The territory of the modern city of Nizhnyaya Tura has a rich and interesting history, dating back to the early Iron Age. For a long time, the city preserved a large number of historical buildings, mostly from the early 1900s. Unfortunately, today most of them are in poor condition or have been completely demolished.
Author of the photo: Alexey Stasyonok
History and legends of the city
In the center of the modern city stands Shaitan Mountain - the history of the settlement of these territories begins with it. In the early Iron Age, the Vogul-Mansi civilization came to the mountain and placed their sanctuary here. According to one version, the temple was dedicated to Yoli-Torum - the god of the world of the dead, according to the second - to the mother of the lower world Kaltas-ekva . Shaitan Mountain once an altar of the Mansi are the idols of gods found here in the 1920-1930s. Here, at one time, the Mansi kept pottery, arrows and idol assistants.
General view of Nizhneturinsk, photo by N. F. Lagunov, beginning. XX century.
However, despite regularly visiting these places, the Mansi themselves did not live here - it is believed that the status of the sacred Mount Shaitan did not allow the Mansi to settle near it. But on the territory of the Nizhneturinsky urban district , traces of two paulas were found - loose Mansi settlements.
The modern city began to emerge in 1754, when it was decided to build a state-owned ironworks here, capable of making more expensive and high-quality iron from cast iron. The first settlers were factory builders. Hard times lay ahead of them - scurvy, hunger and harsh working conditions killed about 800 people in 1755 alone. However, the labors of the recruiters were not in vain and, in 1766, the world saw the first batch of metal from the Nizhneturinsk State Ironworks .
View of the Temple of the Three Saints from the street. Market (Soviet), early 20th century, photo by N. F. Lagunov
platinum and gold - discovered here in 1824 . About 50% of the gold and platinum of the Urals . In 1852, the Nikolaev Arms Factory , producing shells, bullets, and ignition tubes for guns. In this role, however, the plant existed for only 10 years, and later, in 1889, it was reclassified as a prison for political prisoners.
In the 1920s, the ironworks underwent reconstruction and the construction of new premises and enterprises began. In 1925, the plant reopened its doors, but as a metallurgical plant. Today the plant has been retrained as an electrical equipment plant.
Author: Vyacheslav Bukharov - own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, Link
In 1949, the village was given city status. high-pressure state district power plant the Urals begins nearby
LOWER TURA
NIZHNYAYA TURA, a city in Russia, in the west. parts of the Sverdlovsk region. Us. 21.6 thousand people (2012). Located on the east. slope Wed. Ural, on the river Tura. In the mountains Line 3 railway stations, including Nizhnyaya Tura.
It arose in 1754 as a settlement at the state-owned Nizhneturinsk ironworks under construction (the first metal was produced in 1766), which specialized in the production of high-quality cast iron, including for export, as well as cannons, roofing iron, and anchors. In 1852, arms production was transferred to the Nizhneturinsky Nikolaev Arms Factory (operating until 1862). In 1889–93, in the former premises. The plant is equipped with a prison for political prisoners - Nikolaevskoe will be corrected. prison department (“Ural Shlisselburg”), in which Ya. M. Sverdlov, F. A. Sergeev (Artem) and others served their sentences at different times. At the turn of the 19th–20th centuries. N. T. is the largest center of metallurgy in the Urals (smelting over 11 thousand tons of cast iron, iron and steel per year), gold and platinum mining (up to 60% of world platinum production; about 2/3 of all platinum in the USSR, 1937 ). In 1906, railway traffic was opened. line Vyya - Nizhneturinsky plant.
Sov. power is established in con. 1917 peacefully. During the Civil War of 1917–22, on the night of November 30, 1918, the village was taken by units of A.V. Kolchak’s troops. Was under the control of the “Omsk government” (November 1918 – July 1919). In July 1919, N.T. was occupied by units of the Red Army during the Yekaterinburg operation during the Eastern Front offensive of 1919–20. Regional center of the Tagil region. Ural region (1924–30), Ural region. (1930–33). Since 1927 a workers' settlement, since 1949 a city. In 1956 the Nizhneturinsky metallurgical plant was closed. plant (during the Great Patriotic War it produced light armor steel). In 1957, the following plants were launched: machine-building (in 1958 transformed into electrical equipment) and Santekhdetal (now the Venta machine-building plant).
The following have been preserved: the complex of the Nizhneturinsky ironworks (workshops of the late 18th–19th centuries, a dam), a 2-story building with a 4-column dorich. portico of the factory administration building (1829, architect A.Z. Komarov; now the city court); classic ensemble of 7 residential and administrative buildings. buildings of the Nikolaev arms factory (1852–62); brick building of the zemstvo school (beginning of the 20th century), merchant houses of the beginning. 20th century Brick c. St. John, Met. Tobolsky (2000–12, on the site of the Trekhsvyatitelskaya Church 1814–24, demolished around 1940). Monuments: to the fallen fighters for the revolution (1920s), the Star monument (1930s, on the site of the demolished chapel of Saints Peter and Paul in 1859), metallurgists who died during the Great. Otech. war. Branch of the Udmurt State un-ta. Museums: historical (1965; branch of the Sverdlovsk Regional Museum of Local Lore), geological. In the mountains feature - natural-archaeological. monument Mount Shaitan.
