bishkek, Simferopol, Brest and Adler.

Orenburg station receives dozens of freight and passenger trains per day. Up to 5 thousand cars per day are processed daily. The station's technological processes are fully automated, communication systems have been updated, and the security system has been strengthened. The station operates 24 hours a day.

Suburban communication is carried out by commuter trains in the direction of Iletsk, Akbulak and Muraptalovo and by electric trains to the East to Orsk, Mednogorsk, Kuvandyk and Saraktash.

Air traffic. 25 kilometers from the city of Orenburg is the Orenburg International Airport named after. Yu.A. Gagarin. Transportation of passengers, baggage and cargo on international and Russian airlines on regular and charter flights.

The airport has organized border, customs and sanitary-quarantine control of persons and aircraft performing international flights.

Industrial potential. The basis of the economic potential of the city of Orenburg is made up of large and medium-sized industrial enterprises and small businesses. The register of economic entities in the city of Orenburg contains statistical and tax records of about 18 thousand economic entities of all forms of ownership.

The city has a developed diversified industry, which is represented by enterprises of all types of economic activity: food and flour and cereals, mechanical and instrument making, textile and clothing, chemical, construction and woodworking, oil and gas production and oil and gas refining.

The main industrial enterprises are: Gazprom Dobycha Orenburg LLC, Gazprom Neft Orenburg CJSC, Nedra-K LLC, Preobrazhenskneft JSC, Orenburg Bread Processing Plant OJSC, Khleboproduct-1 CJSC, Khleboproduct-2 CJSC , LLC "A7Agro - Orenburg Dairy Plant", OJSC "Orenburg Feed Mill, CJSC", JSC "PO "Strela", OJSC "Drilling Equipment Plant", OJSC ", OJSC "Gidropress", LLC "Orenburg Radiator", CJSC "Unichel- Orenburg, CJSC, OREN-ORS LLC, Orenburg branch of T Plus PJSC, branch of IDGC of Volga OJSC - Orenburgenergo, Orenburgoblgaz OJSC, Orenburg Vodokanal LLC, etc.

Over the past years, industrial production indicators have been characterized by only positive dynamics. The Orenburg economy is at the stage of sustainable development. Orenburg enterprises produce natural and associated gas and oil, including gas condensate, non-metallic building materials (sand, crushed stone and natural stone). Natural gas from the Orenburg region reaches many regions of Russia and Western European countries. Manufacturing enterprises operate stably. The consumer market of the city of Orenburg is more than 25% supplied with everyday goods of its own production from local agricultural raw materials.

Food industry enterprises produce a wide range of everyday products for the needs of the population of the city and nearby rural areas: flour and cereals from grains and legumes, bread and bakery products, whole milk products and confectionery, butter, soft drinks and beer. A significant volume of products is supplied to neighboring regions (Samara and Chelyabinsk regions, Republics of Tatarstan and Bashkortostan) and outside Russia (Republic of Kazakhstan).

The production of goods is accompanied by an expansion of the range of products, an improvement in their quality and an increase in competitiveness in the domestic and foreign markets.

Industrial goods produced in Orenburg - tractor and car radiators, inverters and electrical equipment, drilling equipment, the famous Orenburg down scarves - can be found not only in other regions of Russia, but also in many countries around the world.

The most important element in the development of the city’s economy is small and medium-sized businesses. The development of entrepreneurship contributes to the diversification of industrial production and saturation of the local market with goods and services. Small business is the most mobile instrument of the economy, responding to the slightest changes in market conditions and having a significant impact on the overall socio-economic development of the city.

More than 14 thousand small and medium-sized enterprises and more than 18 thousand entrepreneurs without forming a legal entity carry out production activities in the city.

Small and medium-sized enterprises and entrepreneurs produce a large share of everyday goods and provide paid services to the population in various areas.

Business entities are introducing high-tech production in the mechanical engineering, electrical and gas industries, including the use of nanotechnology and scientific developments of Orenburg scientists.

Consumer market and service sector. Orenburg has a wide network of stationary consumer market organizations. In the city, there are more than 2.5 thousand trade and public catering enterprises, more than 2.5 thousand organizations (with a reception network and branches) providing services to the population.

