Rasskazovo, Tambov region, Russia

This term has other meanings, see Rasskazovo (meanings).

City
Rasskazovo
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52°40′00″ n. w. 41°53′00″ E. village HGYAOCountryRussiaFederal SubjectTambov RegionCity District town of RasskazovoHeadKolmakov Alexey NikolaevichHistory and geographyFounded in 1697First mention1697City since 1926Area36.12 km²Height of the center150 mTime zoneUTC+3:00PopulationPopulation↘42,293[1] people (2021)Density1170.9 people/km²Katoykonimstories tsy, storyteller Digital identifiers Telephone code +7 47531 Postal code 393250 OKATO code 68425 OKTMO code 68725000001g31.tambov. gov.ru Rasskazovo

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Tambov

Rasskazovo

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Rasskazovo

- a city (since 1926[2]) in the Tambov region of Russia.
The administrative center of the Rasskazovsky district, which is not included, being an administrative-territorial unit of a city of regional significance, forming the municipal formation of the same name, the urban district of the city of Rasskazovo
[3].

Founded as a rural settlement in 1697[4].

City `s history

At the turn of the 17th-18th centuries, large villages arose on the territory of the present Rasskazovsky district: Rasskazovo, Verkhnespasskoye, Koptevo, Podosklyai, Nizhnespasskoye, Sayukino, Dmitrievshchina, Tatarshchino, in the 18th century - Nikolskoye, Rozhdestvenskoye, Khitrovo, Akhtyrka, Kobylinka (Kotovskoye), Osinovka, Novgorodovka (Betiny farm), Alekseevka, Lipovka, Kersha, in the 19th century - Picher, Platonovka, Ivanovka, Kamennye Ozerki, Teleshovka, Bogoslovka, Mozharovka, Nadezhdino.

The village of Rasskazovo has been known since 1697[5]; then the Morshan peasant Stepan Andreevich Rasskaz (Vodyanov) received a royal charter to found this settlement. The first inhabitants of the village were mainly peasants from the Tambov villages of Kulikovo and Morsha.

In the 18th - early 20th centuries, Rasskazovo was famous for its handicraft industries: knitting stockings, tanning leather, producing candles and soap. The sheepskin and fur trade was developed in the surrounding villages. By 1744, the Demidov distillery was operating. In 1754, factory production of cloth arose in Rasskazovo - at the factory of Tulinov and Olesov.

In 1774, near the village, tsarist troops defeated the rebel detachment of Ataman Ivan Kirpichnikov.

At the end of the 18th century, Emperor Paul I granted about three thousand village peasants to the Arkharov brothers - Ivan and Nikolai. The cloth factory of I.P. Arkharov in Rasskazov was then one of the largest in Russia. In the middle of the 19th century, there were cloth factories here: Arkharov, Ragozy (Arzhen factory), Malin and Poltoratsky factories (Bogoslovsky factories), 60 tanneries, two potash factories, a fair, a bazaar, and a postal station. There was an active grain trade, which noticeably weakened after the construction of the Tambovo-Kamyshinskaya railway line; At this time, the main items of trade were cattle, raw leather, and locally produced boots.

By the end of the 19th century, Rasskazovo was a large commercial and industrial center of the Tambov province (four cloth factories, a felt establishment, a distillery, as well as small tanneries, a soap factory, a steam mill and other enterprises). In total in 1913 there were about six thousand workers.

At the beginning of the 20th century there was also a postal and telegraph office, a telephone network, a zemstvo hospital, hospitals at the factories of the Aseev and Munda brothers, an emergency room at the Zheltov factory, a pharmacy, shelters for orphans and the elderly, Medvedev's electric theater, a network of zemstvo, parish and factory schools Since the 19th century, Rasskazovo has been a major center of Orthodox sectarianism: Christian Believers (Khlysty), Molokans, Subbotniks[6].

At the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries, Rasskazovo was one of the centers of musical life in the province (I. Kryuchenkov’s choir, the Aseev brothers’ theater).

Rasskazovo has had the status of a city since 1926[6]. On May 4, 1943 it received the status of a city of regional subordination[7].

The modern city of Rasskazovo is an industrial satellite city of Tambov.

Rasskazovo

Village Rasskazovo

The first settlers on the territory of the modern city of Rasskazovo appeared at the end of the 17th century. “Children of the boyars” received plots of land on the banks of Lesnoy Tambov for faithful public service. And by the end of the 18th century, all the land given as a reward for service belonged to a dozen small landowners. The founder of the city is considered to be the peasant Stepan Rasskaz. Despite his low origins, Stepan was considered a very rich man. He managed to obtain a plot of fertile land next to the estates of the “nobles.” The story founded a settlement called Lesnoy Tambov.

The first mention of this village dates back to documentation from 1699. At the beginning of the 18th century, the village received a double name - Lesnoy Tambov, Rasskazovo also. The village grew quickly due to its favorable location, the presence of a river and a forest. Even the destructive raids of the Kalmyks could not prevent the growth of the settlement. Since 1704, palace peasants from Ryazan, Moscow and Tula districts began to be resettled in the village. After the Church of the Holy Apostle and Evangelist John the Theologian was built in Rasskazovo, the village became a village and received its third name - Theological. The names Lesnoy Tambov and Bogoslovskoye did not catch on, as they were not unique. The name Rasskazovo (or Rasskazovshchina) was assigned to the settlement.

Rasskazovo was considered a large village. According to the census of 1719, 3.5 thousand people lived in it. Since the palace peasants were obliged to pay taxes to the treasury, crafts and agriculture intensively developed in Rasskazovo, which, in turn, led to the development of trade. Rasskazovsky peasants regularly exported meat, bread, livestock, livestock products, etc. to Tambov fairs. In the second half of the 18th century, the annual Peter's Fair opened in Rasskazovo itself.

Industrial development of the village in the 18th century

The favorable location of Rasskazovo attracted “trading people”. The first industrial enterprises appeared in the village already in the middle of the 18th century, while in other, larger settlements of the Russian Empire, industrial development was observed mainly in the 19th century. The first enterprise of Rasskazovo was a distillery built by the Moscow merchant Afanasy Demidov. Mentions of this plant can be found in documents dating back to 1744. The company did not last long and closed after the death of its founder. In those same years, independent settlements began to form on the left bank of Lesnoy Tambov: Tulyany (Big and Small), Bogoslovka, Kurilovka, Salmanovka.

In 1754, Voronezh merchants Olesov and Tulinov received the right to build a cloth factory in the village of Bogoslovka. The construction of factory workshops began on the left bank of the river. A cloth and knitting factory stands on this site today. In addition to textile production, a glass factory appeared on Rasskovskaya land. Olesov and Tulinov were considered quite progressive owners. Both came from factory workers, so they well understood the needs of enterprise workers. Houses were built for the workers of both factories. Enterprise employees had the opportunity to receive education and use the services of a doctor. The owners paid workers sick benefits. Olesov and Tulinov quickly found a common language with the local residents. Factory workers respected their employers.

Pugachev revolt

In 1774, the residents of Rasskazovo faced a serious test - the Pugachev riot. Every day, Pugachev’s henchmen came closer to Tambov, practically encountering no resistance. In August 1774, one of the rebel detachments approached Rasskazovo and set up camp. The detachment was awaiting reinforcements for further actions. Many Tambov residents left the city upon learning of Pugachev’s approach. Residents of Rasskazovo also felt uneasy. They understood that the Pugachevites would plunder their farms. The factory owners were also afraid of the rebels' actions. Tulinov and Olesov decided to use a trick to avoid aggression from the Pugachevites. The manufacturers sent gifts to the rebel camp. Then they invited the best fighters to the village and promised to swear allegiance to the “sovereign.” At the same time, a peasant militia was created in Rasskazovo. A small military team was dispatched from Tambov.

On August 21, the best fighters of the detachment and their leader Kirpichnikov arrived in the village, where they were given a hospitable reception. Then a magnificent feast was organized in the courtyard of the cloth factory. At night, the drunken Pugachevites were captured. The rest of the squad tried to come to the aid of their comrades. However, the bridge collapsed in front of the rebels. They opened fire on the Pugachevites. The prisoners were sent to Tambov, and all their property went to the factory owners. The descendants of Olesov and Tulinov were awarded titles of nobility for their loyalty in serving the fatherland of the founders of Rasskazov enterprises.

Rasskazovo at the end of the 18th – beginning of the 19th century

At the end of the 18th century, Rasskavsky land was granted to the Arkharov brothers. Most of the village of Rasskazovo found itself in serfdom. In 1801, some peasants were resettled to a new location. Thus, new settlements were founded: the villages of Ivanovka and Nikolskoye. The Arkharovs founded a park in Rasskazovo (today the City Garden) and built an estate. Dams and mills were built in the village. A cloth factory was erected on the site of the modern Biochemical Plant.

At the turn of the 18th–19th centuries, significant changes took place in Bogoslovka. The factories of Olesov and Tulinov were bought by Matvey Malin, whose son married Tulinov’s daughter. In 1811, Alexander Poltoratsky moved to Rasskazovo. His son married Tulinov's granddaughter. Malina merchants owned the factory until 1858. From their surname came the name of one of the microdistricts of the modern city. Several generations of the Poltoratskys lived in Rasskazovo, who were not only landowners and factory owners. Some representatives of the Poltoratsky family held government positions.