Leading enterprises: electrical equipment plant NTEAZ-Electric (part of the High-Voltage Union concern; high-voltage products, including vacuum circuit breakers, switchgear, transformer substations), machine building. "Venta" plant (as part of the "Atomenergomash" company; equipment for nuclear power plants, oil and gas industry and other industries; large-scale production of industrial ventilation and heating equipment; at the plant there is a museum of the history of the enterprise), mineral wool products plant " TIZOL" (non-flammable heat and sound insulating materials; there is a museum at the plant). Nizhneturinskaya State District Power Plant (built in 1945–50; branch of the TGC-9 company; capacity approx. 300 MW).
In the vicinity of N.T. there are several. main gas pipelines, including Urengoy - Medvezhye - Nizhnyaya Tura - Yekaterinburg - Chelyabinsk (a large gas compressor station Nizhneturinskaya operates), the Surgut - Polotsk oil pipeline (Belarus) (oil pumping stations Platina, Arbatskaya).
The city's attractions
Mount Shaitan
The mountain is located in the center of Nizhnyaya Tura and is not only a natural, but also a historical landmark. The mountain is relatively low - only about 320 meters above sea level. its name - Shaitan or "Evil Spirit" - most likely in connection with the pagan Mansi rituals carried out on it. Today, Shaitan Mountain is included in the register of natural and archaeological monuments of regional significance. From time to time, city industrial mountaineering competitions are held on the mountain.
Author of the photo: Sergey Komkov
In general, there are quite a lot of natural attractions in the vicinity of Nizhnyaya Tura . You can read about them in our articles “Environments of Nizhnyaya Tura: a walk in the forest park” and “Environments of Nizhnyaya Tura: waterfall on the Kosaya River” .
Nizhneturinsky pond
Author of the photo: Ivan Zhikharev
The pond was formed in 1763, and in 1951 a complete reconstruction of various structures, including the dam, began. Children's camps and recreation centers are located on the shore of the pond. In addition, the pond is quite popular among local fishermen - there are about 14 species of fish.
The average depth of the Nizhneturinsky pond is 3 meters, and the total area is 9.8 square kilometers.
Monument “Samovar – the soul of the home”
Photo source: MBUK “Centralized Library System”
The monument was erected in 2014 on the initiative of Duma deputy NTGO Andrei Postovalov , a famous collector of antique samovars and tea utensils. The opening of the monument was timed to coincide with the 260th anniversary of the city of Nizhnyaya Tura . The samovar is intended to symbolize Russian hospitality. You can find the samovar at the address: Nizhnyaya Tura, Usoshina Street 4.
Ironworks complex
Panorama of the Nizhneturinsky plant at the beginning of the 20th century.
Photo by N.F. Lagunov The former ironworks is a monument of industrial architecture of the 18th-20th centuries. On its territory there are still preserved workshops from the end of the 18th century, as well as examples of industrial construction. One such example is a blast furnace built in 1895.
Now the premises of the ironworks are the Nizhneturinsk Electrical Apparatus Plant . Complex address: Nizhnyaya Tura, Zavodskaya street 6A.
Monuments
Also on the territory of Nizhnyaya Tura there are quite a lot of monuments and landmarks. Among them is a memorial to the Nizhny Turin residents who died during the Great Patriotic War , a monument in memory of Yakov Sverdlov , and a memorial sign at the burial site of Hungarian prisoners of war.
Photo by: Patokina Kristina Andreevna
One of the most recognizable monuments is the Order of Glory monument , made in the form of this very order. It is located on Shaitan Mountain on May 8, 1975, in honor of 27 residents of Nizhny Turinsk, who during the Great Patriotic War were awarded the Order of Glory for courage and courage in battle.
Author: Vyacheslav Bukharov - own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, Link
Nizhneturinsk Museum of Local Lore
Author: Sergey Kuvaev - own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, Link
Nizhneturinsk Museum of Local Lore was founded on October 31, 1965 as a folk museum. The museum is located in the historical part of the city in the building of the former plant administration of the Nizhneturinsk ironworks . The museum has a rich exhibition on the history of Nizhnyaya Tura and the region , a paleontological collection formed on the basis of finds on the territory of the Nizhny Turinsky region . A large exhibition is dedicated to the history of gold mining at the Isovsky mines , the construction and operation of an ironworks. Sections of the exhibition on the history of the arms factory and the Nikolaev correctional prison department are of interest.
Nizhneturinsk Museum of Local Lore
Address: Nizhnyaya Tura, Sovetskaya street 2 Phone: +7 (34342) 2-57-81 Social networks: Odnoklassniki, VKontakte
Nizhnyaya Tura
(Sverdlovsk region)
OKATO code:
65478
Founded:
1754
Urban settlement since:
1929
City since:
1949 City of regional subordination
Telephone code (reference phone)
| 34342***** | 21-1-11 |
Deviation from Moscow time, hours:
2
Geographic latitude:
58°37′
Geographic longitude:
59°51′
Altitude above sea level, meters:
205 Sunrise and sunset times of the Sun and Moon in the city of Nizhnyaya Tura
How to get there?
Coordinates for GPS navigator
58.631082, 59.852340
Nizhnyaya Tura on the map
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