The consumer market of the city of Orenburg is of interest to many large retailers and chain trade operators who are looking for an opportunity to enter the markets of cities with a population of more than 500 thousand people. Currently, such giants of global and Russian trade as “METRO Cash & Carry”, “X5 Retail Group NV”, “Lenta”, “Magnit”, “Eldorado”, “M-Video” have entered the territory of the city of Orenburg. "Sportmaster" and others.

Orenburg food industry enterprises are developing their own network of branded stores in a “walking distance” format: “Summer Meadow”, “Hleboproduct-2”, Trade House “Saraktashsky Dairy”, etc.

In the city of Orenburg, representative offices of world-famous car manufacturers have been opened, such as: the official dealer of AUDI AG - "Audi Center Master", Mercedes-Benz - "Kaskad-Auto", BMW - "Beilin Motors Group", General Motors - "Vector-Auto" , Toyota Motor Corporation - Toyota Center Orenburg, Peugeot - Loire, Mazda - Rolf Ural, Hyundai - OrenRolf, Nissan - AST-Motors, Renault - Renom, etc. All representative offices have the territory of the city of Orenburg has its own service centers for car maintenance and repair.

Cultural heritage and tourism. Orenburg is an unusual city with a special destiny and culture, a rich history associated with great names and events. The city was created not only to develop trade relations with the countries of Central Asia, but also was a conductor of the Eurasian politics and culture of the Russian state. Orenburg has high potential for tourism development and is rightfully considered one of the cultural centers of the Southern Urals.

Orenburg is famous for its monumental sculptural monuments and compositions, each of which is original, unique and dear to residents and guests of Orenburg. This is one of the world's first monuments to V.I. Lenin (1925, sculptor V.V. Kozlov), monument to V.P. Chkalov (1953, sculptor I.A. Mendelevich), monument to A.S. Pushkin, opened on the 150th anniversary of the poet’s stay in Orenburg (1982, sculptor V.S. Stepanyan), monument-monument “To those who fell for the Soviet Motherland” (1973, sculptors Yu.L. Chernov, Yu.V. Aleksandrov), monument to Yuri Gagarin (1986, sculptor Yu.L. Chernov), monument to Leo Tolstoy (1994, sculptor Yu.A. Chernov), etc.

In Orenburg, unique cultural and art institutions carry out creative activities: Orenburg State Regional Drama Theater named after. M. Gorky, Orenburg State Regional Theater of Musical Comedy, Orenburg State Tatar Drama Theater named after. Mirhaidara Faizi, Orenburg Regional Puppet Theater, Orenburg Municipal Theater "Pierrot", Orenburg Regional Philharmonic. Residents and guests of the city can attend exciting concerts of the Russian song ensemble “Russian Expanse”, the Orenburg brass band, the municipal chamber choir, etc.

A good material sports and training base has been created in the city of Orenburg. There are multidisciplinary sports palaces and stadiums, physical training arenas and courts on the basis of which city, regional, all-Russian and international competitions are held.

Historical and cultural routes, extreme and sports tourism routes, hunting tours, and river rafting are popular among Russians and foreigners. Tourists from Austria, Germany, Belarus and others come for trophy hunting and fishing.

Orenburg annually hosts the Days of Japan, the Days of German Culture, and the International Film Festival “East-West. Classic & Avant-garde”, etc.

On the territory of the city of Orenburg there is an architectural monument of federal significance, the Caravanserai Complex, the Regional Museum of Local Lore, the Museum of the History of the City of Orenburg, the Museum of Fine Arts, the Memorial Complex-Museum “Salute, Victory!”, the Memorial Museum-Guardhouse of T. Shevchenko, etc.

A well-known object of business tourism has become the unique cultural complex “National Village” in Russia, attracting tourists from other regions of Russia, CIS countries and foreign countries.

In the city of Orenburg, temples and churches (St. Nicholas Cathedral, Pokrovskaya, Dmitrievskaya, St. John the Theologian, Holy Mother of God Lutheran, etc.), Husainiya, Suleymaniya, Caravanserai, Cathedral and others mosques have been preserved and restored for posterity.

Within transport accessibility from the city of Orenburg there are natural and man-made objects of world and Russian significance: the Buzuluksky forest, the salt lake “Razval”, the Iriklinskoye reservoir, the Guberlinsky mountains, the Kuvandyk ski resort, etc.