Nikolai Arkharov died in 1814. A year later, his brother Ivan died. The estate went to Ivan’s daughter and his granddaughter. However, the heiresses preferred to live in St. Petersburg, where they led an idle and luxurious life. They refused to manage the estate, seeing nothing in Rasskazovo other than a source of constant and considerable income (village residents were subject to new taxes every year). In 1836, Ivan Arkharov’s daughter, Marya, dies. The estate, which was in decline by that time, passed on to her son. A guardianship council was established over the estate. Residents of Rasskazovo turned to the tsar with a petition to return them to the state department.

Second half of the 19th century

In 1852, Rasskazovo again had a private owner. The estate was bought by Lieutenant Alexander Antsiferov. The new owner was extremely cruel. He wanted to establish his own order in the village. The Rasskazovites, despite their serfdom, are accustomed to living freely, according to their own laws. They didn't like the new owner. Antsiferov lived on the estate for only 3 years, and then was shot. Burmistr Antsiferov was stabbed to death.

After the death of Alexander Antsiferov, the estate was divided between his sisters: Maria Bulgakova, Evgenia Mosolova and Tatyana Vetchinina-Picher. Maria's heir was her son Alexander Bulgakov. After the death of his mother, he begins to establish a household. Horse and sheep breeding farms, a mill, a winery, and an orchard appeared in Alexander's possessions. In the 1860s, the annual Theological Fair was established on the Bulgakov estate, held on the territory of today's stadium and market. In 1912, Alexander divided his possessions between his heirs, and died a few years later.

In the List of populated places of the Tambov province, according to information from 1862, Rasskazovo is listed as the owner's village of Razskazovo

Tambov district near the Arzhinka and Tambovka rivers. The village had 704 houses and 4,866 residents of both sexes - 2,401 males and 2,465 females; there were an Orthodox church, a fair, a postal station, a cloth factory, 2 potash factories and 60 tanneries. On Sundays, markets were held in the village.

In 1861, serfdom was abolished. Peasants begin to unite into societies. This is how the 1st and 2nd Ragozinsky, Poltoratsky, Bibikovsky and Bulgakovsky societies appeared. Rasskazvo becomes the center of the volost of the same name. Liberation from serfdom led to the rapid development of trade and crafts in the Rasskazovskaya volost. New enterprises are beginning to open, attracting workers from other volosts. The population is constantly growing. The village is gradually turning into a large industrial center of the Tambov province. Until 1917, 13 new schools were built in the volost, and literacy courses for adults appeared. Hospitals and pharmacies are opening. At the end of the 1880s, electricity was installed in the parish. In Rasskazovo itself, several consumer, insurance and credit societies operated, and branches of various banks were opened. Public organizations appeared in the village, for example, a fire brigade. Libraries and theaters opened.

Early 20th century

At the beginning of the twentieth century, Rasskazovo continued its development: a telephone and cinema appeared in the village. During the First World War, evacuation hospitals operated on the territory of the volost. The population of the village and volost grew steadily. By the revolutionary year of 1917 it had increased to 27 thousand people. Back in the 19th century, leather, grain, wine and other manufactories were founded in Rasskazovo, which attracted new residents to the village. The industrial growth of Rasskazovo worried Tambov factory owners, who were afraid of competition. Tambov industrialists did everything possible to ensure that railway construction bypassed Rasskazovo. At the beginning of the twentieth century, thanks to the efforts of Rasskav merchants, a narrow-gauge railway was built into the village, along which steam locomotives moved to one of the local factories.

The literacy of the population of Rasskazovo has always been at a high level. This fact can be considered one of the peculiarities of the village, since in many, even quite large settlements of the Russian Empire, there were few literate people. The second, no less interesting feature of Rasskazovo was its religious composition. One-sixth of the village consisted of sectarians: Subbotniks, Khlysty, Molokans, etc.

The beginning of the new century brought many trials to the residents of Rasskazovo. The war with Japan and several years of poor harvests led to sharp increases in food prices. Working conditions at local enterprises were very difficult. In 1905, the first strikes began. Uprisings and pogroms were avoided thanks to the timely intervention of government troops. Factory owners made significant concessions: workers' wages were increased, construction of new housing for factory workers began, and workshops began to be renovated at enterprises.

Revolution and civil war

The concessions made by the factory owners did not reduce the number of dissatisfied people among the proletariat. The news of the February revolution brought hopes for an improvement in life. The storytellers were inspired, which led to an increase in social activity. However, by autumn the euphoria gradually wears off. The population lost confidence in the new government. Strikes began.

The October Revolution was greeted by residents of Rasskazovskaya volost quite indifferently. People have already become disillusioned with the revolution. Nationalized enterprises were gradually closed, which led to a sharp increase in the number of unemployed. Stores were emptying, and the rise in food prices did not stop. In May 1918, a rebellion broke out in the volost. The Red Army detachment was disarmed, its commanders were killed. The parish council was dissolved. On the night of May 23, military personnel arrived from Tambov. A huge number of residents of Rasskazovo were arrested and then shot.

Riots and unrest in Rasskazovo itself and the volost did not subside even after the arrests and executions. The erroneous food policy of the new government led to the complete ruin of the peasants, who died en masse from hunger. In 1920, a new uprising broke out under the leadership of Alexander Antonov, the former chief of the Kirsanovsky district police. The first attempts to capture Rasskazovo were unsuccessful. It was possible to take the village only in 1921. After the village was captured, the population of Rasskazovo attacked the food warehouses left by the Red Army soldiers. Antonov freed the concentration camp prisoners, took several hundred prisoners, and then left Rasskazovo.

The news that the village had been captured displeased Lenin. Vladimir Ilyich was well acquainted with the industrial potential of Rasskazovo, which he wrote about more than once in his works. On Lenin's initiative, additional military forces were sent to the Tambov province. It was necessary to create a special army to combat the constantly spreading banditry. A few months later, the peasant uprising was brutally suppressed.

City status

The revolution and the civil war that followed brought only destruction and devastation to the village of Rasskazovo. The population in Rasskazovo decreased to 17 thousand people. It was only in 1923 that the main Rasskazovsky enterprises were able to organize their work. However, they were unable to reach the pre-revolutionary level of production. Of the thirteen Rasskav schools, only five were able to resume work. During the years of the revolution and civil war, schools were closed, as teachers were considered counter-revolutionaries and equated with kulaks and clergy. One of the clearest evidence of the destructiveness of revolutionary and military upheavals is the opening of five orphanages (before the revolution there was only one). In 1923, Rasskazovo was equated to urban-type settlements. City status was granted in December 1926.

The economic development of the city increased significantly under the NEP. Numerous unions, cooperatives, trusts and artels begin to work in Rasskazovo. However, relative economic prosperity lasted only until the early 30s. In the 1930s, a decree was issued to liquidate such enterprises. Many workers and organizers of trusts and artels were repressed.

In 1930, a radio center appeared in Rasskazovo. Then a club theater named after S. Kirov was built. By 1937, the water supply system was completed. The narrow gauge road was replaced by a wide gauge one. From the early 20s to the 30s, several churches were closed in Rasskazovo and surrounding settlements: some were used for household needs, others were destroyed. Church cemeteries were also closed or desecrated. Military actions prevented the complete destruction of the Church of St. John the Theologian. The church was only partially dismantled. Since 1945, services have resumed here. In 1947, the church was consecrated again.

The Great Patriotic War

Thousands of residents of Rasskazovo went to the front in 1941 to defend their homeland from the Nazi invaders. During the war years, mostly women worked in city enterprises. Residents of the city sent parcels with clothes and tobacco to the front, and collected money for the creation of new military equipment. Several evacuation hospitals were opened in Rasskazov and its environs.

The enterprises had to work around the clock. The Arzhen factory was able to deliver 10 tons of yarn in April 1943. Members of the Pyatiletka artel decided to build the aircraft at their own expense. By the end of the year, the artel planned to save 500 thousand decimeters of leather. Artel "Energy" produced unscheduled products worth 10 thousand rubles. The products were donated to the Red Army Fund. In November 1944, fundraising began for the construction of torpedo boats, which were to be called “Rasskazovsky Komsomolets”. In just one day, at least seventy thousand rubles were collected. Then, in a matter of days, more than three hundred thousand rubles were collected. During the 4 years of the war, the storytellers contributed more than 4 million rubles to the Red Army fund.

Life in the city during the war years was not easy. Prices have increased significantly. Manufactured goods and food products could only be purchased using cards. However, the standards issued were not enough. The state provided support to those most in need. For example, military families were given benefits worth 6 million rubles over 4 years. Pensions worth 3 million rubles were paid to disabled veterans of the Patriotic War. In addition, single and large mothers received benefits. In addition to money, those in need were given shoes and clothing.

Despite the difficulties of wartime, city enterprises continued to produce products. It was during the war years that Rasskazovo began to be considered a major industrial center. There was a need to separate the city into an independent administrative-territorial unit. In May 1943, Rasskazovo was classified as a city of regional subordination.

Post-war years

After the end of the war, 10 of the best fighters of the city and region received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. In peacetime, it began with the restoration of the national economy. Over the several post-war decades, many new enterprises opened in the city, which became known not only in the region and country, but also abroad. As at the beginning of the twentieth century, the city is becoming a rapidly developing industrial center. Some of the enterprises that opened in the pre- and post-war years have already closed: the low-voltage equipment plant, the Arzhensky cloth factory, the Rasskazovskaya cloth factory, the knitting factory and others.

