Website of the administration of the urban district "City of Kizlyar"

About the history of the city of Kizlyar

Kizlyar is one of the most ancient cities of the Republic of Dagestan. A small settlement existed on this territory many years ago, approximately from the 16th century. However, the official founding date of the city is considered to be 1735, when a fortress of the Russian army was built in this area. In 1722, the town was visited by Tsar Peter I during his Persian campaign.

From its very beginning it was a cosmopolitan city. Its founders are considered to be merchants - Tajiks from Central Asia. This place at the crossing of the Terek served as a transit point and inn for trade caravans and foreign embassies. Armenians, Georgians, Persians, Kumyks, Kabardians and Ossetians settled there. And after the construction of the fortress and the founding of a permanent garrison - Russians and Cossacks.

At the beginning of the 19th century, the majority of its population began to be Armenians. In 1807, the Russian government began to develop sericulture and viticulture in Kizlyar. The first vines that made up a small grape plantation were brought from the banks of the Rhine. In the 1840s, there was no longer a need for the military fortress of Kizlyar, and it was gradually eliminated.

In 1880, the now famous Kizlyar Cognac Factory opened its doors. Its founder was the outstanding Russian entrepreneur, scientist and philanthropist, graduate of St. Petersburg University David Sarajishvili (Sarajev). At the same time, at the end of the 19th century, due to the displacement of important trade routes, the emergence and development of new cities, Kizlyar lost its significance as an important city in the North Caucasus and turned into a provincial city. By the beginning of the revolutionary upheavals of 1917-1920. active business life in it completely died down, and the population was reduced by almost half. In particular, almost all the Armenians left.

City coat of arms

The city received a new impetus for development in the 1950s, when the territory to the right of the Terek River, which had previously been practically uninhabited, began to be intensively developed and populated. Now it makes up half of the city’s territory: there is an extensive private sector and a large modern microdistrict “Cheryomushki”. Kizlyar is an important railway junction of Dagestan.

Passenger trains regularly run through its station, connecting Moscow, Tyumen, Volgograd with Makhachkala and Grozny. In Kizlyar there are branches of the Dagestan State University and the Dagestan State Technical University, a medical school, a pedagogical college, and an electro-mechanical college.

During Soviet times, the city grew significantly, expanding no less than 6 times. The most active construction was carried out in the 60-80s of the 20th century. From former country roads, modern streets and highways arose, such as Victory Street, on which a beautiful modern Palace of Culture was opened in 1981.

Time washes away the features of the distant past. There are few interesting ancient buildings and structures preserved in Kizlyar. But they are on Lenin and Sovetskaya streets, which are actually included in the park complex. These are the houses of merchants, famous winemakers, and administrative buildings of the late 19th / early 20th centuries.

Map

Kizlyar: photo from space (Google Maps) Kizlyar: photo from space (Microsoft Virtual Earth)

a brief description of

Located on the Caspian lowland, in the delta of the river. Terek, 170 km northwest of Makhachkala. Railway station. Road junction.

Territory (sq. km): 32

Information about the city of Kizlyar on the Russian Wikipedia site

Historical sketch

In the area of ​​modern Kizlyar in the 16th century. Russian border fortresses Terki-1 (1567), Terki-2 (1579), Terki-3 (1589) were founded.

The settlement of Kizlyar was first mentioned in 1652. Destroyed by a flood in 1725.

In 1735, General-in-Chief V.Ya. Levashov founded the first Russian fortress of Kizlyar, a system of border Caucasian fortified lines, named after its location on the river. Kizlyar (Terek channel). Attempts to explain Kizlyar from the Turkic kyz “girl” and -lyar plural indicator, linking the appearance of the name with the slave trade is a typical folk etymology. It is more correct to see in Kizlyar the Turkic “red cliff” (kyzyl + yar), which is in good agreement with the appearance of the name of the fortress later than the name of the river.

From the second half of the 18th century. Kizlyar is one of the important points of trade between Russia and the countries of the Near and Middle East. In 1755, a Russian border customs office was established in Kizlyar.

Since the 1730s in the Astrakhan province. Since 1785, a district town in the Caucasus region of the Caucasian governorship (in 1796-1803 - Astrakhan province), since 1803 in the Caucasus province.

In 1798, a significant number of Armenians moved here from Nagorno-Karabakh to escape extermination by Turkish and Iranian troops.

In 1831, during the Caucasian War, the city was devastated by the mountaineers, but was soon rebuilt.

In 1856, in the district town of Kizlyar, Stavropol province, there were 10 churches, 1,475 houses, 396 shops.

Since 1860, the center of the Kizlyar district (since 1905, a department) of the Terek region.

In 1922 it was included in the Dagestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic; in 1937-44 as part of the Ordzhonikidze (Stavropol) region, from 1944 to the Grozny region, in 1957 it was again transferred to Dagestan.

From the beginning of the 19th century. Kizlyar is the center of a large region of viticulture, winemaking (the first winemaking school in Russia was opened in 1805), fishing and fish trade. Gardening, cultivation of vegetables, melons, rice, and cultivation of mulberry cocoons were also developed in the region.

Economy

Wine and cognac factory (since 1885), Nizhnetersky canning factory (production of canned fruit and vegetables). JSC - “KEMZ” (electrical appliances), “KEAZ” (microswitches, consumer goods), “Cutter Factory”, “Bread Factory”, “Golden Calf” (meat processing plant), etc. Garment factory.

Rice and grapes are grown in the Kizlyar region.

Thermal water deposits.

Main enterprises

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING AND METAL WORKING

OJSC "Kizlyar Electromechanical Plant"
368800, Republic of Dagestan, Kizlyar, st.
Kutuzova, 1 Offers:
furniture, woodworking machines, jacks, single-seat airplanes, haymakers, electric vulcanizers

ELECTRICAL INDUSTRY

Kizlyar Electrical Equipment Plant
368802, Republic of Dagestan, Kizlyar,
Offers:
Low-voltage equipment

Culture, science, education

Museum of Local Lore named after P.I. Bagration (born in 1765 in Kizlyar).

Universities of the city

Dagestan State Technical University (Kizlyar branch)
368830, Republic of Dagestan, Kizlyar, st. Lenina, 6

St. Petersburg State University of Engineering and Economics (Kizlyar branch)

368830, Republic of Dagestan, Kizlyar, st. Lenina, 14 WWW: https://www.kizlyar.engec.ru/

Branch of Dagestan State University in Kizlyar

368830, Republic of Dagestan, Kizlyar, st. S. Stalsky, 1st

Southern Federal University (Kizlyar branch)

368831, Republic of Dagestan, Kizlyar, st. Krasina, 42

Museums, galleries, exhibition halls

Kizlyar Museum of Local Lore named after. P.I.Bagration 368800, Republic of Dagestan, Kizlyar, st. Gorkogo, 1 Phone(s): 7-5385 Website: https://dagmuseum.ru/

Architecture, sights

The city is mainly built up with 2-3-story stone (mainly in the center) and one-story, mostly wooden, houses. The blocks are characterized by a rectangular layout with small areas.

Architectural monuments of the 19th century: buildings of the former City Government (now a museum), the Assembly of the Nobility, Kochkarev’s house, etc.

In the Cheryomushki area there are 5-story prefabricated panel houses with traditional Dagestan ornaments on the facades.

In the Kizlyar region, 5 km southeast of the village of Nekrasovka, there is an archaeological monument - “Nekrasovskoe fortified settlement” of the 2nd-3rd centuries.

The remains of the “Three-Walled Town” of the 16th century have been preserved. (east of Kizlyar, between the villages of Aleksandriyskaya and Krainovka).

Bagration Museum of Local Lore

The local museum of local history is named after the great Russian commander Peter Bagration, a hero of the Patriotic War of 1812, who was mortally wounded in the Battle of Borodino. The famous general, Suvorov's student and favorite, was born and raised in Kizlyar, and here in 1783 he began his military service - as a private in the Astrakhan infantry regiment, stationed in the city.

Bagration Museum of Local Lore

The local history museum of the city of Kizlyar dates back to 1961. Nowadays it is a branch of the Dagestan State United Historical and Architectural Museum. It is located in an ancient building built in 1913 – the former City Hall. Separate thematic exhibitions are dedicated to the biography of Peter Bagration; life and everyday life of the Terek Cossacks; Russian painting. In total, the collection of the local history museum includes more than 16.5 thousand exhibits.

Address: st. Gorky, 1.

Kizlyar

(The Republic of Dagestan)

OKATO code:
82430
Founded:
1735
City since:
1785 City of republican subordination
Center:
Kizlyar district
Urban-type settlements, population as of 01/1/2021

Deviation from Moscow time, hours:
0
Geographic latitude:
43°50′
Geographic longitude:
46°42′
Altitude above sea level, meters:
1 Sunrise and sunset times of the Sun and Moon in the city of Kizlyar

Museum of Contemporary History of the City of Kizlyar

It was opened on the eve of the 270th anniversary of the city, in 2005. Its exhibitions highlight the history of the post-war period in the life of the city. They represent all enterprises, institutions, organizations, honored people of Kizlyar who contributed to the development and formation of the city. Within the walls of the museum, together with the city schools, ceremonies are held to present passports to newly minted 14-year-old citizens of the Russian Federation. In the museum you can see a solid collection of awards and their exact copies - from the time of Peter I to the present day. The total number of exhibits in the museum is more than five thousand.

Museum of Contemporary History of the City of Kizlyar

Address: st. Uritsky, 1.

MirIstorii.ru - History in detail

Our small Kizlyar, located in the delta of the Terek River on the Caspian lowland, is an industrial and cultural center, a transport hub of the Northern region of the Republic of Dagestan.
Kizlyar has been known in Russian history since the mid-17th century, and according to some sources, the settlement has been mentioned since the time of Ivan the Terrible. The history of Kizlyar is inextricably linked with the name of Peter I, who back in 1710 instructed the Moscow merchant Safar Vasiliev to organize silk production in the lower reaches of the Terek. In 1722, Peter I visited our area during the Persian campaign. According to his Decrees, the fortress of the Holy Cross on Sulak and fortifications at the Kizlyar settlement were built. This made it possible for thousands of immigrants and refugees from all regions of the Caucasus to become subjects of Russia and develop viticulture, sericulture, and crafts.