Caravanserai

Typically, a building with this name is intended to accommodate traders with goods. But in Orenburg this complex of buildings was provided for the comfort of the Bashkir military. The fact is that at the beginning of the 19th century, the governor of the Orenburg region decided to create a powerful military force. It included Bashkir military and Ural Cossacks.

As a step of respect for the religion of the Bashkirs, a mosque was built. Construction was carried out at the expense of the city budget, but the Muslims themselves helped prepare the materials. From 1837 to 1846, the complex was built under the leadership of Alexander Bryullov (brother of the famous artist Karl Bryullov ). It consisted of a mosque, a two-story building where the commander of the Bashkir army , a military office and various workshops. From 1865 to 1917 this building became the residence of the Orenburg Governor .

Interesting facts about Orenburg

Orenburg is the regional center of the Orenburg region. By the way, one of the largest in the Russian Federation. The city is located at the junction of continents and climatic zones, so locals often call it a bridge. After all, Orenburg connects Asia and Europe, plains and mountain ranges, steppes and forests. The area of ​​the region is 124 thousand square kilometers. It cannot be said that Orenburg is a tourist center, and the climate here is harsh, but the city has many attractions that may be of interest to guests and tourists.

The Orenburg region borders with Kazakhstan, Tatarstan, Samara and Saratov regions.

Of course, when talking about Orenburg, it is necessary to mention the main attraction of this region - the Orenburg downy scarf, famous throughout Russia and even beyond its borders. There are many legends about how this scarf appeared, but we will focus on the most plausible one. And the legend goes like this: the first Russian settlers were very surprised by how lightly the local population was dressed, despite the fact that the temperature was very low. It turned out that the secret lies in the scarf that the locals wore under their outerwear. It was very warm, without any patterns, and served the only purpose - to prevent the body from freezing. Russian needlewomen also adopted such a practical thing. But they decided to make scarves not only warm, but also beautiful. Soon, scarves made from the fluff of Orenburg goats, also with patterns printed on them, gained popularity throughout Russia. In the nineteenth century, the “Orenburg shawl” gained worldwide fame! Representatives of many European factories were interested in the region and the methodology for creating scarves. Later it became clear that goats exported from Orenburg to countries with warmer climates after two or three years produced fluff that was hardly different from usual, so the Europeans bought it here.

To give you an objective idea of ​​how popular Orenburg down and products made from it were, we will give an example from the life of one of the English factories, which at one time put the signature “imitation of Orenburg” on warm clothes, which meant exceptional thermal insulation qualities. Since the climate of Orenburg cannot be compared with that of Europe, we are talking more about the prestige of such a brand than about the need to have a very warm thing. The Orenburg scarf has survived a lot since that time, but the traditions of its making are preserved and passed on to children to this day. In Orenburg there is now a gallery of the history of the scarf, where the largest number of different samples of the product are presented, including the very first.

By the way, the Orenburg scarf perfectly protects not only from the cold, but also from fire. The goat fluff from which it is made has excellent sorption properties. Many stars who came to Moscow and other regions of Russia on tours and concerts, including Madonna, became owners of the “Orenburg celebrity”.

Purchasing a real Orenburg scarf is a good reason to visit this beautiful city!

Planetarium

The Orenburg Planetarium is 65 years old. It was the eighth planetarium in the country. Initially, during Soviet times, it was located in the building of the Caravanserai , and in the 1980s it was allocated another building.

From the very first minutes, visitors are immersed in the cosmic world. The hall where events take place is brightly decorated. Planets and various spacecraft are located under the ceiling. The windows also display children's works on space themes. The planetarium offers programs for both children and adults. Most of them take place in the form of lectures and films. Equipment with a rotating dome immerses the viewer in outer space. But if you want to watch a real solar eclipse, you will be asked to go to another room where a powerful telescope is installed. It can easily “deliver” you to the rings of Saturn or to the Milky Way .

Museum of Fine Arts

The Museum of Fine Arts consists of two buildings. The old building, classical style, was built in the 19th century by Mikhail Malakhov . It was intended for the city council and court. During Soviet times, a kindergarten was located here. The second building is modern, transferred to the museum’s collections in 2012.