More than a dozen secondary, vocational and specialized schools and colleges appeared on the territory of Rasskazovo. New kindergartens and nurseries are opening. 2 recreation parks were opened in the city. Almost every enterprise had its own club, stadium or sports complex. Most streets in the city now have asphalt and lighting. The population increased to fifty thousand people.

In the early 90s, the devastation of the Civil War returned to Rasskazovo. Many businesses, schools, hospitals and kindergartens were closed. City recreation areas and parks gradually turned into dumping grounds. Most of the architectural monuments were destroyed. Despite the fact that the “dashing 90s” are long gone, the city has still not managed to overcome the consequences of the economic crisis.

Geography

Physiographic location

Located in the central part of the Oka-Don (Tambov) plain, on the Lesnoy Tambov River (right tributary of the Tsna), at the confluence of the Arzhenka River: 10 km from the South-Eastern Railway Platonovka railway station, and approximately the same distance from the former Rasskazovo station (currently closed; now it is the Rasskazovo stopping point on the Rada - Platonovka section, 40 km east of Tambov).

Time zone

The city operates on Moscow time, time zone MSK (UTC+3)[8].

Climate

The city has a temperate continental climate, with moderately cold, snowy winters and warm, fairly humid summers. The minimum amount of precipitation falls in March and averages 31 mm. The greatest amount of precipitation falls in July - an average of 67 mm. The hottest month of the year is July, with an average temperature of +20.2 °C. The coldest month is January with an average temperature of −9.8 °C[9].

Tambov antiquity. City of Rasskazovo

Rasskazovo is a city in the Tambov region, located on the Lesnoy Tambov River (the right tributary of the Tsna), at the confluence of the Arzhenka River, 40 km east of Tambov.
More than three centuries ago, at the very end of the 17th century, “beyond the Tsna forest in the open steppe” the first settlers appeared. For faithful service to the sovereign, the “children of the boyars,” single-dvortsev and other service people along the banks of Lesnoy Tambov and its numerous streams began to be allocated plots of land to estates, endowing them with peasant households. By the beginning of the 18th century, the left bank of the Lesnaya Tambov River (the territory of the entire modern Malshina) already belonged to a dozen small landowners: for example, Prokofy Emelyanov was granted land in 1698, and Nikita and Pyotr Mironov in 1699.

At the same time, the main founder of our city appeared from whose surname he later received his name. No later than 1698, the lands between the right bank of Lesnoy Tambov and the left bank of the Arzhenka were granted for settlement and farming by the “great sovereign of the palace peasants Stepan Andreev, nicknamed Roskaz with the goods.” Being one of the richest people of his time in the Tambov region, the peasant Stepan Rasskaz managed to get a huge plot of fertile land at his disposal. The settlement he founded was first mentioned in archival documents under the name of the village of Lesnoy Tambov in January 1699 (unfortunately, the land allotment letter itself has not yet been found). The first streets of the new village were built at the confluence of the Arzhenka and L. Tambov rivers on the site of the current streets of Kirov (Pronyovshchina), Kremlevskaya (Lower Tambovskaya) and Tambovskaya (Upper Tambovskaya).

At the beginning of the 18th century, after the surname of the founder, the village received a second name - Lesnoy Tambov, Rasskazovo also. Due to its extremely convenient location: forest, fertile lands, a large river, the Khopyorskaya (Cossack) road, the village becomes an attractive place for settlers and is growing rapidly. And this was not even prevented by the devastating raids on the Tambov district by bands of Bulavins, Nekrasov Kalmyks, and others. Beginning in 1704, palace peasants from the Moscow, Tula and Ryazan districts were transferred to the village. Between 1714-1719, the Church of the Holy Apostle and Evangelist John the Theologian was built in Rasskazovo, because of which the village acquired a third name - Bogoslovskoye. However, neither the name Lesnoy Tambov nor Bogoslovskoe took root, since there were several similar villages, so only Rasskazovo remained.

During the first revision of 1719 (peasant census), about 3,500 people lived on the Rasskazovsky lands. Agricultural and handicraft production and, as a consequence, trade are developing in Rasskazovo. Peasants are engaged in raising grain, livestock, beekeeping, forestry and woodworking, processing livestock products - wool, leather, manufacturing and much more. The storytellers take their items to the fair in Tambov. In Rasskazovo itself, a weekly bazaar soon also began operating, and in the second half of the 18th century, the annual Petrovskaya Fair opened (June 29). It is precisely to its original existence as a palace, and not a landowner's estate (as of 1765, there was an administration for palace estates in the village) that Rasskazovo owes its future industrial and commercial development. Thanks to its favorable location, developing trade relations, and a large number of enterprising and hard-working people, the village attracts large merchants. The first industrial enterprise in Rasskazovo - a distillery - was opened by Moscow merchant Afanasy Nikitovich Demidov. In 1754, the families of the Voronezh merchant Vasily Tulinov (he directed his son Yakov to own and manage the factory) and Pavel Olesov (the factory soon passed to his son Mikhail) were given the privilege to establish a factory cloth production in the village of Bogoslovka. Having purchased land from several theological single-yard owners, the merchants built factory workshops on the banks of Lesnoy Tambov. After a significant increase in production in the 1760s, the factories were finally divided into two independent enterprises (today they are replaced by a knitting and cloth factory). Also, next to the factory, M. Olesov opened a small glass factory. Tulinov and Olesov, who themselves came from factory workers, were quite progressive owners: houses were built for workers, a doctor was prescribed, sick benefits were paid, and those who wanted were taught to read and write. Tambov governor and poet G.R. visits exemplary factories. Derzhavin. Today, fragments of a house built by Vasily Yakovlevich Tulinov in 1789 have been partially preserved in Rasskazovo.

In 1774, the Rasskazovites faced a serious test. The Pugachev uprising, which raged from the Volga to the Urals, reached the Tambov region, in the east of which rebel detachments and local bandits ruled unhindered. Every day the Pugachevites inexorably approached Tambov, encountering virtually no resistance. In August, a large detachment of the prominent chieftain Ivan Kirpichnikov camped near Rasskazovo in the Soulless Bush, awaiting reinforcements for a further campaign. Many Tambov residents, having learned about this, fled the city. It was also restless in Rasskazovo, whose free residents understood perfectly well that their handicrafts, factories, farms, and factories would be ruined and plundered by the rebels.

Tulinov and Olesov understood this best of all, who quickly found a common language with the rest of the storytellers (it was not in vain that they helped their workers). The manufacturers knew that they would not be able to cope with the Cossacks in open battle and decided to use a trick. The Pugachevites were sent gifts to the Soulless Bush and invited their best fighters to the village, promising to swear allegiance to Emperor Peter III. At the same time, a peasant militia was created in Rasskazov and a small military team with weapons was sent from Tambov. On August 21, Kirpichnikov and seven dozen Cossacks arrived in Rasskazovo, where they were greeted with bread and salt and the ringing of bells. A magnificent feast was held in the yard of the cloth factory. In the dead of night, the drunken Pugachevites were captured. In front of their comrades who were trying to free them, they collapsed the bridge, fired at them, drove them back into the forest and completely destroyed them. According to legend, the battle was led by the clerk of the local church. The prisoners were sent to Tambov, and the winners received a rich convoy, several cannons, rifles and 300 Cossack pikes. The descendants of Tulinov and Olesov were promoted to the nobility for their faithful service. At the end of the 18th century, the free life of the Rasskazovtsy came to an end (the territory and inhabitants of modern Malshchina from the very beginning were in the serfdom of many small and medium-sized landowners). Emperor Paul I, by decree of April 25, 1797, granted the brothers Ivan and Nikolai Arkharov, who had fallen out of favor, Rasskavsky land and serf souls, sending them into provincial exile. Nikolai Petrovich received 2,000 male souls, and Ivan - 800 (that is, about 6,000 people in total). With one stroke of the highest pen, most of Rasskazov fell into serfdom.

Settling in Rasskazovo, the brothers laid out a park (now it is the City Garden) and built a manor house, which, although having lost its original appearance after numerous reconstructions by subsequent owners (Antsiferov, Mosolova, Zheltov), ​​has been preserved. The Arkharovs set up mills and dams in Rasskazovo. After Ivan returned to St. Petersburg, Nikolai in 1812 opened a cloth factory on the site of the current Biochemical Plant, and during the war with Napoleon, he fielded 500 horse warriors at his own expense.

House of Arkharov

House of Arkharov

Since 1796, he begins to transfer his peasants from the village. Bogorodsky, Nizhny Novgorod province in Rasskazovo Vasily Sergeevich Sheremetev.

Significant changes also took place in Bogoslovka at the turn of the 18th-19th centuries - the Tulinov and Olesov factories were bought by Matvey Alekseevich Malin (in 1798), who married his son Matvey to V.Ya. Tulinov’s daughter Ekaterina, and moved to Rasskazovo after his resignation in 1811, Alexander Markovich Poltoratsky (who also soon married his son Alexander with his first marriage to the granddaughter of V.Ya. Tulinov - Elizaveta Andreevna, with his second marriage Poltoratsky married the lyceum lover of A.S. Pushkin, Ekaterina Bakunina). It is after the surname of the Malin merchants, who owned a cloth factory until 1858, that one of today’s Rasskazovsky microdistricts bears its name.