Kizlyar acquired the status of a city in 1735, when, under the leadership of Chief General Vasily Yakovlevich Levashov, a new fortress was erected, which became the basis of a multinational city and the southern outpost of Russia.

In the 18th century, Kizlyar was a scientific base for large-scale ethnographic research, studying the possibility of developing rich natural resources. Many scientific expeditions that studied the Caucasus region were formed here.

For centuries, Kizlyar has developed its own traditions, culture and spirituality. Suffice it to say that in the 19th century in Kizlyar there were 3 monasteries and 10 Christian churches, 7 mosques, a synagogue, and a church. There were parish, military and national schools and colleges.

Around the city, gardens and vineyards bloomed in abundance. The development of viticulture became the basis for the enormous success of Kizlyar wine producers, who became famous first for the production of special grape vodka “Kizlyarka”, and then, at the end of the 19th century, for the production of cognacs. In 2005, the Kizlyar Brandy Factory celebrated its 120th anniversary.

The history of Kizlyar in the 20th century was difficult for the city. The residents of Kizlyar had to endure great trials during the civil war, when for 4 months the city was under complete blockade and was attacked more than once. Then, in 1918, Kizlyar was one of the first to be awarded the title “Hero City of the Civil War” by order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Caspian-Caucasian Front. The following years were marked by repressions of decossackization and the destruction of churches. Since that time, one St. Nicholas Church has been preserved in Kizlyar, which today has become the oldest functioning church in Dagestan. The city also survived administrative arbitrariness, when its subordination changed several times - Terek region, DASSR, Ordzhonikidze region, Stavropol region, Grozny region. Since 1957, Kizlyar again began to relate to Dagestan.

The most terrible test was the Great Patriotic War, in which 10 thousand Kizlyar residents gave their lives for the freedom of the country. In honor of those who died, in the year of the 50th anniversary of the Victory, the “Memory” memorial was erected in Kizlyar. Now, for the 60th anniversary of the Victory, its expansion is being actively carried out, and on May 9, 2005, more than 1,500 names of those who returned from the front, revived their hometown with their labor, but did not live to see this bright date, will appear on the plaques of the memorial.

In the troubled year of 1942, our city again became front-line, fought and survived, overcoming all adversity. The labor feat of the Kizlyar residents at that time was the construction of the Kizlyar-Astrakhan railway. In 10 months, more than 7,000 city residents built a railway track, which became the road of life for Stalingrad.

After the war, Kizlyar preserved and strengthened the brotherhood of peoples, developed a diversified processing industry, mechanical engineering and electrical production. Wine and cognac production was raised to world heights. Kizlyar has become a stable economic and socio-political center of the Northern region of the Republic of Dagestan. Our city, the only one in the republic, was awarded the Order of the Badge of Honor in 1980.

The last years of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st centuries became the most difficult and controversial period in the history of the city for Kizlyar. With the change in the social system and reforms, acute crisis moments appeared in the spiritual, political, and economic spheres. Factors such as the proximity of Chechnya, religious Islamic extremism, the emergence and struggle for power of national movements and clans became extremely negative for the city. The problems of the repressed peoples, the Cossacks, have worsened. But Kizlyar not only survived all these years, it helped strengthen stability in the republic, actively developed sister-city ties with cities and regions of Russia, which was of great importance for those who were under transport, economic and sometimes economic blockade. Since 1992, Kizlyar has concluded agreements of friendship and mutual assistance with Budennovsk, Zheleznovodsk of the Stavropol Territory, Odintsovo - Moscow Region, Kolpino - St. Petersburg, Anapa - Krasnodar Territory, Azov - Rostov Region, friendly ties have been established with the distant Primorsky Territory.

The fact that Kizlyar was and remains a Russian city, the strength of the Russian factor saved Dagestan from the mass manifestation of extremism and participation in a senseless war. Our city has preserved the fraternal friendship of peoples, proving its fidelity to traditions in January 1996 and August 1999.

Despite all the difficulties, in the last years of the 20th century, Kizlyar became a symbol of the revival of spirituality and an example of cultural development. The Church of the Holy Great Martyr George the Victorious was erected, uniting all the churches of the Kizlyar and neighboring Tarumovsky districts of the republic. Branches of higher educational institutions appeared, including in cities such as Moscow and St. Petersburg. Our city has become a student city, has become younger and at the same time has become the center of many regional and interregional scientific conferences.

As a cultural center, Kizlyar every year attracts guests to regional festivals of arts and children's creativity. Significant scientific work is carried out by the local history museum named after. P.I. Bagration, which preserves and promotes the history and traditions of the peoples of the Northern region of Dagestan. The work of the museum in 1987 was awarded a 1st degree diploma from the Central Council of the All-Russian Society for the Protection of Historical and Cultural Monuments. Considering the large amount of materials that replenish the museum’s funds and the lack of exhibition space, a new museum “Modern History of Kizlyar” was opened in Kizlyar for the 270th anniversary of the city, which fully reflects the history of the city in the second half of the 20th and early 21st centuries. The museum is housed in an old reconstructed building, an architectural monument.

The work of local self-government bodies carried out over the past twenty years is aimed at preserving the rich history and traditions of Russian-Caucasian relations, the awareness of every Kizlyar resident of patriotism as the main value and shrine. Residents of the city always remember the words of our great fellow countryman P.I. Bagration: “Die yourself, but don’t give up your Motherland or honor to anyone!” According to this covenant, the people of Kizlyar have always lived and live now, achieving heights in work, spiritual revival, and sports. During these difficult years, monuments to V.Ya. were erected. Levashov, A.S. Pushkin, the First Teacher, Primorye Soldiers. The Fountain of Friendship was opened, the only club “Veteran” in the republic was created and operates, a recreation center was opened on the shores of the Caspian Sea, and much more was done. The comprehensive development of the city allowed Kizlyar, the only one in the republic to live and work in a subsidy-free regime, in 2002 and 2003 to take second place in the republican competition for the socio-economic development of cities, and in 2004 to take first place.

Today Kizlyar lives and works, developing connections with other cities and regions, trying to learn from the experience of historical cities of Russia in order to become more modern and preserve its original historical appearance and traditions. In order to preserve the historical and cultural heritage in the city, objects have been identified that are worthy of being included in the federal program for the preservation of architectural monuments and becoming tourism sites. These are places and buildings associated with the names of L.N. Tolstoy, N.I. Pirogov, General Ermolov and other great people. At the same time, the city faces the tasks of improving it, ensuring environmental safety and preserving the unique corners of Kizlyar nature. Industrial enterprises of the city, public organizations, and the scientific potential of Kizlyar universities are actively involved in this work, and a chronicle of the city is constantly being maintained.

Museum of History and Culture of the Terek Cossacks

The Cossack Museum has been operating in Kizlyar since 2007. The presented exhibitions demonstrate the life and everyday life of the Cossacks, their traditional crafts: fishing and hunting, pottery, carpet weaving. Various examples of festive and everyday clothing are presented, and the decoration of the upper room in the Cossack kuren is recreated. Separate exhibitions are dedicated to Russian folk arts and Orthodoxy.

Address: st. Sovetskaya, 17.

Kizlyar Brandy Factory Museum

A visit to this museum is the final part of an interesting tour of the plant, which became the founder of cognac production in Russia. Tourists are guided step by step through the workshops of the enterprise: wine materials workshop; hardware (distillation); aging shop; blending shop and bottling shop. Guests are shown the laboratory and, of course, the richly decorated tasting room. The museum displays awards won by Kizlyar cognacs at various international exhibitions; bottles with products from previous years (the oldest is from 1936) and all samples of modern products. Nowadays, the plant remains the official supplier of the Kremlin, and at protocol events, 15-year-old Rossiya cognac, made in Kizlyar, is placed on the tables.

Aging workshop of the Kizlyar Brandy Factory

Address: st. Ordzhonikidze, 60.

Central Park

Nothing has survived from the serious fortress of Kizlyar, which was an outpost of the Russian Empire in the Caucasus. In addition to some rarities that are kept in museums of the city and the Republic of Dagestan. Now on the site of the fortress there is an excellent Petrovsky Park, which has existed since the 60s of the 19th century. It is at this historically significant place that the Bagration Museum, several monuments and memorials are located, as well as a whole complex of cultural, sports and children's facilities, which together make up a favorite place of leisure for Kizlyar residents and guests of the city. The Peter the Great Park best conveys the general impression of the city and much of its long history.

Central Park

In 1960, at the intersection of two central historical streets - Lenin and Sovetskaya (Gimnazicheskaya and Bolshaya - in tsarist times), the main entrance arch was built. A bust of Peter I was installed right in front of her.

Monument in honor of the 250th anniversary of the founding of the Kizlyar fortress

This monument in Central Park is dedicated to a lost fortress that once played a huge role in the North Caucasus. Its commandant was considered the “boss” of the entire space from the Caspian to the Azov seas. It is not for nothing that the date of the founding of the fortress became the date of the founding of the city. The monument is dedicated to all Russians and Cossacks who laid the foundation for the city. However, the heroes of the sculptural composition were a worker, who raised his hammer and sickle high above his head, and a collective farmer, who simply raised her palm up, as if voting. This is not surprising, because the monument was erected in the Soviet era: in 1985, on the occasion of the 250th anniversary of Kizlyar.

Monument in honor of the 250th anniversary of the founding of the Kizlyar fortress

Address: st. Pervomayskaya, 2.

My Dagestan

The city received its name thanks to the Terek channel of the same name. “Kyzyl Yar” is translated from the Turkic language as “red cliff”. There is a belief that the name comes from the Turkic “kyzlar” - girl, since slave trade was carried out in these places in ancient times.