For those who are interested in the fine arts of our country, visiting the museum will make many discoveries for themselves. Most of the collection is focused on the preservation and development of national culture. Part of the fund is occupied by works by Orenburg artists, as well as decorative and applied art of the Southern Urals .

Orenburg Governor's Museum

The appearance of this museum is due to the Orenburg military governor P.P. Sukhtelen . In the middle of the 19th century, he gathers representatives of the scientific world and sets before them the task of systematizing knowledge about the Southern Urals . By this time, the Orenburg region was poorly studied, all materials were scattered. It was supposed to unite them and create a regional museum telling about the botany, geology and zoology of the region.

Among the scientists was V.I. Dahl . He is appointed to the position of corresponding member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences . His tasks included studying the flora and fauna of the Orenburg region . Having lived for almost 10 years in the Southern Urals , he wrote the first textbooks in Russia on zoology and botany. , a “zoological museum” was formed in Orenburg , which laid the foundation for the local history museum . Today, its collection includes more than 100 thousand exhibits. Among them are works of craftsmen of the region, household items, costumes, musical instruments...

Orenburg Regional Drama Theater named after. M. Gorky

Orenburg Regional Drama Theater named after M. Gorky

Orenburg

The first city entrepreneur Boris Solovyov is called the founder of the Orenburg Theater - in 1856 he created a troupe of professional actors in Orenburg. At first, performances were given in the hall of the Noble Assembly; later, the stone arena of the Neplyuevsky School was equipped for the theater - a renovated building with an expanded stage and a rebuilt foyer opened in 1869.

The Orenburg Theater was one of the first in Russia to stage plays by Anton Chekhov - in 1898, the premiere of the play “The Seagull” took place here. Then productions based on the works of Maxim Gorky appeared in the repertoire - since 1932 the theater has been named after him.

People's Museum named after General M.G. Chernyaeva

This museum will be of interest to anyone who is interested in history, because it contains exhibits telling about the wars of the 19th-21st centuries. It is very symbolic that the museum is located in a building that was built by Japanese and German prisoners of war in 1948. This is one of the few museums where you can hold exhibits in your hands and take pictures with them.

An interesting object of the museum is the diorama “Berlin. 1945. May " . It was installed for the 70th anniversary of the victory. Standing next to her, the viewer is transported to the roof of the Reichstag and, as if together with our soldiers, sets up the red banner. The museum is open free of charge.

↑ 5. Sarmatian Deer

In 2010, another unique monument was erected on Sovetskaya, 15, which became a symbol of the region - the Sarmatian deer. The more than two-meter sculpture was an exact reproduction of a golden figurine of a deer found during excavations in the Ilek district (Orenburg region). Deer was a sacred animal among the Sarmatian Scythians, who inhabited the Orenburg steppes in the 5th-4th centuries BC. e.

↑ 6. Museum of Local Lore

The Orenburg Governor's Museum of History and Local Lore on Sovetskaya, 28 is one of the oldest museums in Russia. It was opened in 1831 by decree of the governor of Orenburg P.P. Sukhtelena. The history of the museum is very dramatic. Not having his own premises, he repeatedly moved from one building to another. In 1925, 9/10 of the museum’s exhibits were transferred to Kzyl-Orda, when it became the capital of Kazakhstan, replacing Orenburg. It was a kind of payoff for the return of the city to Russia.

The museum received permanent premises only in 1946. The mansion of merchant A.I. became his permanent home. Yenikuntseva is an architectural monument of the 19th century, erected by the architect G. Gopius in the style of late classicism.

↑ 7. Museum of Fine Arts

In Orenburg there is also a collection of artistic works and crafts related to the life of the region - the Orenburg Regional Museum of Fine Arts, housed in a classicist building of the early 19th century on Kashirin Lane, 29.

Built for the City Duma in 1814 according to the design of the architect M. Malakhov, the building was transferred to the Fine Arts Museum, which opened in 1961. The basis of the museum's collection, representing Russian art from the times of Ancient Rus' to the present, is a collection of works by the painter Lukian Popov, who was born and worked in Orenburg. A collection of Orenburg downy scarves, openwork webs and shawls was collected here.