Having appeared in Rasskazovo, Poltoratsky begins to settle in on a grand scale. In Bogoslovka, he buys the Olest order, demolishes the glass factory, completely rebuilds and renovates the cloth factory and builds a stone house for himself. Poltoratsky also massively buys up a lot of land and peasants: from Elena Salmanova, the village of Salmanovka, from the Arkharovs and their heirs, lands on the right bank of Lesnoy Tambov, renaming them the village of Bugry, lands on the bank of Arzhenka - renaming them to the village of Arzhenka (Arzhenka was later acquired by Irina Vitkovskaya), as well as the village of Ivanovka-Grachevka. Alexander Markovich built several dozen houses for his peasants, and in 1824 he erected the Trinity Church in Bolshaya Bogoslovka.

Poltoratsky's dacha

Poltoratsky's dacha

Four generations of the Poltoratsky family lived in Rasskazovo, who were not only landowners and factory owners, but also occupied bureaucratic positions - for example, the last of the Poltoratskys, Alexander Alexandrovich, was the zemstvo chief of the 2nd section for many years. His wife, Ekaterina Ivanovna, both before and after the revolution, was engaged in cultural education of local residents and teaching music. Today, what remains from the Poltoratskys in Rasskazovo is a manor house on the street. Nekrasov, a country house on the opposite bank of L. Tambov (although these buildings were built in the second half of the 19th century; in the first house of A.M. Poltoratsky there was a factory hospital before the revolution), and the half-abandoned grave of Ekaterina Ivanovna in the central cemetery.

Nikolai Arkharov died in 1814, followed by his brother Ivan in 1815. The huge estate goes to Marya Ivanovna Postnikova, the daughter of Ivan Petrovich and his granddaughter M.F. Kokoshkina (an aunt who died earlier). Difficult times begin in Rasskazovo - the heiresses do not take care of the housework, live in St. Petersburg, lead a luxurious life, every year imposing more and more taxes on the Rasskazovites. After the death of Maria Postnikova in 1836, her estate, left to her son Ivan, fell into disrepair and a guardianship council was established over it. All this causes unrest among the peasants, who in 1837 petition Nicholas I to return them to the state department. Just in case, a military team is sent to Rasskazovo.

Despite serfdom, the Rasskazov peasants, who do not have large land plots, continue to develop handicrafts and trade. A significant part of the population trades at local bazaars and fairs, as well as in neighboring villages and towns. Every year more and more shops, taverns, warehouses, bakeries, workshops, and mills open. Rasskazovo has the best market for selling cattle in the province. In the 1840s, the Rasskazovskaya fair had the largest daily turnover within the Tambov province. It was at this time that all the most famous Rasskazovsky merchant dynasties began to earn their capital.

In the 1820s, due to dilapidation, the old Church of St. John the Theologian was dismantled and a small temporary church of Dmitry of Rostov was opened in its place. However, due to a lack of funds (there are no major philanthropists in Rasskazovo yet, and its landowners live far away), the construction of a new temple stops before it has even begun. The money allocated by the diocese and local donors was only enough to rebuild the Dmitrov Church in stone in 1840.

By the middle of the 19th century, changes were taking place in Rasskazov again. In 1852, the Postnikovs’ estate was bought by Lieutenant Alexander Aleksandrovich Antsiferov and tried to restore economic order in his own way with a harsh hand. All this could not please the peasants, who were accustomed to living by their own rules. Over time, the name of Antsiferov became overgrown among the people with terrible legends about his extreme cruelty and voluptuousness, although he only managed to live in Rasskazovo for two years. On October 3, 1854, Antsiferov was shot by Philip Frolovich Shmakov, who did not want to join the recruits and go to the outbreak of the Crimean War. A similar fate befell the mayor Antsiferov Efimov, who was stabbed to death by the peasant Nikitin.

After Antsiferov’s death, the estate was divided by his three sisters: Evgenia Mosolova (who also earned the nickname “Raskazov’s Saltychikha” among the people for her tough disposition) went to her brother’s house, a cloth factory and land in the area of ​​​​present-day Chibizovka, Tatyana Vetchinina Picher and Gorelovka, and the children of the deceased Maria Bulgakova - the central part of Rasskazovo with the market square. Maria's grown-up son, Alexander Mikhailovich Bulgakov, managed to establish an exemplary economy with horse and sheep breeding farms, an orchard and winery, a mill, rich agricultural economy and forest land. In 1862, a new second autumn Theological Fair was established on Bulgakov’s estate (from September 26), for which he would allocate part of his land in the area of ​​the current market and stadium. In 1912, Bulgakov divided his estate between his heirs, and died on January 13, 1917. Today, on the site of Bulgakov’s estate, there is an orphanage named after. A.V. Lunacharsky, and on the shore of the Krucha pond there are the remains of a forest dacha built by his heirs.

In 1852, the surname Tulinov returned to Rasskazovo: “a noblewoman” Vera Yakovlevna Tulinova (great-great-granddaughter of the founder of the cloth factory Ya.V. Tulinov) marries Colonel Nikolai Nikolaevich Ragoza. In 1853, she bought the village of Arzhenka from Vitkovskaya (in the 1850s, Arzhenka consisted of another village - the village of Dubrovka was located at the end of the current Proletarskaya Street) and the following year built a cloth factory there. In 1858, she received a cloth factory from her maternal uncle Vasily Malin (on her father’s side she was also his relative), and in the 1860s she bought the factory from Poltoratsky, becoming the largest industrialist in the Tambov province (after the death of her sister Sophia, she also inherited cloth factory in the village of Tulinovka). Vera Yakovlevna, being a religious person, begins to build the Church of the Intercession of the Mother of God in Arzhenka. In 1862 the church was completed and consecrated. Ragoza did not forget to build houses for the clergy. In her native Tulinovka, she founded a monastery and annually donates money to the needs of the church.

After the abolition of serfdom in 1861, former landowner peasants united into peasant societies: 1st and 2nd Moslovsky societies, 1st and 2nd Ragozinsky, Bibikovsky, Bulgakovsky, Poltoratskoye. The population of Rasskazovo, which is the center of the volost of the same name (the building of the volost administration has been preserved on Krasnoarmeyskaya Street, the former Pochtovaya) at this time exceeds 8,200 people.

The craft and trade potential built up over a century and a half clearly manifested itself after the abolition of serfdom. Every year new factories, factories, workshops, mills, shops open - the village becomes the industrial center of the Tambov Province (the Arzhen cloth factory alone employs more workers than all Tambov enterprises combined). Dozens of families receive merchant guild certificates. Over the last 50 years before the revolution, schools were opened in Rasskazovo (from 1861 to October 1917, 13 schools appeared, not counting literacy courses for adults), hospitals (since 1884, three hospitals and an outpatient clinic were opened), pharmacies and drug stores, a veterinary school Stock, in 1884, a telegraph office was opened at the post office, electricity and telephone were installed (1906). In the village there are several branches of various banks, credit, consumer and insurance companies and public organizations, fire brigades, libraries, a theater, a cinema appeared during the 1st World War, and evacuation hospitals operated. The population of the village increases every year: in 1897 - 12,500 people, in 1910 - 17,000 people, by the end of 1917 - 26-27,000 people. (and together with the surrounding population that migrated to Rasskazovo - all 30,000). In Rasskazovo there are manufacturing, leather, grain, ironmongery, wine, gastronomic and Rennes stores, bakeries, a beer warehouse, a slaughterhouse, a sewing and knitting machine store, forges, carpentry workshops and much more. Peat is mined in the forest near the village and wood is harvested and processed. In many yards they raise livestock and do gardening and gardening.

Not everyone in the province likes this development of the village. Therefore, the industrial and commercial circles of Tambov, fearing insurmountable competition, took all possible measures to ensure that the railway line passed by Rasskazovo in the 1890s. However, this could not restrain the further development of the village. At the beginning of the 20th century, Rasznov merchants brought a narrow-gauge railway to the village to the present Sovetskaya Street, along which narrow-gauge steam locomotives moved to the Arzhen factory, and a horse-drawn horse worked for passengers.

Horse-drawn horse in Rasskazovo. Photo from the beginning of the twentieth century.

Let us briefly recall the main merchant dynasties and names that turned Rasskazovo into the industrial and commercial center of the Tambov province.