Geographical position

The city is located in the Caspian lowland, on the left bank of the Terek River. Although it is separated from the Caspian Sea by 65 kilometers, the climate here is influenced by the Caspian Sea: short winters with frequent thaws and hot summers with dry winds. In the west, Kizlyar borders with Chechnya.

Story

In ancient times, the lower reaches of the Terek River were an important section of the Caspian trade route, which connected the East with the states of Europe, which contributed to the emergence of settlements here in the 2nd-3rd centuries AD. This is proven by the remains of the Nekrasov settlement, found by archaeologists. Although the founding date of modern Kizlyar is officially considered to be 1735, when the construction of the Kizlyar fortress began, it is known that a permanent settlement existed here for 200 years before that.

Kizlyar residents are rightfully proud of the history of their wonderful city. In 1765, the commander and hero of the War of 1812, Peter Bagration, was born here. His mother is buried in Kizlyar. The local history museum is named after Bagration.

The city has memorial places associated with the names of Peter the Great, A.V. Suvorov, M.Yu. Lermontov, N.I. Pirogov, L.N. Tolstoy and other great sons of Russia.

Population and religious foundations

The population of Kizlyar is 51.5 thousand people. Almost half of it is Russian - 48.6%, 15.4% - Avars, 11.7% - Dargins, 5% - Kumyks, 4% - Kumyks, 3.2% - Laks, 2.5% - Armenians, 1 .8% are Azerbaijanis, 1.4% are Nogais, 1.3% each are Tabasarans and Rutuls, 1.1% are Chechens, 0.1% are Aguls.

The multinational population of Kizlyar professes different religions. In addition to Orthodox and Armenian churches, there have always been mosques, a synagogue, a Catholic church, a Lutheran community, and a Buddhist temple. Historians note the incredible tolerance and mutual understanding of the city’s residents. Traditions of respectful treatment of representatives of various faiths are passed on from generation to generation.

Production

Kizlyar is famous for its cognac production. The first Russian cognac factory was built in this city in 1885. Now it produces 12 types of cognac, 9 of which are vintage. There are electrical hardware and electromechanical factories in the city. PP Kizlyar LLC, which produces cold bladed and souvenir weapons, is developing rapidly. Its products are supplied to many countries in Europe, the USA, and the UAE.

Residents of Kizlyar love their city and feel comfortable here, which is confirmed by the high birth rate and the increase in the number of higher and secondary educational institutions. Otherwise it can not be. After all, a city with a glorious history, occupying one of the first places in the republic in terms of its socio-economic level, undoubtedly has excellent development prospects.

Walk of Fame and Memory Monument

The Walk of Fame is located in the Central Park of the city of Kizlyar, and continues the architectural ensemble of its entrance arch, from Pervomaiskaya Street. The alley was founded in memory of Soviet soldiers who gave their lives during the Civil and Great Patriotic Wars. Previously, in its place there was a parade ground for Russian soldiers and officers who served in the Kizlyar fortress.

The main part of the memorial is the “Memory” monument - a sculptural composition depicting a cavalry rider and infantry soldiers; as well as a stone pantheon with the names of fellow countrymen who died in the Civil and Great Patriotic Wars. In 2012, here in memory of the Patriotic War of 1812, in which the Terek Cossacks took part along with the great Bagration, a large memorial stone was erected on the marble steps. Flower beds, plantings, and alleys converge at the arch with the sculpture of the Goddess of Victory. If you look from above, you get the appearance of a rocket. This is a symbolic reflection of the history of the city of Kizlyar through wars and sacrifices - to the future.

Kizlyar Island

Kizlyar and adjacent lands are a Russian ethnic enclave, a territory where Russian people have lived for three hundred years, completely surrounded by a foreign ethnic and religious element.

Not long ago, in connection with the landmark “Ilyin case,” the author personally visited the north of Dagestan.

In Soviet times, the Kizlyarsky and neighboring Tarumovsky districts of the Dagestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic had more than 80% of the Slavic population. Russians and Cossacks grew wheat and grapes, made wine and one of the best cognacs in the USSR, and fished. There was also industry, and not just food industry. Even the first personal computers of the Mikrosh type were made in Kizlyar. By the way, the factory that produced the first “personal equipment” is still alive, they continue to do something for the defense industry. Only the number of workers decreased by five times.

Over the past thirty years, the Russian population has been declining. It declined rapidly and avalanchely. Nowadays, in the city of Kizlyar itself, Russians make up about 40% of the population, in the neighboring village-regional center of Tarumovka - 25%. In the rural areas around regional centers, in Russian villages and former Cossack villages, there are almost no Russians left. Maybe 10%-15%, maybe less. In some places, as in the former village, now the village, Aleksandronevskaya, not a single person remained.

The exodus of the Slavic population was a clear consequence of the thoughtful and purposeful policies of a variety of forces. Without massacres, without open separatism, as in Ichkeria .

But the process of ousting the Russians was purposeful, and in the late 1990s and early 2000s, it was clearly and well planned.

***

In 2005, I had the opportunity to talk with a Terek Cossack refugee, who told how the Slavs from the Kizlyar villages survived in the “zeros”: “Back in the nineties they began to buy houses. Then there was no work and psychological pressure began. You come to the bread store to buy: the saleswoman from the “newcomers” (he announced the nationality, but out of “censorship of tolerance” I won’t name her - Y.S.) doesn’t even look at you. He can't see it point blank. If one of their friends comes to her, they start chatting in their own way for about ten minutes, and they pointedly don’t notice you. Half an hour later, she, without stopping chatting, throws bread on the counter for you, so that the loaf falls from the counter onto the floor. On the streets, Russians were looked at with brutal glances and teeth were bared. The psyche breaks down sooner or later in such conditions; it is impossible to withstand this for a long time. My family went to the Rostov region, to the Shakhtinsky district. But friends remained on the farm - Lezgins (also “newcomers”, but also oppressed by Turkic-speaking fellow countrymen - Yu.S.). We go to our homeland, stay with them, and they come to visit us.”

When the Kizlyar region was ruled by the open Islamist Sagid Murtazaliev, a mass exodus of Slavs from the Lower Terek began. People were squeezed out of farms and villages in a variety of ways.

In February 2013, living in the once village, and now just the village of Alexandria, Cossack Anatoly Shirkin caught several kilograms of carp in a local lake for personal use with an old net. He was detained by local police.

Then local law enforcement officers opened a criminal case on this fact. The local magistrate court sentenced the “terrible poacher” to 120 hours of correctional labor under clause “b”, part 1 of Art. 256 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation for “mass destruction of aquatic biological resources” (the article usually applies to owners of sea seiners).

The convicted person, with the legal assistance of the Nizhny Tersk Cossack Community organization, appealed the verdict. It turned out that there was no recorded data on the amount of fish caught in the case, and the signatures of the witnesses were forged. The fishing gear - the net - was replaced, and the expert report of the Dagestan branch of the State Federal Unitary Enterprise "CaspNIRH" contained statements that contradict the legislation of the Russian Federation and internal regulations. The case of the “mass exterminator of aquatic biological resources” Shirkin lasted almost four years and ended in 2017 with his complete acquittal.

The “Shirkin case” is not an isolated special case. This is a manifestation of a set of thoughtful measures designed to deprive the Slavs of the opportunity to earn a living through traditional types of fishing. The desire to strangle them economically under the guise of “nature conservation”. At a protest rally in 2010 (completely unnoticed by everyone, central and local, media) in Makhachkala, Russians and Cossacks who came to the capital spoke about the strangulation of the fishing industry* in the lower reaches of the Terek, going in parallel with the destruction of lagoon lakes and the transformation of “newcomers” into pastures for livestock. .

So bloodlessly, “quietly” the Slavs were squeezed out of Northern Dagestan, and foreign ethnic expansion took place. In the same former village of Alexandria there are almost no Cossacks left, only the Orthodox chapel in the cemetery reminds of the Christian past of the village.

The villages were de-Slavized, then the Cossacks left the villages, then it was the turn of the regional centers. The Russian enclave was weakening, but still it did not die. But the nearby Khasavyurt region has been almost completely cleared of Slavs. Khasavyurt, once the main Russian military outpost in the Eastern Caucasus, which was almost entirely Slavic back in the 1980s, is now home to only a few hundred old Russians. In 2012, a Russian cemetery in this city was destroyed. Monuments were broken and crosses were knocked down. Local authorities ordered everyone to remain silent. Not a single local or central newspaper wrote about this event. The last Slavs of Khasavyurt were also silent out of fear. True, then the cemetery underwent “cosmetic renovations.”

***

The whole world learned about the city of Kizlyar on January 9, 1996, when Salman Raduev, the son-in-law of the president of the “Chechen Republic of Ichkeria” Dzhokhar Dudayev, seized the local hospital and took its staff hostage. More than 100 people died in the city then.

Recently, the world again remembered the existence of Kizlyar.

On February 18, 2022, on Forgiveness Sunday, a resident of the village of Rassvet, Tarumovsky district of Dagestan, 22-year-old Khalil Khalilov, attacked parishioners of the Kizlyar Cathedral of the Great Martyr George the Victorious who were leaving the evening service. Islamist, shouting: “Allah Akbar, we will slaughter you, Russian pigs!” shot people with a hunting rifle.

Five women died then, and now the sight of their graves, located near the steps leading to the temple, greets anyone who enters. The Islamic State organization, banned in Russia, took responsibility for the terrorist attack in Kizlyar.

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The February shooting of Russian parishioners only highlighted the problem of the deplorable situation of the Slavs in the Russian civilizational enclave. Terror in the Kizlyar region is an everyday occurrence. It began back in 1999, when Russian market director Valentin Kalko was killed. At the turn of 2010, a series of significant murders of prominent representatives of the Russian community took place in Kizlyar. In a short period of time, the Cossack ataman Pyotr Statsenko and the head of the police department Vitaly Vedernikov were killed. An attempt was made on the life of the deputy mayor of Kizlyar, one of the Cossack leaders Vasily Naumochkin. He was hit by five machine gun bullets and miraculously survived.