↑ 8. City History Museum

Another historical and local history institution in Orenburg is the City History Museum, located on the embankment in the former building of the Treasury storeroom, and later the Guardhouse. In the 1970s, a monument to the sitting A.S. was erected in front of the museum. Pushkin, who traveled around the Orenburg province in 1833. The opening of the museum took place in 1983 - on the date of the 240th anniversary of the founding of the city.

↑ 9. Water tower

A historical and architectural landmark of the city is the water tower of the early twentieth century, standing at the intersection of Pobeda Avenue, 14/1 with Zhukova Street. This 28-meter tower was erected by architect I.V. Ryangin in 1927 on the site of an earlier construction (1904) to purify city water. After the construction of Pobeda Avenue in the 60s with new five-story residential buildings, the tower ceased to be used for its intended purpose. Today it houses offices, a bar and a cafe.

↑ 10. Temple of the Tabyn Icon of the Mother of God

Orenburg is also interesting for its sacred architectural buildings, both Orthodox and Muslim. The Icon of the Tabyn Mother of God is considered the patroness of the Orenburg Cossack army and the Ural region as a whole. On the street On January 9, 1a in Orenburg there is a church erected in her honor.

↑ 11. Caravanserai Mosque

The Orenburg historical and architectural complex Caravanserai was built in 1837-1846 to house the office of the Bashkir troops, hotels for Bashkirs serving or visiting Orenburg, outbuildings for their needs, and a school with workshops for Bashkir children. To provide the Bashkirs with the opportunity to pray, according to the design of A. Bryullov, an octagonal mosque in the form of a Bashkir yurt with a 38-meter minaret was erected. During Soviet times, the mosque housed a planetarium. Since 1993, the mosque was transferred to the use of Muslim believers and is operational.

↑ 12. Cultural complex “National Village”

Orenburg is a multinational city. It is home to about 100 different nationalities. You can get acquainted with their culture and traditions in the National Village complex, located in the park named after. Gagarin. Here on one street there are original architectural examples of different ethnic farmsteads: Armenian, Bashkir, Mordovian, German, Russian, Ukrainian, Tatar, Chuvash. Inside each of the farmsteads you can taste dishes of one or another national cuisine, attend a presentation of folk costume, life and literature. A visit to the complex will be especially educational for children.

↑ 13. Poplar Park

You can visit other parks in Orenburg with children - for example, the Topol city park on the street. Postnikov, which is positioned as family-friendly. It offers a wide variety of children's attractions: “Roller Coaster”, “Airport”, “Air Hockey”, “Kangaroo” trampoline, “Railroad”, “Bells”, “Swans”, “Water Balloons”, “Boats”, “ Orbit”, “Solnyshko”, shooting ranges, including paintball and many others. And from the 31-meter-high Ferris wheel you can see Orenburg from a bird's eye view.

↑ 14. Garden named after. Frunze

In 1948, at the intersection of modern Burzyantsev, Kirov, Pushkinskaya and Chicherin streets, a garden named after. Frunze, connecting the old city with the suburbs. Previously, the Chernorechensky Garden was founded on this site in 1936, but during the war the green spaces disappeared. In 1973, the garden was reconstructed. In 2005, an open-air museum “Salute, Victory!” was opened in the garden, a visit to which will be interesting for both adults and children.

The garden is decorated with iron tulips and the St. George ribbon, and the Eternal Flame is located in its center. On the territory of the memorial complex, visitors can see monuments (“Come back with victory”), Soviet military and agricultural equipment: semi-trucks, tractors, a steam locomotive, mortars, anti-tank guns, a MiG-17 aircraft, tanks and even an intercontinental ballistic missile weighing 211 tons and more than 30 meters long.

↑ 15. People's Museum of Defenders of the Fatherland

In Orenburg on the street. Zwillinga, 92 in a building built by Japanese and German prisoners of war in 1948, there is the Museum of Defenders of the Fatherland. General Chernyaev. It received the name “folk” because its exhibition is replenished with the efforts of caring enthusiasts from the people, residents and guests of the city, and museum workers. The museum, opened in 2010, introduces visitors to the heroic pages of the history of Russia and the region in the 19th-21st centuries.