Without a doubt, the first place on this list belongs to the Aseev family. The family of Spassk tradesman Agafon Fedorovich Aseev and his wife Marfa Danilovna moved to Rasskazovo around 1830. In 1832, Agathon died, leaving his wife with two small children Vasily (1829-1886) and Tikhon (1831-1894). Despite the difficulties, the Aseyevs were able to continue their merchant business and already in 1869, in the name of their mother, they bought the Arzhensky cloth factory from V.Ya. Ragoza for 75,000 rubles (simply a huge sum at that time!). Soon the Aseevs buy the same factory in the Saratov province. The dynasty was continued by grandchildren (Vasily has four children, Tikhon has twelve), the most famous of whom were Alexander (1856-1918, owner of a factory from the Saratov province) and Mikhail Vasilyevich (1858-after 1927), as well as Vasily Tikhonovich (1862- 1941). Other representatives of the Aseev family either followed the merchant line, or after graduating from Moscow University (like Mikhail Vasilyevich, who studied with A.P. Chekhov) became doctors, continuing to work as them in Soviet times (Nikolai Tikhonovich, radiologist, military doctor of the 2nd rank , died in 1942 in Tula from heart disease). Founded by cousins ​​Mikhail and Vasily, the “Trading House of Brothers M. and V. Aseev” became the largest in the Tambov province. The Aseevs owned more than 20 different industrial enterprises throughout the Russian Empire (distillery, horse, wool washing, sugar and other factories and plants), and there were several dozen trading establishments. The Arzhen factory became the largest cloth factory in Russia. Before the revolution, more than 3,700 people worked there, and the income exceeded 7 million rubles. The Aseevs own huge estates, estates and houses in various Russian cities and provinces.

Manufacturers spend considerable amounts of money on charity and donations to the church. An orphanage with a park, a hospital (the outstanding doctor Alexander Iosifovich Peten worked there), a pharmacy, a nursery, schools, a theatre, houses, churches (the Catherine Church was built in Rasskazovo, consecrated in 1893), shops - all this is being built by them in Rasskazovo . In 1906, Vasily Tikhonovich, on the estate of his wife Anisya Panfilovna Kryuchenkova, in the center of the park he laid out, built a magnificent palace (architect L.N. Kekushev), which is one of the pearls of Russian architecture. Mikhail Vasilyevich is building a similar palace in Tambov. In addition to entrepreneurship, the Aseevs are engaged in public and government activities (serve in various provincial institutions). The brothers have numerous awards from the government and the Holy Synod. The products of their enterprises participate and receive awards at all major Russian and international industrial exhibitions. In 1915, M.V. Aseev was granted hereditary nobility. In the spring of 1918, the nationalization of the Aseev factories began, the brothers were arrested and sent under escort to Tambov, from where after some time they left for emigration.

Aseev Palace in Arzhenka. Photo from the beginning of the twentieth century.

The looted palace of Aseev in Arzhenka. Photo of the late twentieth century.

The restored Aseev Palace in Arzhenka. Photo from the beginning of the 21st century.

Stud farm arena and water tower of the Aseevs in Arzhenka.

Aseev's house. Facade. St. Committeeskaya, 18.

Aseev's house. Facade. St. Committeeskaya, 18.

Aseev's house. Rear part. St. Committeeskaya, 18.

St. Committeeskaya, 18. Park near Aseev’s house.

Another famous Rasskazov family is the Kryuchenkovs. Honorary hereditary citizen Konstantin Panfilovich Kryuchenkov (1820-1885), born in Kirsanovsky district and engaged in the grain trade, moved to Rasskazovo after 1850. In the village, he acquired the Mosolova cloth factory, where he first opened a mill, and then in 1877 a distillery (registered in the name of his wife Anisya Karpovna). Since 1865, Kryuchenkov has been the headman of the Dmitrov Church and spends about 90,000 rubles on the construction of today’s St. John the Theologian Church. The Kazan limit of the temple was built and consecrated in 1879, and the main one in 1882 (the last rector of the Theological Church before the revolution was the famous priest, missionary and publicist Fyodor Ivanovich Malitsky). For this, Kryuchenkov was awarded the Order of St. Anna, 3rd degree. Konstantin Panfilovich was buried in a specially built chapel near the church.

St. John the Theologian Church

Kryuchenkov's children: Ivan, Nikolai, Panfil and Vasily continued the merchant dynasty. Ivan Konstantinovich, who is also involved in charity work and patronage of the Rasskovsky ministerial school, becomes the owner of the distillery. The products of his plant receive prizes at world exhibitions in Brussels and Paris. Kryuchenkov owns a network of wine shops and taverns in the Tambov province and beyond. Before World War I, I.K. Kryuchenkov sold his plant and left for Tambov, where he worked in provincial institutions. Kryuchenkov died on May 21, 1917.

In addition to Aseev’s cloth factory, others operated in Rasskazovo. These are the already mentioned factories of Ragoza (one of which she closed after 1883) and Ilya Alekseevich Smolin. After the death of Vera Yakovlevna on December 22, 1906 (buried in the Tulino-Sophia Monastery), her factory passed to the heir Robert Ernestovich Mund, who sold the factory in 1915 to Vasily Afanasyevich Aratskov.

Since 1873, I.A. Smolin has owned a cloth factory in Arzhenka, next to the Aseevs. Ragoza's Tulinovsky factory is also acquired by him. His sons Fyodor and Anton sold these factories around 1908, one of which was absorbed by the Aseyevs, the other, in Tulinovka, was acquired by Ragoza’s adopted daughter Elizaveta Ivanovna Smirnova. In 1908, another cloth factory of Ustinov M.A. appeared in Rasskazov. and Shurkova I.K., which burned down in March 1910.

The Zheltov surname is widely known in Rasskazovo. Various representatives of this family (several dozen families) owned a considerable number of small tanneries. One of the streets in Rasskazovo, Komsomolskaya, was called Tannery because of the abundance of these factories and the tanners who lived there. The leather industry was the most famous handicraft industry in Rasskazovo; it was surpassed in profitability at the beginning of the 20th century only by hosiery and knitting production (both industrial and handicraft), which is the main industry in Rasskazovo today (Rasskazovo socks are known throughout Russia!) . In addition to tanneries, the Zheltovs in Rasskazovo owned a cloth factory, opened in 1896 (now it is a factory in the village of Fur Factory), a felt factory (preserved) by Pavel, and then his son Ivan Zheltov, a mechanical roller mill (preserved) and a distillery (bought it is from I.K. Kryuchenkov) Andrei Ivanovich Zheltov, forest areas and agricultural economies, many shops. The Zheltovs also built the Molokan chapel (now the House of Creativity at 115A Komsomolskaya Street).

Komsomolskaya street 115A. Former Molokan chapel

Komsomolskaya street 115A. Former Molokan chapel

The second main industrial sector of Rasskazovo was flour milling and grain trade. The richest millers in the 20th century were the Kazakov family - Ivan Vasilyevich and his sons Nikolai, Mitrofan, Yakov. The family owns several mechanical mills in the village and its environs, a malt factory, a grain warehouse and a confectionery factory in Moscow. In terms of annual turnover before the war, the Kazakovs become the next merchants after the Aseevs. The houses of the Kazakovs and their malt factory have been preserved in the Chibizovka microdistrict.

The Kazyakin family also became rich from the grain trade. The beginning of the dynasty was laid by Fedul, Vasily and Nikolai Prokofievich, and then by their children, the most famous of whom were Ivan and Vasily Vasilyevich. Starting with mills and bakeries in 1902, the Kazyakins acquired a distillery and starch factory on Novaya Lyada (formerly the famous distillery of A.N. Chicherin). Today, the Kazyakins’ houses and bakery have been preserved in Rasskazovo.

The Slobodskys also worked in bread: Miron Fedorovich and his children: Ivan, Mikhail, Alexander. They owned mills in Tulyany and Platonovka, several warehouses in the area of ​​the current Spartak stadium, grain, mosquito and ironmongery stores. Two Slobodsky houses in Rasskazovo have survived.

Not only peasants, but also famous nobles were engaged in bread. Thus, the hereditary nobleman Ivan Ivanovich Satin became rich from grain and flour, and built an estate in Arzhenka, next to today’s cemetery. Now only a few trees remain from the estate and park. Satin was also involved in the trade of petroleum products - he opened an oil depot at Platonovka station and laid a railway line to it.

Let's remember a few more famous families: Semyon Ivanovich Medvedev and his children Vasily, Joseph, Ivan: manufacturing and kerosene trade, house - the registry office building on Sovetskaya Street; Protopopov Nikanor Ivanovich (father-in-law of M.V. Aseev) - manufacturing trade, house - the building of the magistrate's court on Sovetskaya Street; Ustinov Andrey Grigorievich - hosiery and knitting factory and manufacturing trade; Egorov Petr Filippovich - manufacturing trade, house - old knowledge of the police; Danilov Petr Ivanovich - trade in food and wine, peat development; Proskurin Mikhail Fedorovich - trade in food and wine, construction and repair of the Trinity Church and parish school and many, many others. After the revolution, the trace of all the Rasskazov merchants was lost, some died, some were dispossessed and arrested, some managed to escape. Rasskazovo has lost its most intelligent, active and enterprising people.

Let us also recall several old Rasskazovskie streets: Sovetskaya - Milionnaya (after the Gorodskaya Road bridge); Civil - Nobility; Pushkin - Great Order; Lesnaya - Shchemilovka, Vshivka; Kuibysheva - Popovshchina, Gymnasium; Shmakovskaya - Samodurovka; M. Gorkova - Khlyst order, Postnicheskaya; Krasnoarmeyskaya - Postal, Volostnaya; Communal - Church; Obvodnaya - Brekhovka; Morozovskaya - Lower Order; Proletarskaya - Big Road.