At that time, the Kizlyar district was headed by Olympic champion wrestler Sagid Murtazaliev, and the administration of Kizlyar was headed by his former driver Yusup (before converting to Islam - Andrey) Vinogradov. It is now recognized that the orderer of the murders of representatives of the Russian community was Murtazaliev, who is now on the international wanted list; his accomplice Vinogradov was sentenced on November 22, 2022 to 15 years in a maximum security colony.

“Salafis in power” quite openly pursued a policy of Islamization of Russian-Cossack territories, in which there was no longer any place for Christians and traditional Islam.

As the Dagestanis, residents of Tarumovka, told me, the religious-financial-organizational system built during the Murtazaliev-Vinogradov tandem has not disappeared. Presumably, the champion who is in the Middle East (quote from a local resident’s story) “does not live on old savings, money continues to come to him from here. Sturgeon poaching is still controlled by his people. From each canoe (poaching boat) they take 30,000 rubles a month.”

***

In addition to the main cathedral, built in 1995 using the “people’s construction” method—the initiator was the local Cossack community—the cathedral in honor of the Holy Great Martyr George the Victorious, there are two more Orthodox churches in Kizlyar.

The St. Nicholas Cemetery Church in the Russian cemetery, built in 1795, is the only church that survived the Soviet era. For a long time, collecting donations, purchasing building materials and hiring workers, it was restored by the nun Mother Antonina, who came from Kamchatka, who lived in a trailer right in the cemetery, protected from the numerous “dashing people” at that time only by God’s will.

After the restoration of the cemetery church, the highest church authorities suddenly allocated money for the creation of the women's Holy Cross Monastery.**

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About a kilometer from the old church, a not very large plot of land was allocated behind the cemetery. In 2007, a monastery church was erected, quite tall, although with a small internal area. The same mother Antonina became the abbess and only nun of the new monastery. She lives in a small brick house, similar to her old trailer. For other nuns, if there are any, there is simply no living space. There is no place to build it either.

The abbess dreams of finding wealthy donors and installing across the road, opposite the monastery gates, a sister’s building with cells and a refectory for “at least twenty people.”

“Then the nuns can come and live with us, and an almshouse for lonely old people can be opened. She’s really needed here.”

, - Antonina’s mother told me.

But there are no donors, only a few parishioners come to church services, and many are “intercepted” by the nearby cemetery church. The main problem is the remoteness; you have to use private transport to get to the monastery; public transport does not go to it.

The rapid, accelerated creation of a monastery in 2006-2007, essentially symbolic, is clearly connected with Raduev’s raid on Kizlyar.

As in many other Caucasian republics, especially in Chechnya and Ingushetia (the situation with the Russians there is most terrible), the Kremlin authorities and the Patriarchate are trying to cover up the catastrophic situation on the ground with the construction of Christian religious buildings and show that “everything is fine, everything is fine.”

But for whom are beautiful “churches” being built in the Caucasus, if there are either no parishioners or very few of them? Behind the new-made “beauties” they hide the lack of real work to support the Russian population.

***

Notes.

* We are talking about ordinary small fish such as carp or roach. Russians were not allowed to poach sturgeon, not even within a cannon shot. The Dagestan police never found any “biological resource destroyers” when it came to red fish. **

As I understand it, the Holy Cross Monastery existed in Kizlyar before the Revolution, but was closed during Soviet times. However, no one was going to return the historical territory of the revived monastery, although all Muslim religious institutions in Dagestan were returned to the pre-revolutionary, historical territories, without stopping at the demolition of any Soviet buildings.

And the temple territories of Orthodox churches were even captured in post-Soviet times. Thus, in the regional center of Tarumovka, neighboring Kizlyar, a quarter of the church yard is occupied by an unfinished commercial building, built in 1994 on legally legal grounds. Moreover, the land under this building legally belongs to the Orthodox church. The legal conflict has not yet been resolved.

One of the largest in all of Russia, built for the 300th anniversary of the Romanov dynasty, the Znamensky Cathedral in the city of Khasavyurt, before the revolution, the temple area was approximately four times larger than the current one. Unlike Muslim religious buildings, no one was going to return it to the cathedral. The scanty courtyard is all that was left to the temple, a symbol of the Russian presence in the Caucasus.

But now a five-story shopping center is being built in front of the cathedral, covering the temple and changing the entire architectural and visual picture of the city. Cossacks and Orthodox social activists throughout Northern Dagestan are fighting to stop illegal construction, trials are underway, the latest decision was not in favor of the Orthodox.

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Memorial to victims of terrorist attacks in Kizlyar

On January 9, 1996, sabotage groups of Chechen terrorists committed an inhumane war crime in Kizlyar. They repeated the June 1995 raid on the city of Budyonnovsk: they took a large number of hostages and locked themselves in the building of the city hospital. And then, hiding behind them as a human shield, they went on buses to the territory of Chechnya. 78 people died. A monument with the mournful face of a crying mother is dedicated to the memory of these victims. On March 31, 2010 and February 18, 2022, two more terrorist attacks were committed in Kizlyar. In the first case, 12 people died from two explosions; in the second, five people (all women) died from shooting at parishioners of an Orthodox church with a hunting rifle at the hands of an Islamic terrorist.

Kizlyar. 01/09/96.

Photo: Participants of the Kizlyar-Pervomaiskoye CTO

According to tradition, at the end of the year the country lives with New Year's troubles. People are busy buying Christmas trees and champagne, choosing New Year's gifts for family and friends. This was the case in December 1995.

(in the center - fourth from left Maxim Churkin and fifth from left Valery Medved). Photo by R.A. Ilyushchenko.

In accordance with the plan, servicemen of the 8th special forces detachment “Rus” left for replacement in Chechnya. Valery Medved was also on that team. Flying with the senior lieutenant were several I-95 conscription soldiers who had completed the training group, and a young squad commander, junior sergeant Alexander Matantsev.

True, the business trip began with the fact that at the Chkalovsky airfield their departure was postponed until the next morning due to weather conditions. The commander of the IL-76MD ordered that the property be loaded on board and the passengers leave for their deployment points. Fate gave the officers and warrant officers another day to stay at home with their families.

In Moscow there is snowfall and blizzard. In Mozdok, where the heavy airship landed, there is no trace of snow.

And in Khankala, where they were transferred from Mozdok by helicopters, there is also no snow, above-zero temperatures and fog. It’s great to look into the tent that has become home after a month’s absence (during this time, two groups of the detachment took part in the Gudermes events [1]), discuss Moscow news and business trip matters with the officer whom he flew to replace. Immerse yourself in the day-to-day challenges facing the group.

At the meeting, it was brought up that on the New Year's holiday, militants are expected to attack Grozny, similar to the one in Gudermes, and therefore the detachment is included in the group's reserve for actions in the emergency situation [2].

Special forces officers are familiar with the “just-in-case-what-happens-to-happen” rush. Most of the “horror stories” never come true. The New Year's week in Grozny passed completely calmly, as usual. It flared up on January 9, but not at all in Grozny, but in neighboring Dagestan.

That morning, the commander of the 8th special forces “Rus” at the temporary deployment point, Lieutenant Colonel Viktor Stepanovich Ivanov, was informed by the detachment duty officer: the commander of the Joint Group of Federal Forces was urgently calling. A few minutes later the officer was at the Khankala command post.

Lieutenant General Anatoly Afanasyevich Shkirko briefly oriented the lieutenant colonel and set the task for the detachment:

– A group of militants attacked Kizlyar. A military airfield, a city hospital, and a military unit were suddenly attacked. There are dead and wounded. Several helicopters were burned. Hostages have been taken.

Task: two groups by helicopter to move to the area of ​​the airfield of the city of Kizlyar. In cooperation with the unit guarding the airfield, unblock the airfield and destroy the bandits. Then act in accordance with the instructions of the deputy commander for special operations, Major General Efimov, who is flying to Kizlyar as the senior operational group [3].

The training camp didn't last long. We took as much ammunition as possible with us. They knew that they would not be redundant.

At about 07.30, an operational group of the group and two special forces of the 8 special forces "Rus" took off on two Mi-8MT helicopters of the internal troops. The first, led by senior lieutenant Valery Medved and the second with senior lieutenant Maxim Churkin, along the route Khankala airfield - Kizlyar airfield in Dagestan[4].

“Turntables” were flying at an extremely low altitude, constantly laying down an anti-aircraft maneuver, periodically shooting off heat traps. They were piloted by “Afghan” pilots, seasoned wolves, accustomed not to rely on the escort of “crocodiles”[5], but only on their skill and cunning. Therefore, sometimes it was difficult for passengers to understand where the earth was, where the sky was, and why they suddenly changed places. The flight had to take about half an hour, and the special forces were mostly dozing, except for those who were sitting on machine guns - at the exit and in the stern, they were observing the situation. “What does the coming day have in store for us?”

The groups put on white camouflage coats, but there was no snow, a dull, dirty gray landscape lay below, and the Bear decided that if there was no snow in Dagestan, he would give the command to take off the camouflage coats, so as not to loom like white snowmen against the autumn background - to the delight of the enemy sniper.

The senior officer of the GKVV [6] Colonel Barsukov [7] - a stocky giant in a bulletproof vest, which on his powerful figure seemed like a toy, got up from his seat, walked to the pilot's cabin, talked about something with the crew commander, turned to Valery:

— Commander, upon arrival, disembark the group with the senior officer, and stay on board with four soldiers. Let's go with you to fly over the city. Understood?

“I got it,” nodded the Bear. And he immediately gave instructions to the foreman.