The twentieth century found Rasskazovo at the height of its dawn. The huge population was extremely varied in composition: merchants, artisans, workers, peasants - from millionaires - the richest people in the Tambov region, to the poor. Literacy was at a high level. In terms of religious composition, one-sixth of the village consisted of sectarians, considered their unique capital: Subbotniks (a prayer house on Krasnoarmeyskaya Street in the school building, they lived in the area of ​​​​present-day Chibizovka), Molokans, and several hundred Khlysty. Many famous merchants belonged to these sects: the Zheltovs (and most of the residents of Belaya Polyana) were Molokans; The Kazakovs, Medvedevs are subbotniks, Mikhail Slobodskoy is a whip. The beginning of the new century brought difficult trials - several lean years and the Russo-Japanese War led to a significant increase in prices. Working conditions at the enterprises were not easy. All this led in 1905 to unrest among the population and strikes in factories. Serious riots and pogroms were avoided thanks to the timely deployment of military units into the village. With the introduction of new labor legislation, the situation of workers also improved: wages increased, new housing was built, factory workshops were renovated, etc.

The country's economy was not ready for the First World War that began in 1914. Food prices went up again and mobilization began. The Rasskazovtsy, as best they could, helped their fellow countrymen who had gone to the front, sending them money, clothes, things, tobacco, medicine and medical materials. Factories and factories received military orders, military hospitals opened. Refugees from the western provinces of the empire appeared in the village. Military units were formed in Rasskazovo. Several hundred prisoners were sent to work at Aseev's factory and Bulgakov's estate.

St. Gagarina 2

St. Gagarina, 4

St. Gagarina, 6

St. Gagarina, 8

St. Gagarina, 12

St. Gagarina, 16

St. Komsomolskaya, 35

St. Komsomolskaya, 46

St. Komsomolskaya, 53

St. Komsomolskaya, 55

Sovetskaya street, 2

Sovetskaya street, 5

Sovetskaya street, 6

Sovetskaya street, 13

Compiled by Litovka Yu.V.

You can download the book from the link

Population

Population
1897[10]	1926[10]	1931[10]	1939[10]	1959[11]	1967[10]	1970[12]	1979[13]	1989[14]	1990[15]	1991[15]	1992[15]
12 000	↗25 000	↗26 600	↗30 800	↗33 785	↗37 000	↗40 038	↗43 585	↗49 058	↗50 800	↘50 700	↘50 500
1993[15]	1994[15]	1995[15]	1996[15]	1997[15]	1998[15]	1999[15]	2000[10]	2001[10]	2002[16]	2003[10]	2005[10]
↘50 400	↘50 200	↘50 000	↘49 900	↘49 500	↘49 000	↘48 700	↗49 300	↘48 800	↘46 516	↘46 500	↘45 500
2006[10]	2007[10]	2008[10]	2009[17]	2010[18]	2011[10]	2012[19]	2013[20]	2014[21]	2015[22]	2016[23]	2017[24]
↘45 000	↘44 600	↘44 400	↘44 245	↗45 484	↗45 500	↘45 138	↘44 996	↘44 928	↘44 760	↘44 180	↘43 758
2018[25]	2019[26]	2020[27]	2021[1]
↘43 330	↘42 767	↘42 679	↘42 293

As of January 1, 2022, in terms of population, the city was in 364th place out of 1,116[28]cities of the Russian Federation[29].

Industry

Throughout its history, Rasskazovo developed primarily as a center of cloth production.

The most famous enterprise was the Arzhensky Cloth Factory named after the Red Army (before the 1917 revolution - the Cloth Factory of the brothers M.V. and V.T. Aseev), liquidated in 2004 and destroyed in 2022.

The second enterprise in terms of the number of workers was an agricultural enterprise - the State Pedigree Poultry Farm (now OJSC PPZ Arzhenka), which has been in bankruptcy proceedings since 2016.

In the 1990s, many enterprises in the city (especially those related to light industry: the production of woolen fabrics, leather production) either completely disappeared or sharply reduced production volumes[30].

In the 2000s, in the Rasskazovsky district, near the village of Nikolskoye, the largest deposit of ilmenite-rutile-zirconium sands in Russia was discovered[31].

The main enterprises of the city include:

• Tannery; (It does not work)
• Biochemical plant;
• Spetsstroymashremont;
• Metal structures plant "SVS-Tekhnika"; (It does not work)
• Plempttice; (It does not work)
• Rasskazovsky Electrotechnical Plant.

General information and history

The village of Rasskazovo was founded in 1697 by the peasant Stepan Andreevich Rasskaz (Vodyanov), who received a royal charter for this. The first mention of Rasskazov was made two years later, but under a different, second name, Lesnoy Tambov.

As of 1719, approximately 3.5 thousand people lived here. Rasskazovo consisted of more than 260 courtyards, which made it very large at that time. Soon, handicrafts, woodworking, agriculture and leather and wool processing developed in the village, which also became the reason for the growth of the merchant class. Local residents transported their products to Tambov. In the middle of the 18th century, its own fair, Petrovskaya, appeared in Rasskazov. The reason for the economic development of the village was primarily the fact that it initially became a palace, and not a landowner.

Then merchants and industrialists from all over Russia began to build their enterprises in Rasskazovo. The first among them was Afanasy Nikitovich Demidov, who opened a distillery here, mentioned in 1744.

A decade later, cloth factories were founded in Rasskazov by merchants Pavel Olesov and Vasily Tulinov. The glass factory of M. Olesov also appeared next to them.

In 1774, the Pugachev uprising reached the village, which local residents did not support, fearing for their enterprises and handicrafts. In August, Ivan Kirpichnikov set up camp near Rasskazov, awaiting reinforcements to resume the campaign. P. Olesov and V. Tulinov decided, with the help of their workers who were loyal to them, to prevent Kirpichnikov from seizing the village. For this purpose, they invited the ataman and his Cossacks to the village, promising to take the oath to Peter III. At the same time, a militia was created in Rasskazov and a military team from Tambov was accepted. When the Pugachevites arrived in the village, the Rasskazovians arranged a feast for them, and at nightfall they captured them. Kirpichnikov's comrades, who tried to free him and the Cossacks, were rebuffed. Then the prisoners were taken to Tambov.

In 1797, in accordance with the decree of Paul I, the storytellers ceased to be palace peasants and became serfs. The Emperor transferred Rasskazovo to the ownership of the former governors, brothers Ivan and Nikolai Arkharov, who had fallen into disgrace. Four years later, they resettled some of the storytellers to the new villages of Ivanovka and Picher (1st Nikolskoye).

The Arkharovs laid out a park in the village and built several dams and mills. After Ivan returned to St. Petersburg, Nikolai founded a cloth factory here in 1812.

Despite their serfdom, local residents continued to engage in crafts and merchants. They traded their goods not only at rural fairs (in the 1840s its daily turnover became the largest in the Tambov province) and bazaars, but also in nearby settlements. New mills, shops and other establishments were constantly opening in the village; the best market for selling cattle in the province also operated there, and in 1862 the second annual fair, the Theological Fair, began operating. At that time, local merchant dynasties began to earn their capital.

Industry also continued to develop in Rasskazov. New enterprises were opened in the fields of livestock farming, agriculture, forestry and the textile industry. In 1862, a new church, the Intercession of the Mother of God in Arzhenka, was consecrated.

As of 1861, more than 8.2 thousand people lived here.

The abolition of serfdom gave impetus to even more intensive development of the village. Industrial, handicraft and trade enterprises appeared here every year, as a result of which Rasskazovo became the industrial center of the Tambov province. For example, only one Arzhen cloth factory (the largest in this industry in the Russian Empire) employed more workers than all Tambov enterprises. Dozens of Rasskavsky families were awarded merchant guild certificates. From that time until the October Revolution, three hospitals, 13 schools, pharmacies, banks, insurance companies, a theater, a cinema and libraries, an orphanage, a nursery and a number of churches were opened here. There were also blacksmiths, bakeries and various shops. Local residents were employed in the timber and peat industries and in agriculture, trading in bread, leather, boots and livestock. The products of rural enterprises have repeatedly received prizes at all major Russian and international industrial exhibitions.

At the beginning of the 20th century, a narrow-gauge railway was built to the Arzhen factory, along which passenger horse-drawn horses and freight locomotives ran.

Also in Rasskazov there were a number of small handicraft factories in the leather industry, which until the beginning of the 20th century remained the most profitable branch of handicraft activity. Then its place was taken by hosiery and knitting production (handicraft and industrial), which remains the main trade here today.

The second main industry in Rasskazov was flour milling and grain trading.

At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, most storytellers were literate, and their number included the richest people in the Tambov province. About 17% of local residents belonged to a number of Orthodox sects, such as Molokans, Subbotniks and Khlysty.

After the population unrest that occurred in 1905, workshops at the enterprises were repaired, workers' wages were increased and new houses were built.

When World War I began, storytellers were called up to the front, businesses received military orders, and a number of military hospitals were opened. Also, military units were formed here and refugees from the western provinces began to arrive. Prisoners of war were brought to Rasskazovo to work. After the authorities introduced fixed prices for food, this led to shortages and massive speculation, which led to shortages of bread, electricity and fuel. Because of all this, the storytellers greeted the February Revolution with delight, as it gave them hope for a change for the better. But several months passed and no changes came. Local residents became disillusioned with the Provisional Government.

When the October Revolution happened, the Bolsheviks won the elections to the Constituent Assembly (at the same time, in the Tambov province in general, the Socialist Revolutionaries took the majority of seats). But this power did not satisfy the residents either, since there was no improvement, and at the same time unemployment and food prices increased, and nationalized enterprises closed. The consequence of this was a rebellion that occurred in May 1918, when the storytellers disarmed a detachment of Red Guards and dispersed the volost council. This uprising was crushed the very next day.