Here it is, the landing sign - a huge letter “T”. A pair of Mi-8s hover at a height of one and a half meters above the airfield field in order to empty their sides in a minute or two. You can't hesitate. The correctness of this truth will later be confirmed to Valery, who remained in the helicopter, by his friend, Maxim Churkin, who commanded the 2nd State Special Forces: “As soon as the sides began to fall off, the “spirits” [8] on your “eight” from the RPG-7 shied away. They hit me from afar, so the self-destructor worked. It was a little short."

It’s good that Valery didn’t see this. The Vertushka went on aerial reconnaissance.

Valery sat next to the open door and looked at the city mosaic with interest. The private sector flashed below, then a nine-story building floated sedately under our feet. Then they were fired upon.

- Shoot, what are you waiting for? – Barsukov exhaled into Bear’s ear and he himself fired several long bursts on the roof of the high-rise building. Valery followed suit. Out of excitement, he did not immediately notice that he had set the safety to a single fire, then he recovered and fired several tracer bursts in the direction of the “spirits” settled on the roof.

Even a non-targeted burst of machine gun fire with tracers in the direction of the enemy unpleasantly tickles his nerves and, of course, affects the accuracy of his aiming. “Spirits” are also people, they are also afraid of death, therefore fire with tracer ammunition puts psychological pressure on the adversary[9].

- Is everyone okay? – Valery shouted to the soldiers. They nodded in unison. An enemy burst pierced the stern skin, very close to the ZKV-2 [10] senior sergeant Alexander Rassadkin, but - thank God! – neither he nor anyone else was hooked. In general, looking ahead, we hasten to reassure the reader: on that day, all special forces soldiers will be lucky. Sometimes undeservedly, despite mistakes, regardless of their expedient, not entirely appropriate and even not at all appropriate [11] actions. Every single one of the Russians will remain alive, and some will not even be injured. So, the Bear will escape with a shell shock, and in the evening of that day, being, like everyone else, stained with blood, feeling himself, he will understand that the blood is someone else’s.

Of course, in the quiet of their offices, wise atheists can tell something about self-hypnosis, military abilities, intuition and the theory of probability. But the Bear knows: when bullets whistle overhead and grenades explode nearby, and the balance of forces and the prospects for the development of the situation are clearly not in your favor, people for some reason cease to be atheists.

I wonder why?

Landing. The bear and the arriving fighters quickly take their place in the battle formation of their group, which has taken up a perimeter defense, and immediately joins the situation.

What happened here in the minutes while Valery was flying on aerial reconnaissance? Let us turn to the book by Alexander Lebedev “Special Forces Detachment “Rus””, written from the words of direct participants in the events:

“At the same time, as it seemed, from all sides, and especially from the boiler room of the electromechanical plant, heavy fire was opened on the disembarking special forces, and snipers began to work. Jumping out of a helicopter hovering above the ground, the fighters immediately took up positions and fired back. Junior Sergeant Matantsev, “Motyl”, was the first to notice the sniper’s position on the stoker’s chimney. They managed to destroy him with a targeted burst. The gunner of the armored personnel carrier assigned to the airfield guard was very helpful to the special forces. Having received target designation, with a short burst he literally cut off a militant running across the roof of the nearest five-story building, about two hundred meters from the airfield. However, the bandits’ fire did not subside.”[12].

An aviator officer who was in General Efimov’s group took on the functions of an aviation gunner and, turning on the radio station to communicate with the crews and dispatchers, called the “stripes.” Suddenly appearing above the airfield, the Mi-24, positioned in a “carousel” [13], carried out strikes on the plant buildings, according to the target designation of their “pilot”, with both unguided and guided missiles. Moreover, they were applied in an unusual way for special forces soldiers, not from behind, but from the front, over the head, cutting through the sky with rapid lightning volleys, which looked creepy. But the fighters quickly got used to this, although once one of the NARs[14], breaking away from the beam of a crocodile salvo, gasped with a resounding explosion very close to the Russian positions.

“Nothing, it’s normal,” the aviator commented into the radio. - All ours are intact, we are working.

Soon the gangsters' resistance centers were reliably suppressed. There was silence. A minute, two, three. Nobody shot at them anymore.

In complete silence, the voice of sniper Corporal Mikhailov suddenly sounded loudly:

— Commander, two “spirits”, distance 500.

“I confirm,” said Valery.

- I see defeat.

- Well done.

There was little snow, so the Bear ordered to take off and fold the camouflage coats.

Having dispersed across the airfield, the special forces began clearing it, collecting the first trophies. The remains of two burnt “turntables”, shot by militants during an attack with grenade launchers, stood out as black spots on the withered grass. The barracks, loudly called the air terminal, housed the headquarters of the special operation. Signalmen established contact with Khankala.

On that flight, Sasha Matantsev served as the radio operator of the commander of the 1st State Special Forces, so he carried the bulky P 159 on his back (that day it would save his life, acting as additional protection for the soldier).

Other units began to arrive at the airfield cleared of militants. At about 15.00, a Mi-26 transport arrived, delivering the BTR-80 2 gSpN together with the crew of the AGS-17 4 gSpN and a large group of fighters of the Stavropol riot police.

Finally, the situation with the militants who attacked the Dagestan city of Kizlyar has become clearer. It turned out that they were commanded by none other than Salman Raduev, the one who attacked Gudermes last December. Then the second group had already been “tested” in these events[15].

He managed to give an interview to one television company; the terrorist’s words were broadcast on all channels: “We will turn Kizlyar into ashes. We will fight here. We know where we have arrived. We are following General Dudayev’s orders and are ready to carry out any of his orders.”[16]

On December 14, 1995, Gudermes was captured by a gang of young (28 years old), ambitious Salman Raduev, a former Komsomol secretary, husband of the daughter of Dzhokhar Dudayev’s second cousin. Undoubtedly, the bastard dreamed of the laurels of Shamil Basayev (the latter for some reason treated him extremely lightly and even called him a “hysterical woman”). Very soon, dreams will begin to come true - after the January events of 1996, he will become the “Brigadier General of Ichkeria” and will not leave the TV screen and the pages of the media for some time. Later he will end his life in the Solikamsk “White Swan” and will be buried on the outskirts of the city cemetery in an unknown grave.

This will happen much later, but for now Raduev, driven out of Gudermes on December 23, 1995, urgently tried to do something great and “heroic” that could raise his shaken authority among his accomplices in Dudayev’s “army.” On January 9, 1996, he came to Kizlyar with his gang.

“The wolves have come to you!” – the gang leader announced, as soon as he gained access to the airwaves. Acting wolfishly, cruelly and insidiously, moving through the sleeping city along different routes - along the streets of Suvorov, Tsiolkovsky, Makhachkala, the bandits broke into nearby houses, driving the frightened residents out into the street. Screams of distraught people, curses and curses, interrupted by shots, filled the city. From now on, no one guaranteed the safety of these people. Now they are all bargaining chips in a monstrous bloody game, hostages. The unfortunate people were driven to the hospital complex, which, according to the militants’ plan, was to become their stronghold in this barbaric action,” writes R.A. in his article “Liberation of Kizlyar.” Ilyushchenko[17].

While the crew of the detachment’s armored personnel carrier, who had arrived by helicopter, was getting out of the field plowed with ditches, looking for a detour for their “steel horse,” Valery Medved was called to see General Efimov. The special forces soldier received from the head of the operation the task of using an armored personnel carrier, which was strengthening the security of the airfield, to advance to the battalion blocked by militants, located at the other end of the city. There was the headquarters of tactical group No. 6, with which it was not possible to establish contact. It was necessary to clarify the situation there, pick up the wounded from there and deliver them to the airfield for evacuation. The general appointed the chief of intelligence of the United Group as the senior group. Barsukov also traveled with him.

“Comrade Colonel,” Bear turned to the head of intelligence, a short colonel in a dark blue “Snow” jacket, “we have another armored personnel carrier from Khankala. Please wait 15 minutes before leaving. He has a full load of ammunition, not like the local one. At the local ammunition boxes you need to replenish what was shot during the day. Plus, on our armored personnel carrier there is an AGS crew.

“No, Comrade Senior Lieutenant,” the colonel snapped. “God knows what a difficult task it is, but it must be completed before dark.” It will be dark soon. We have to hurry.

“Comrade Colonel,” Valery said calmly but firmly. “We won’t complete the task without the second armored personnel carrier.” We always “box” at least in pairs. Mutual cover, assistance.

Valery was stunned: it would seem that the young officer had to remind the obvious truths to a man almost twice his age, with combat experience, an intelligence officer. But then, obviously, the scythe found a stone.

- Starley, are you pissing or what? – the colonel asked with feigned bewilderment and, as it seemed to Bear, contempt, slightly curling his lips.

The blood rushed to Valery's head.

- No way.

“Then go ahead to the people, set the task, we’ll leave in five minutes.”

Approaching the “local” armored personnel carrier, Medved asked whether the driver knew the way to the battalion. He nodded affirmatively.

- My friend, I ask you: don’t stop under any circumstances. No matter what happens around you, don't stop. Just go ahead, understand?

- Understood.

While the fighters of the first group took their places on the armor, the Bear asked the gunner:

— What about the ammunition?

— Tape 14.5. Fifty cartridges. And two boxes of 7.62. One hundred cartridges. These are equipped. And there is a lot of zinc. You just need to equip it.

- Understood. No time to equip. If anything, you will work than you have. Fire on my command.

— Is everyone seated? - this is already yours. – Barrels vertically up, cartridge in chamber – LOAD.

Two colonels climbed onto the armored personnel carrier. The scout dangled his feet into the crew commander's hatch. Barsukov positioned himself above the driver. The bear sat on the tower.

“Ready,” he said briefly to the intelligence chief.

“Forward,” he commanded.

“Well, with God,” said Valery. - Driver, go ahead.

At about 16.10 the group began to move.

The driver certainly knew the way. But he didn’t know that his usual route to the battalion ran past a hospital that had already been captured by militants. But no one at the airfield knew this - and could not know.

A few minutes later, the armored personnel carrier flew at full speed into the square in front of the hospital. In the square, a police car shot by bandits was burning out. Out of surprise, the driver suddenly braked and the engine stalled.