Meanwhile, famine continued in Rasskazov, caused by the illiterate food policy of the Soviet government and the outbreak of the Civil War. Because of this, in August 1920, a new uprising took place here, which Lenin personally became very dissatisfied with, since he knew the scale of the industrial importance of the village. In order to suppress the uprising, he created a special army to combat banditry, led by M. N. Tukhachevsky. She successfully completed this task.

But also in the 30s, some positive changes took place in Rasskazov. Thus, a centralized street water supply and a radio center appeared in the city, a club-theater named after them was built. S.M. Kirov, and the narrow-gauge railway was replaced by a broad-gauge one.

During the Great Patriotic War, storytellers, including those who worked at city enterprises, went to the front. Their jobs were taken by women, who were replaced by captured Germans with the first victories of the Soviet army. A temporary temporary military airfield and a number of hospitals opened in the city. Local residents collected funds for the construction of military equipment, and also helped those fighting at the fronts with tobacco and clothing.

In the post-war period, Rasskazovo and its industrial enterprises began to actively recover. In total, before 1985, many enterprises opened in Rasskazov, a number of which were known far beyond the borders of the Tambov region, whose industrial center the city became. In Rasskazov there operated, for example, such organizations as the low-voltage equipment plant, the Spetsstroymashremont plant, the knitting factory and the Arzhenk cloth mill. Two recreation parks and several dozen colleges, secondary, specialized and vocational schools and preschool institutions were opened. Each enterprise had its own club, stadium or sports complex.

In the 90s, the city fell into decline: factories, factories, schools and kindergartens closed.

Today Rasskazovo is an industrial satellite town of Tambov.

Monuments

Church of St. John the Evangelist (2008)

• Church of St. John the Evangelist (1879)
• Church of St. Catherine, 1893 with factory hospital and shelter
• The palace and park ensemble of the former estate of the Aseev factory owners (1906). In 2011, reconstruction began.
• the remains of the estate of the noble Poltoratsky family, close friends of A. S. Pushkin (most of the estate was demolished in 2014)
• park-estate of the Arkharov brothers (burnt down on October 10, 2015)
• the remains of factory architecture of the 18th-20th centuries: the cloth factories of Tulinov, Malin, Ragoza, Poltoratsky, Aseev, the Kryuchenkov distillery (the old factories have already been mostly dismantled for building materials and metal).
• merchant, trade, school, sectarian, administrative buildings of the 18th-20th centuries (recently they have been massively demolished and rebuilt)

4 km south of Rasskazovo there is an island section of the forest “Soulless Bush” (an area of ​​over 100 hectares), on the territory of which part of the ancient Astrakhan salt tract has been preserved. According to legend cited by historians S. A. Bereznegovsky (1797-1868) [32] and I. I. Dubasov (1843-1913) [33], E. I. Pugachev’s troops were hiding in this forest.

Map

Rasskazvo: maps

Rasskazovo: photos from space (Google Maps) Rasskazovo: photos from space (Microsoft Virtual Earth)

Rasskazovo. Nearest cities. Distances in km. on the map (in brackets along roads) + direction. Using the hyperlink in the distance , you can get the route (information courtesy of the AutoTransInfo website)
1	Novaya Lyada	15 (16)	Z
2	Kotovsk	27 (45)	Z
3	Tambov	29 (30)	Z
4	Pokrovo-Prigorodnoye	30 ()	Z
5	Builder	30 ()	Z
6	Bondari	33 (31)	WITH
7	Satinka	35 (44)	SW
8	Znamenka	41 (72)	SW
9	Inzhavino	56 (76)	SE
10	Kirsanov	57 (63)	IN
11	Rzhaksa	59 (56)	YU
12	Gavrilovka 2nd	63 (86)	IN
13	Pichaevo	66 (68)	WITH
14	Sosnovka	71 (92)	NW
15	Will clean	73 (85)	IN
16	Dmitrievka	77 (85)	Z
17	Uvarovo	80 (79)	YU
18	Morshansk	87 (110)	WITH
19	Tokarevka	89 (116)	SW
20	Zavoronezhskoe	92 (97)	Z
21	Tamala (Penza region)	93 (104)	IN
22	Zherdevka	96 (116)	YU
23	Michurinsk	97 (103)	Z
24	Bashmakovo (Penza region)	98 (138)	NE
25	Mordovo	99 (121)	SW
26	Muchkapsky	99 (123)	SE
27	Zemetchino (Penza region)	103 (176)	NE
28	Staroyurevo	107 (140)	NW
29	Belinsky	108 (131)	IN
30	Petrovskoe	110 (133)	Z

a brief description of

The city is located in the central part of the Oka-Don (Tambov) plain, on the river. Lesnoy Tambov (right tributary of the Tsna), at the confluence of the river. Arzhenka, 10 km from the railway. Platonovka station, 40 km east of Tambov.

Territory (sq. km): 35

Information about the city of Rasskazovo on the Russian Wikipedia site

Historical sketch

The village of Rasskazovo has been known since 1698. The name is named after the first settler, Morsha peasant Stepan Rasskazov.

In the 18th - early 20th centuries. It was famous for its handicrafts (knitting stockings, tanning leather, making candles and soap). In 1753, cloth factory production arose in Rasskazovo, and a little later, a dyeing manufactory. In the 18th century cloth factories appeared in the surrounding villages: Bondari, Tatanovo, Tulinovka, Novaya Lyada.

At the end of the 18th century. the village was granted by Emperor Paul I to N.P. Arkharov, former Moscow chief of police. N.P. Arkharov together with his brother I.P. Arkharov lived for a long time in Raskazovo until his death in 1814.

By the end of the 19th century. Rasskazovo is the industrial center of the Tambov province: 4 cloth factories, a felt establishment, a distillery, a steam mill. In 1913, there were about 5 thousand factory workers in Rasskazovo.

Until 1923, the village was called an urban-type settlement in the “Statistical Directory for the Tambov Province” (1925). By the Decree of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of the RSFSR dated December 6, 1926, the village of Rasskazovo was transformed into a city.

Municipal indicators

Index	2001
Demography
Number of births, per 1000 population	7.9
Number of deaths, per 1000 population	17.1
Natural increase (decrease), per 1000 population	-9.2
Standard of living of the population and social sphere
Average monthly nominal accrued wages, rub.	1426.6
Average housing area per inhabitant (at the end of the year), sq.m.	16.8
Number of preschool institutions, pcs.	8
Number of children in preschool institutions, thousand people	1.3
Number of daytime educational institutions (at the beginning of the school year), pcs.	14
Number of students in daytime educational institutions, thousand people	6.6
Number of doctors, people.	150
Number of nursing staff, people.	485
Number of hospital institutions, pcs.	2
Number of hospital beds, thousand units	0.5
Number of medical outpatient clinics, pcs.	4
Capacity of medical outpatient clinics, visits per shift, thousand units.	0.8
Number of registered crimes, pcs.	939
Persons who committed crimes were identified, persons.	331
Economy, industry
Number of enterprises and organizations (at the end of the year), pcs.	2320
Construction
Volume of work performed by type of activity “Construction” (until 2004 - volume of work performed under construction contracts), million rubles.	8.1
Commissioning of residential buildings, thousand sq.m. of total area	10.3
Commissioning of residential buildings, apartments	139
Commissioning of preschool institutions, places	0
Commissioning of educational institutions, places	0
Commissioning of hospital facilities, beds	0
Commissioning of outpatient clinics, visits per shift	0
Transport
Number of bus routes (in intracity traffic), pcs.	3
Number of passengers transported by buses per year (in intracity traffic), million people.	9.8
Connection
Number of residential telephone sets of the city public telephone network, thousand units.	8.3
Trade and services to the population
Retail trade turnover (in actual prices), million rubles.	891.2
Retail trade turnover (in actual prices), per capita, rub.	18337
Public catering turnover (in actual prices), million rubles.	12.5
Volume of paid services to the population (in actual prices), million rubles.	151.2
Volume of paid services to the population (in actual prices), per capita, rub.	3111.7
Volume of household services to the population (in actual prices), million rubles.	29.1
Volume of household services to the population (in actual prices), per capita, rub.	599.6
Investments
Investments in fixed assets (in actual prices), million rubles.	23.7
Share of investments in fixed assets financed from budgetary funds in the total volume of investments, %	23

Data sources:

1. Regions of Russia. Main characteristics of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation: statistical collection. Goskomstat of Russia. - M:, 2003.

Economy

Rasskazovo is an industrial satellite town of Tambov.

Main enterprises: JSC - textile, "Kozhevnik", "Rasskazovsky knitwear", "Rameako" (fur and fur coats), "Remattra" (special vehicles, trailers), "Eltra" (low-voltage equipment), "Biokhim", "Dairy plant" ", "Bakery and confectionery plant", "Beer".

In the Rasskazovsky district, rye, barley, wheat, buckwheat, sunflower, sugar and fodder beets are grown. Cattle and sheep are raised. Plempttice.

Near the village of Nikolskoye there is a deposit of titanium-zirconium ores.

Main enterprises

TEXTILE INDUSTRY

OJSC “Rasskazovo Knitwear”
393210, Tambov region, Rasskazovo, st.
Nekrasova, 1 Offers:
Outerwear and underwear

OJSC "Textile Rasskazovo-Invest"

393210, Tambov region, Rasskazovo, st.
Proletarskaya, 437 Offers:
Leather goods

Culture, science, education

Physicist M.A. was born in Rasskazovo in 1908. Markin. In the 1930s biophysicist A.L. worked Chizhevsky.

Museums, galleries, exhibition halls

Museum of the History of the Textile Industry 393210, Tambov region, Rasskazovo, st. March 8, 1 Phone(s): (47531) 33-6782

Architecture, sights

Church of St. John the Evangelist (1895). The remains of the estate of the Poltoratskys, close friends of A.S. Pushkin (early 19th century). The palace and park complex of the former estate of the Aseev manufacturers (1902).

4 km south of Rasskazovo there is an island section of the forest “Soulless Bush” (an area of ​​over 100 hectares), on the territory of which part of the ancient Astrakhan salt tract has been preserved. According to legend, E.I.’s troops were hiding in this forest. Pugacheva.

Population by year (thousands of inhabitants)
1897	12	1989	49.1	2006	45.0	2015	44.8
1926	25	1992	50	2007	44.6	2016	44.2
1931	26.6	1996	50.4	2008	44.4	2017	43.8
1939	30.8	1998	49.9	2010	44.1	2018	43.3
1959	33.8	2000	49.3	2011	45.5	2019	42.8
1967	37	2001	48.8	2012	45.1	2020	42.7
1970	40.0	2003	46.5	2013	45.0	2021	42.3
1979	43.6	2005	45.5	2014	44.9

Famous people

• Sergeev-Tsensky, Sergei Nikolaevich - writer[34].
• Markov, Moisei Aleksandrovich - physicist, academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences[35].
• Cherkasov, Evgeniy Aleksandrovich - lieutenant, commander of battery No. 19 BM-13 (Katyusha) in the 19th Army of the Western Front [36] [37].
• Kotov, Alexey Ignatievich - Participant of the Great Patriotic War, guard captain, commander of the mortar company of the 239th Guards Rifle Regiment.
• Lenkov, Alexander Sergeevich - Soviet and Russian theater and film actor. People's Artist of Russia (1997)[38].
• Komyagin, Alexander Valerievich - Hero of the Russian Federation[39].
• Ovchinnikov, Vyacheslav Viktorovich - Russian military leader, Colonel General, Doctor of Law.
• Pankov, Sergei Ivanovich - Soviet military leader, participant in the Civil War, the battles for Rasskazovo, the suppression of the Tambov Uprising, the Great Patriotic War. During the Great Patriotic War, Pankov was a major general.
• Popov, Boris Petrovich - Hero of the Soviet Union[40].
• Guseva, Klara Ivanovna - Olympic champion in speed skating, born[41] in the village of Picher, Rasskazovsky district[42].

Notes

1. ↑ 12
   The permanent population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2022 (Russian). Retrieved April 27, 2022. Archived May 2, 2022.
2. THE USSR. Administrative-territorial division of the union republics on January 1, 1980 / Comp. V. A. Dudarev, N. A. Evseeva. - M.: Izvestia, 1980. - 702 p. — P. 227.
3. Charter of the city of Rasskazovo
4. Will sturgeons return? // City portal www.rasskazovo.ru
   - Website of the city of Rasskazovo.
5. News of the Tambov Scientific Archival Commission. - 1892. - No. 34. “ The date of liberation of the village from taxes indicated in the royal charter is September 1, 7206 from the creation of the world, according to modern chronology corresponds to September 11, 1697.
   ”
6. ↑ 1 2 Andrey Litovsky.
   Sketches for the history of the city of Rasskazovo
   (undefined)
   .
   g31.tmbreg.ru
   . Administration of the city of Rasskazovo (February 10, 2010). Date accessed: May 11, 2022.
7. Information messages // Gazette of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. - 1943. - No. 22 (228). — P. 2.
8. Federal Law of the Russian Federation of June 3, 2011 No. 107-FZ “On the calculation of time.”
9. Scientific and applied reference book on the climate of the USSR. - L.: Gidrometeoizdat, 1988. - Series No. 3. - 629 p.
10. ↑ 12345678910111213
    People's encyclopedia "My City". Rasskazovo
11. All-Union Population Census of 1959. The size of the urban population of the RSFSR, its territorial units, urban settlements and urban areas by gender (Russian). Demoscope Weekly. Access date: September 25, 2013. Archived April 28, 2013.
12. All-Union Population Census of 1970 The size of the urban population of the RSFSR, its territorial units, urban settlements and urban areas by gender. (Russian). Demoscope Weekly. Access date: September 25, 2013. Archived April 28, 2013.
13. All-Union Population Census of 1979 The size of the urban population of the RSFSR, its territorial units, urban settlements and urban areas by gender. (Russian). Demoscope Weekly. Access date: September 25, 2013. Archived April 28, 2013.
14. All-Union population census of 1989. Urban population (undefined)
    . Archived from the original on August 22, 2011.
15. ↑ 12345678910

    (undefined)
    . Retrieved March 24, 2014. Archived March 24, 2014.

16. All-Russian population census 2002. Volume. 1, table 4. Population of Russia, federal districts, constituent entities of the Russian Federation, districts, urban settlements, rural settlements - regional centers and rural settlements with a population of 3 thousand or more (unspecified)
    . Archived from the original on February 3, 2012.
17. The size of the permanent population of the Russian Federation by cities, urban-type settlements and regions as of January 1, 2009 (unspecified)
    . Retrieved January 2, 2014. Archived January 2, 2014.
18. All-Russian population census 2010. 9. Population of urban districts, municipal districts, urban and rural settlements, urban settlements, rural settlements of the Tambov region (undefined)
    . Retrieved January 9, 2015. Archived January 9, 2015.
19. Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities. Table 35. Estimated resident population as of January 1, 2012 (unspecified)
    . Retrieved May 31, 2014. Archived May 31, 2014.
20. Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2013. - M.: Federal State Statistics Service Rosstat, 2013. - 528 p. (Table 33. Population of urban districts, municipal districts, urban and rural settlements, urban settlements, rural settlements) (undefined)
    . Retrieved November 16, 2013. Archived November 16, 2013.
21. Table 33. Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2014 (unspecified)
    . Access date: August 2, 2014. Archived August 2, 2014.
22. Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2015 (unspecified)
    . Access date: August 6, 2015. Archived August 6, 2015.
23. Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2016 (Russian) (October 5, 2018). Retrieved May 15, 2022. Archived May 8, 2022.
24. Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2022 (Russian) (July 31, 2017). Retrieved July 31, 2022. Archived July 31, 2022.
25. Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2022 (Russian). Retrieved July 25, 2018. Archived July 26, 2022.
26. Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2022 (Russian). Retrieved July 31, 2019. Archived May 2, 2022.
27. Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2022 (Russian). Date accessed: October 17, 2022. Archived October 17, 2022.
28. taking into account the cities of Crimea
29. https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/bul_Chislen_nasel_MO-01-01-2021.rar Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2022 (1.85 Mb, 07/30/2021)
30. Website of the city of Rasskazovo - City portal www.rasskazovo.ru - Home
31. Vladimir Putin approved a multibillion-dollar titanium production project in the Tambov region (unspecified)
    .
    “New Tambov”
    (November 10, 2016). Date accessed: May 3, 2022.
32. Bereznegovsky S.A.
    About the Pugachev rebellion // News of the Tambov Scientific Archival Commission. - 1913. - No. 55.
33. Dubasov I. I.
    Pugachevshchina in the Tambov-Shatsk region // Essays on the history of the Tambov region. - 1883. - Issue. 2.
34. Preobrazhenye, village Tambov region. Rasskazovsky district - history, map, population, weather, telephone code, postal code (undefined)
    . tambovgrad.ru. Date accessed: May 3, 2022.
35. Russian Pugwash Committee under the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences (unspecified)
    . www.pugwash.ru. Date accessed: May 3, 2022.
36. Milyutin A.
    Articles “Katyushas (BM-13) in the Western direction at the beginning of Operation Typhoon”, “Rocket artillery in the Western direction in faces (July-September 1941)”, https://aldr-m.livejournal.com/# post-aldr_m-8509
37. senior lieutenant Evgeniy Aleksandrovich Cherkasov, commander of battery No. 19, BM-13, “Katyusha” installations (Russian). Date accessed: May 3, 2017.
38. Biography of Alexander Lenkov (Russian). RIA News
    . Date accessed: May 3, 2022.
39. Komyagin Alexander Valerievich (unspecified)
    . www.warheroes.ru. Date accessed: May 3, 2022.
40. Popov Boris Petrovich (undefined)
    . www.warheroes.ru. Date accessed: May 3, 2022.
41. Yandex. Dictionaries › Olympic Encyclopedia, 2006, https://slovari.yandex.ru/Nesterova%20Klara%20Ivanovna/Olympic%20encyclopedia/Nesterova%20Klara%20Ivanovna (inaccessible link)
42. Nesterova (Guseva) Klara Ivanovna - Megaencyclopedia of Cyril and Methodius - article (unspecified)
    . Encyclopedia of Cyril and Methodius. Date accessed: May 3, 2017.