Bear seemed to have deja vu: June 17, 1995, Budyonnovsk. The same location of the hospital (not surprising, since it was built according to a standard design), the same windows with hostages, white rags on the windows. Only then there was a wasteland - now there is a square.

The militants, who saw an armored personnel carrier that had come from nowhere and stopped in front of the hospital, seemed to be at a loss. Have they really come to storm?

For about ten seconds, complete silence reigned over the square, which, it seemed, no one wanted to break: neither the militants nor the special forces.

Suddenly, flamethrower Alexander Popov slid off the armor. In Budyonnovsk, when entering the field in front of the hospital, he worked on the left side of Valery. In general, on June 17, 1995, the Bear was on the field between two Popovs, his fighter and his namesake from the third group. Popov from the 3rd State Special Forces was dismissed by doctors after the explosion of a landmine on October 6, 1995, placed on General Romanov. Popov was hit by an enemy bullet from the 1st State Special Forces on January 9, 1996.

The special forces soldier’s face turned white in a split second, and blood gushed out profusely from under the bulletproof vest from his back. As it turns out later, the wound was in the heart area by a sniper bullet that pierced the armored armor. Major blood loss. But the boy from the Arkhangelsk region will then, despite everything, survive. Moreover, his amazing, exceptionally strong love of life will also mean that he will subsequently be discharged from all hospitals and other medical institutions with the wording - for violating the regime. Drinking alcohol, going AWOL, harassing nurses and other adventures.

Immediately, bullets clicked loudly on the armored personnel carrier’s armor.

- Enemy on the right, to FIGHT! – the landing force dismounted from the armor and dispersed on the left side of the vehicle. Medical instructor Corporal Zhenya Orlov bent over the wounded man, providing him with assistance. Now the main thing is to numb the pain and somehow stop the bleeding.

The bear shouted to the gunner through the open hatch on the left:

- The tower - for three hours! [18] Figur! (of course, the original sounded a stronger word). “The gunner, a clever fellow, understood everything correctly and brought down the power of fire from his turret machine guns on the enemy holed up in the hospital. The fire of a 14.5 mm KPVT machine gun at a distance of 150-200 meters is truly deadly.

But a barrage of fire fell on them too. A shot from a grenade launcher went off. The gap echoed with a roar. The “spirit” shot at the wheel. The fierce, fleeting battle, in which Bear’s group found themselves in an open area just 150-200 meters from the hospital, threatened to end very sadly for the special forces. There was nowhere to hide except behind the armor of the armored personnel carrier. Soon the wounded appeared.

The bear looked to the right and saw how the intelligence chief, coming out from behind the cover of the armor, at full height, from the hip, fired at the militants in the hospital from his machine gun. Of course, it was a desperately brave, beautiful, but senseless act. A few seconds later, Valery saw that the colonel was lying face down on the asphalt, and his dark blue “Snow” jacket was swollen with thick blood in the lower back area.

“Load the wounded man into the armored personnel carrier,” the Bear shouted to his friends. - Eagle, help. - This is for the medical instructor.

There was no communication through any of the channels throughout the entire clash.

The armored personnel carrier slowly retreated, and the special forces, one by one pouring water on the windows of the hospital with their machine guns and machine guns, firing from grenade launchers, retreated behind them. The “spirits,” sensing that the desired prey was leaving, increased the fire. Explosions of RPG shots echoed loudly one after another. How many of them were produced for the armored personnel carrier? The fighters who took part in that clash later said that there were fourteen. Is not it? The bear didn't count. Fortunately, the “spirits” fired from grenade launchers from the corridor on the second floor of the hospital, from top to bottom, so the shots undershot, overshot, and ricocheted off the armor. The turret machine guns fell silent: the ammunition in the belts had run out. And then a more or less accurate RPG shot hit the turret, a cumulative jet pierced the narrow sickle on its roof, and seriously injured the gunner. He, holding his disfigured face with his hands, which was a shapeless bloody mass, on which neither eyes, nor nose, nor mouth was visible, climbed out through the left upper hatch of the armored personnel carrier and fell onto the step of the left side hatch. It is clear that during the explosion, the wounded who were in the armored personnel carrier received new injuries, for the second, and some for the third time. Zhenya Orlov rushed to the gunner. The armored personnel carrier rested its stern against a tree and stopped, honking loudly with a closed signal. It seemed that the wounded car was also screaming in pain.

Everyone remembers: from the direction they came from, an infantry fighting vehicle suddenly appeared. This cheered everyone up: the powerful BMP-1 gun would defeat the militants, cover the fighting special forces with its fire and, of course, help them get out from under fire. Not so. The BMP loomed for a few seconds and, turning around on the spot, disappeared into the nearest alley.

In the confusion of the battle, the driver of the car disappeared somewhere (later it will be discovered that after being wounded, he simply crawled into the landing compartment, to the rest of the wounded). The immobilized bulk of the armored personnel carrier stood helplessly, taking upon itself a leaden hail of bullets and shrapnel. The situation seemed hopeless, the density of fire from the bandits, who were shooting at Bear’s group at point-blank range, only increased. Almost everyone was now wounded. The bullets pierced the wheels and found more and more victims. Valery remembers this feeling when you are waiting for a bullet to finally find and hit you. The medical instructor, Corporal Orlov, used up his entire supply of promedol. Having already been seriously wounded, he injected himself with painkillers, administered first aid and continued to perform his duties. Only when he felt that he was losing consciousness, Evgeniy reported this to Bear and asked to lie down in the landing compartment of the armored personnel carrier with the rest of the wounded.

Senior Sergeant Alexander Rassadkin saved the situation. Being wounded in the arm, he managed to climb into the driver’s seat under fire and tried to start the stalled armored personnel carrier. At the same time, making his way to the steering wheel, he caught the second bullet - it hit him in the leg. Ignoring the pain and flowing blood, Rassadkin tried to revive the immobilized car. On the third or fourth attempt he succeeded. The armored personnel carrier shuddered and purred strainedly.

The wheel hubs were chewing on tires punctured in several places. Forcibly pumping them with air no longer helped. No wonder - on the left side the wheels were rubber scraps. Very slowly, backing away, the armored personnel carrier came out from under fire. The militants fired several grenades at the armored vehicle, but, fortunately, they all passed by. The special forces continued to fire back.

Finally they pulled back around the corner, beyond the reach of the “spiritual” fire. The bear gave the command to evenly distribute the seriously wounded throughout the landing compartment. The lightly wounded and survivors sat on the armor.

It should be noted that throughout the entire clash, despite the gravity of the situation, the special forces of the first group did not use their existing weapons such as RPO Shmel flamethrowers and RPG-26 disposable grenade launchers. Why? The answer lies on the surface: the Russians knew that there were most likely hostages in the hospital, and the use of such powerful ammunition could lead to the mass death of innocent people and the collapse of the hospital complex.

They returned to the airfield, bringing with them nine wounded. The inside of the armored personnel carrier was covered in blood, the turret was holed in two places, the machine guns were bent, the optics were broken, the wheels were chewed up and punctured. But the armored personnel carrier did the most important thing: it protected and saved people.

Soon Mi-8 helicopters arrived for sanitary evacuation. The soldiers loaded the wounded into the arriving helicopters (some, including “Motyl”, who was wounded in the foot, tried to refuse evacuation!), reloaded ammunition and began to spend the night in the air terminal building. Unfortunately, the doctors were unable to save the group’s intelligence chief; on the way to the hospital, the colonel died from his wounds. He turned out to be the only one of the participants in the battle who passed away that day and, although Bear believes that if it were not for his decision to ride in one “box” immediately, the result of the battle could have been different, in the memory of him and the fighters he remained desperately brave warrior. Eternal, blessed memory to him!

Other helicopters landed at the airfield one by one, delivering people and equipment. In the morning, the Vityaz special forces detachment, Moscow and Krasnodar SOBRs, and other special forces arrived at the airfield. The greatly thinned ranks of “Rus” united into one group, led by senior lieutenant Maxim Churkin. Valery Medved also joined it.

On January 10, information arrived about the exit of militants with hostages from Kizlyar. The leadership decided to assign the consolidated group of the 8 Special Forces "Rus" to the "Vityaz" detachment. Pervomayskoe awaited them ahead. There were six days left before the assault.

During the operation in the city of Kizlyar, 7 employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Dagestan, 2 servicemen of the internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, and 42 residents of Kizlyar were killed. 174 people were injured. 2,161 people were held hostage in the hospital[19].

Valery Gennadievich Medved, retired colonel, chairman of the Interregional public organization of veterans “Brotherhood of Veterans “Rus””,

Sergey Aleksandrovich Dotsenko, reserve lieutenant colonel, combat veterans

On the picture:

1. On the avatar: After the battle. Photo of junior sergeant Alexander Matantsev (“Motyl”). January 9, 1996 Photo by R.A. Ilyushchenko.

1. Commander of the United Group of Federal Forces in the Chechen Republic, Lieutenant General A.A. Shkirko at the command post. 12/24/1995 Gudermes has recently ended, Kizlyar is still ahead.

1. Salman Raduev.

1. Kizlyar airport immediately after the clash with the Raduevites holding hostages in the city hospital (junior sergeant A. Matantsev is sitting on the left, senior sergeant A. Andreev on the right, only the hand of senior lieutenant V. Medved is in the frame). January 9, 1996 Photo by R.A. Ilyushchenko.

1. 1 GSpN replenishes ammunition expended during the battle. January 9, 1996 Photo by R.A. Ilyushchenko.

1. Participants of the Kizlyar-Pervomayskoye CTO (in the center - Maxim Churkin, fourth from left, and Valery Medved, fifth from left). Photo by R.A. Ilyushchenko.

1. Kizlyar city hospital. 2004 Photo by R.A. Ilyushchenko.

1. Monument to the victims of the terrorist attack. Kizlyar, 2004. Photo by R.A. Ilyushchenko.

[1] https://ruskline.ru/analitika/2021/01/12/gudermes95

[2] EM – extraordinary circumstances.

[3] https://www.litmir.me/br/?b=17020&p=13

[4] In addition to the city of Kizlyar in the Republic of Dagestan, there is also the village of Kizlyar in the Mozdok region of the Republic of North Ossetia - Alania.

[5] “Crocodile”, “striped” (jarg.) – Mi-24 fire support helicopter.

[6] GKVV - Main Command of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, an integral part of the central apparatus of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the country, the body exercising operational and strategic control of the troops.

[7] Colonel Viktor Vadimovich Barsukov will subsequently become deputy head of one of the GKVV departments, major general. He will pass away at the age of 57, in August 2013.

[8] “Spirits” (jarg) is a name that came from Afghanistan for members of illegal armed groups claiming to belong to Islam.

[9] Adversary (other Russian) – enemy, adversary, enemy.

[10] ZKV-2 – deputy commander of the second platoon

[11] Experienced officers avoid the word “correct” when communicating, because what is correct in battle? -replacing it with the word “expedient”.

[12] https://www.litmir.me/br/?b=17020&p=13

[13] “Carousel” is an air tactical technique when aircraft stand in a circle and begin combat work. After delivering a strike, the helicopter (airplane) performs an energetic turn away from the target, while the next helicopter (airplane) approaching the target behind it anticipates the possibility of opening return fire from the enemy (covers the leader’s turn).

[14] NAR – unguided aircraft missile. Type of aviation weapons. After launch, the rocket makes an uncontrolled flight.

[15] https://ruskline.ru/analitika/2021/01/12/gudermes95

[16] https://www.litmir.me/br/?b=17020&p=13

[17] https://www.warchechnya.ru/pervaya-chechenskaya-vojna-osvobozhdenie-kizlyara/

[18] In special forces usage, target designations for hitting the enemy are given to the armored personnel carrier gunner by mentally imagining a horizontal watch dial coinciding with the plane of the armored personnel carrier.

[19] https://www.warchechnya.ru/pervaya-chechenskaya-vojna-osvobozhdenie-kizlyara/

Monument to Pyotr Ivanovich Bagration

The poor house in which the Russian commander was born and raised has not survived. Approximately at the place where he was located, a memorial to an outstanding fellow countryman was erected in Kizlyar. It consists of a large and massive bust of the general, mounted on a high pedestal, and an extensive stand at the back of the monument, with paintings from his biography. The brave warrior was Georgian by nationality; was born and raised on Dagestan soil, and in spirit and worldview he always considered himself Russian.

Monument to Pyotr Ivanovich Bagration

Location: intersection of Kirov and Bagration streets.

Religious sites

In Kizlyar there is the Cathedral Church of St. George the Victorious (built in 1995), as well as the Temple of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker (built in 1795) assigned to it, located in the cemetery, as well as the Holy Cross Convent with a temple in honor of the icon of the Mother of God “Recovery of the Lost” (1735- 1918, revived in 2007).

A spiritual and educational center was organized at the Council, at which a library of Orthodox literature was created; a Sunday school with about 150 children, and a charity refectory.

Address of St. George's Cathedral: st. Sovetskaya, 14.

St. George's Cathedral in Kizlyar

St. Nicholas Church at the Orthodox cemetery became the only temple that survived the years of Soviet power. It also runs a Sunday school.

Address of the Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker: st. Radishcheva 17.

The Holy Cross Convent is the same age as the city: it was founded in 1735, shortly after the creation of the Kizlyar fortress. True, the monastery was for men. It was repeatedly attacked by mountaineers, was ruined by them, but was revived again. In 1908, the monastery was converted into a convent. During the civil war it was liquidated and looted. It was revived only in 2007.

Location of the monastery: st. Road, next to the Orthodox cemetery.

The central mosque of Kizlyar is dedicated to the 200th anniversary of Imam Shamil. In April 2015, as a result of a fire, it was completely burned out from the inside. But it was rebuilt within a year and opened in the summer of 2016. At the southern entrance to the city, on Gamidov Street, there is another new mosque. And in the Cheryomushki microdistrict, on Tsiolkovsky Street, since 2016, construction has been underway on a huge mosque that can accommodate up to twenty thousand parishioners at a time. This mosque has three floors (18 meters), four minarets 21 meters high and a main dome.

Kizlyar - Caucasian capital of the Russian Empire

02/14/2012 /16:51/ History of Kizlyar, which was throughout the 18th - first half of the 19th centuries.
the Caucasian capital of the empire and at the same time the economic and political center of the peoples of the North-Eastern Caucasus, is of great interest. The city was founded in 1735 as a Russian fortress on the border of the empire in the lower reaches of the Terek (on the northern channel 65 km from the river’s confluence with the Caspian Sea). This place was the territory of influence of the Chechen people, was not the property of any of the other mountain peoples of that time and was free from the claims of neighboring powers. The land chosen for the fortified city was protected by nature itself and was of a strategic nature. Thus, since ancient times, the lower reaches of the Terek River in the North Caucasus were an important section on the Caspian trade route (Great Silk Road), connecting the East with the countries of the eastern and western parts of Europe. Therefore, settlements arose here relatively early, serving as trade, security, transshipment and defensive centers. Proof of the above are the remains of the so-called. Nekrasovskoye settlement, dating back to the 1st-3rd centuries. AD, and data from the author of the Arabic-language historical work “Derbend-name”, who, describing the wars of the Arabs with the Khazars in the 7th century, mentions the “Surkhab fortress”, which was also known as “Kyzylyar” (Red, Golden cliff). In 734, it was reached by the Arab commander Merwan, the future caliph of Baghdad, who destroyed it. Russian authors of the 19th century to the historical sights of the “Kizlyar district”. The ruins of ancient medieval fortresses were also included: “Guen-Kala”, “Kopai-Kala”, the Tyumen town and the Russian Terek fortress (Terki). It was founded in 1588-1589. and existed until 1723. At the very beginning of the 17th century. here a large Okochanskaya settlement was formed, inhabited by Chechen Aukhovs who were in the “sovereign service” and who, a century later, moved in full force to Kizlyar. The settlement itself, and then the city of Kizlyar, began in the 16th century. immigrants from Iran and Central Asia who established a trading post on the left bank of the Terek at the Kizlyar transport. These were merchants by occupation, called in Russian documents of the 16th-17th centuries. "theses". In addition to the merchant settlement, in this place at the end of the 16th - beginning of the 17th centuries. Terek governors founded the “Kizlyar Guard”, which was a kind of outpost, a customs post that guarded the crossing of the Terek and controlled the trade route here that connected the peoples of the Caucasus and Iran with Astrakhan and Russia. It is possible that it was this settlement, called Old Kizlyar, that Peter the Great visited in 1722, when he traveled around the Terek shores all the way to the village of Braguny in Chechnya. In 1723-1725 the garrison and mountain settlements of the Terek city, as well as part of the Terek Cossacks, are transferred to the lower reaches of the river. Sulak, to the location of the new fortress of the Holy Cross, established by the same Peter the Great during the Persian campaign. However, the new Russian border in the Caspian region, based on this fortress, did not last long. The Iranian power, strengthened under Nadir Shah, demanded the restoration of the former Russian-Iranian borders in the Caucasus. Shortly before this, in 1733, the united Crimean-Chechen army (Tsarevich Feti-Girey and Prince Aydemir) inflicted a decisive defeat on the river. Belaya (crossing area near Gudermes) to the Lieutenant General of the Russian service, the Prince of Hesse-Homburg, who was forced to lock himself in the fortress of the Holy Cross. This circumstance showed the insufficiency of the empire's means to protect the new border. The government of Empress Anna Ioannovna was forced to conclude a “friendly” Ganja Treaty with Nadirshah in 1735 and diverted the borders of the empire to the north to the extreme channel of the Terek. In the same 1735, General-in-Chief V. Ya. Levashov founded the Kizlyar fortress (Kizlyar fortress), where the Cossacks, North Caucasians, who had long been in the service of Russia (Chechens-Akkins, Kabardians, Kumyks, etc.), as well as Armenians and Georgians. The founding date of the Kizlyar fortress is considered to be October 27, 1735. The new Russian “city” outside the walls of the Kizlyar fortress consisted of settlement quarters, separated from each other by an earthen rampart: the Armenian settlement or Armentir, the Georgian settlement or Kurtse-aul, a quarter of mixed-tribal North Caucasians, those who converted to Christianity - Christian Village or Kristi-aul, Okochirskaya/Okochanskaya Sloboda or Okochir-aul - a quarter inhabited mainly by Chechens-Okochans and other immigrants from Chechnya, Cherkesskaya Sloboda or Cherkesskaya-aul, inhabited by Kabardians, Kazante-aul or Tatarskaya Sloboda, inhabited by Kazan Tatars, and Tezik-aul (merchant settlement), which occupied the eastern part of the city. These settlements enjoyed freedom of religion (there were mosques and even Muslim schools in which the highlanders of Chechnya studied) and were governed by a certain internal autonomy through their elders and “heads,” that is, elders - the heads of the settlements. The former Terek city Cossacks and the “newly baptized” highlanders who joined their class were resettled here near the fortress. On the left bank of the Terek between the Greben Cossacks and Kizlyar to the west of the fortress, the Agrakhan Cossack army, consisting of 452 families, settled. They formed the towns (stanitsa) of Borozdinovsky, Dubovsky and Kargalinsky. The settlers of these towns were called the Terek Family Cossack Army. On the left bank of the Terek between Kizlyar and the Caspian Sea, east of the fortress, 420 Cossack families were settled in several villages. And, naturally, the new fortress contained imperial regular infantry and cavalry units, sometimes up to several regiments, for which barracks and other necessary buildings were built. The fortress was rebuilt over time, and the construction of Kizlyar was carried out mainly according to the project developed in 1744 by the prominent fortification engineer General Lyuberas. In its final form, the fortress became a regular pentagon with five bastions and three ravelins. It was surrounded by strong walls with loopholes and watchtowers, an earthen rampart and a deep ditch filled with water. Cannons were installed on the walls of the fortress. The fortress had three gates: northern, eastern and southern. Drawbridges were adjacent to the gates. Military structures, a fort, salt and food warehouses, as well as a deep well with drinking water were erected inside the fortress. A stone cathedral church was also built here. To the southwest of the fortress, the first Russian, so-called, appeared. Soldatskaya Sloboda, where mostly retired soldiers and military personnel lived. In 1785, the Kizlyar fortress, by decree of Empress Catherine II, acquired the status of a district town of the new Caucasus province. At the beginning of 1786, the boundaries of the district were outlined: “Kizlyar district along the Kaspitsky sea to the mouth of the Terek and along it up to the very borders, where the dacha of the Grebensky army ends (between Chervlennaya and Kalinovskaya villages). From there straight to the north to the Kuma River; to the right of this line is the land of the Kizlyar district, to the left of the Mozdotsk district.” Thus, the Kizlyar district was distributed approximately equally between the modern regions of Chechnya and Dagestan. By 1800, not counting the military, about 5 thousand inhabitants lived in Kizlyar: including up to 1 thousand Okochans - descendants of people from Chechen societies, up to 1.5 thousand Armenians and 673 Georgians. The rest are Russians, Kabardians, Kumyks, Tatars and others. The appearance of Armenians on the Terek was associated with the name of the great reformer king: back in 1718, by decree of Peter the Great, the Armenian merchant Safar Barseghyan (Vasiliev) founded a “factory” for the production of silk yarn not far from Kizlyar, on the banks of the Terek. By the beginning of the 19th century. In Kizlyar and its environs, a number of handicraft-type factories and factories were already operating: 2 for the production of silk, 11 for fur and leather, 2 for the production of paints, 1 for the production of soap. In Kizlyar there were also 46 handicraft vodka factories that worked with raw materials from grapes. The importance that local winemaking had for the Russian economy did not go unnoticed by the government. In 1806, by decree of Alexander the First, a winemaking school with its own experimental garden was founded in the vicinity of Kizlyar. Experts from Germany were invited and brought with them new grape varieties. Kizlyar wines were exported to Moscow and Nizhny Novgorod, Kharkov and Stavropol. In the first half of the 19th century. The number and area of ​​vineyards around Kizlyar and along the Terek increases sharply. Kizlyar vineyards and factories produced several million buckets of wine and grape vodka, which covered half the needs for these products throughout the Russian Empire. By the beginning of the 19th century, as in the 18th century, the city played an important role throughout the south of Russia, being, in fact, the political and economic center of the empire in the North Caucasus. By that time, Kizlyar had become quite a large city. So, in 1811 it was five times larger than Simferopol, three times larger than Novocherkassk and Taganrog, slightly larger than Odessa, Poltava and Kharkov. By 1825, about 15 thousand people already lived in it (without troops and newcomers). After Kyiv and Astrakhan, it was considered the largest city in the southern part of Russia. In the Caucasus, only Tiflis, with a population of 30 thousand, was larger than Kizlyar. In terms of trade volume, Kizlyar occupied first place in the Caucasus and in Russia's foreign trade with the countries of the East. Kizlyar was of particular importance for the nearby peoples of Chechnya and Dagestan. In the XVIII - early XIX centuries. Kizlyar is a kind of “Russian capital” in the Caucasus. For a long time, the Kizlyar commandants held military and civil power over the “subject peoples” of the North-Eastern and Central Caucasus. Government institutions functioned here, and the commandant’s department maintained a large staff of translators from Arabic, Turkic and Caucasian languages. The Kizlyar commandants not only implemented the imperial policy towards the mountain peoples, but also, on behalf of the government and foreign departments, were in regular correspondence with the ruling princes of the North Caucasus and with representatives of states neighboring the Caucasus. Here, in the archive of the Kizlyar commandants, all correspondence for the 18th century with Chechen princes and elders, intelligence information, sometimes about the most distant mountain societies of Chechnya, as well as expeditions of the tsarist troops and their political results, was presented. A very representative body of documents is about the uprising of Imam Mansur and his campaign against Kizlyar in the summer of 1785. Kizlyar not only fought, negotiated, traded, concluded agreements or organized sometimes bloody punitive expeditions against Chechnya and Dagestan. For centuries, Kizlyar has developed its own traditions, culture and spirituality. Suffice it to say that in the 19th century. in Kizlyar there were 3 monasteries and 10 Christian churches, 7 mosques, a synagogue and a church. There were parish, military and national schools and colleges. Around the city, gardens and vineyards bloomed in abundance. The development of viticulture became the basis for the enormous success of Kizlyar wine producers, who became famous first for the production of special grape vodka “Kizlyarka”, and then, at the end of the 19th century, for the production of the first Russian cognac (in 2005, the Kizlyar Brandy Factory celebrated its 120th anniversary). An important source of income for the residents of the Kizlyar region was fishing for valuable sturgeon species. But in general, in the second half of the 19th century. the emergence of new cities and the displacement of important trade routes led to Kizlyar losing its significance as the main Russian city of the North Caucasus. There is a decline in trade and economy. At the same time, until the first decades of the 20th century. The demographic situation is also deteriorating: with a high mortality rate, the absence of an influx of population from other regions and the constant outflow of its own population, the population of Kizlyar compared to the mid-19th century. decreased by half. But the city, until the civil war in Russia, remained the center of the large Kizlyar district of the Terek region and the Kizlyar department of the Terek Cossack army. Economically and geographically, it was now not only connected, but dependent on the nearby industrial and commercial Grozny and the more distant Astrakhan. XX century period It turned out to be a difficult time for Kizlyar. The people of Kizlyar had to endure great trials during the civil war, when the city was under complete blockade for 4 months and was attacked more than once. Then, in 1918, Kizlyar was one of the first in the country, by order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Caspian-Caucasian Front, to be awarded the honorary title “Hero City of the Civil War.” It should be noted that during the Great Patriotic War, Kizlyar itself and the Kizlyar region participated in the construction of military fortifications on the approaches to the oil centers of the country - Grozny, Baku, and sent up to 10 thousand soldiers to the front. To its present situation, the Kizlyar region, which before the civil war was the so-called. The Kizlyar department of the Terek Cossack army, which included the villages along the Sunzha and Terek in Chechnya and almost all the Cossack lands of the lower reaches of the Terek in modern Dagestan, took a long time. Thus, on November 17, 1920, the liquidation of the Terek region took place and at the congress of peoples of the Terek region on the same day the Mountain Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was proclaimed as part of the RSFSR, which included 5 mountain national districts and 4 Cossack national departments: Pyatigorsk, Mozdok, Sunzhensky, Kizlyar, Chechen, Khasavyurt, Nazran, Vladikavkaz, Nalchik. The creation of the Mountain ASSR was secured by a decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of the RSFSR dated January 20, 1921. On January 20, 1922, the Mountain ASSR was reorganized: part of the territory with a Russian-speaking population (Mozdok department) became part of the Terek province of the North Caucasus region, and the other (Kizlyar department) was included in the Dagestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic along with the Khasavyurt district (Aukhov Chechens and Kumyks). By the decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of the RSFSR of November 16, 1922, practically the entire Russian left bank of the Terek within the borders of modern Chechnya and part of the Stavropol region (Achikulak region) for unclear reasons found itself within the borders of a purely agrarian multilingual mountainous Dagestan. Apparently, sound economic and political considerations prevailed, and by the final Decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of the USSR dated February 22, 1938, the former Kizlyar department and the Achikulak district, now as part of the Achikulak, Kayasulinsky, Karanogai, Kizlyar and Shelkovsky districts of the DASSR, were transferred to the Ordzhonikidze region (January 2, 1943 the city was renamed Stavropol Territory). On February 23, 1944, Chechens and Ingush were deported to Kazakhstan and Central Asia. On March 7, it was announced the abolition of the Chechen Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic and the formation of the Grozny Okrug as part of the Stavropol Territory. On March 22, the Grozny region was formed as part of the RSFSR (Decree of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of March 22, 1944). The territories of the former Chechen Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic were partially distributed to the Georgian SSR, SOASSR and DASSR. In turn, parts of the steppe lands of the Stavropol Territory adjacent to the Terek and Caspian Sea are transferred to the Grozny region. Kizlyar in the new region became a city of regional subordination and the center of the district of the same name. The following Terek and Caspian regions appeared as part of the Grozny region: Karanogaisky, Kargalinsky, Kayasulinsky, Kizlyarsky, Krainovsky, Naursky, Tarumovsky and Shelkovsky. The leading industrial region of the North Caucasus, the flagship of the USSR oil industry, thereby received its access to the Caspian Sea. On January 9, 1957, the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was restored by resolution of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR No. 721 of February 6, 1957. In connection with the formation of the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic and the return of the repressed peoples of Checheno-Ingushetia to their former place of residence, the former areas of the Grozny region that were not included in composition of the restored Chechen Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, included in other subjects of the RSFSR. Karanogai, Kizlyar, Krainovsky, Tarumovsky districts and the city of Kizlyar were transferred this time to the Dagestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. The Achikulak and Kayasulinsky districts became part of the Stavropol Territory, and the Kargalinsky, Naursky and Shelkovsky (once historical remote lands of Chechnya) remained part of the restored autonomy. This was done based on economic feasibility and with the aim of maintaining a larger share of the Russian-speaking population in the restored autonomy. Thus, from a brief excursion it is clear that the Caspian regions of Russia and Kizlyar in particular freely and repeatedly changed their territorial affiliation and configuration, based on the practical needs of the economic and political development of the southern part of Russia. This was largely explained by the peculiarities of the historical development of these steppe regions, which have changed their inhabitants dozens of times since ancient times. Islam BAUDINOV, Dukuvakha ABDURAKHMANOV