Sakhalin on the map of Russia, Sakhalin region. Where is the island, climate

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Description and location of the island

Sakhalin is located off the eastern coast of the Eurasian continent. Its area is 76.6 thousand km2. The island has an elongated shape in the north-south direction, about 950 km long.

From a geological point of view, Sakhalin is the northwestern part of the Pacific “Ring of Fire”, which also includes the Kuril Islands and the Japanese Islands. Island formations included in the “ring of fire” are characterized by earthquakes, often destructive, as well as volcanic eruptions. There are volcanoes on Sakhalin - mud volcanoes, not dangerous for people.

It is believed that the name of the island arose from the name of the Amur on an ancient map. The name "Sakhalyan-Ulla", belonging to the river and erroneously attributed to the island, was established thanks to later maps, where the island was called Sakhalin.

For residents of Japan, there is another name - Karafuto Island. The island is surrounded by the Seas of Okhotsk and Japan. Between the island and the mainland there are 2 straits - Tatarsky and Nevelsky.

The Nevelskoy Strait is narrow, less than 7.5 km wide, and is covered with ice in winter. The Sea of ​​Okhotsk and the Sea of ​​Japan are connected by the La Perouse Strait, which separates the Russian territory - Cape Krillon in the south of Sakhalin, from the northern Japanese island of Hokkaido. The strait is deep, on average 20-40 m, and wide (even at its narrowest part 43 km), which makes it convenient for navigation.

The relief of Sakhalin emphasizes its shape. Mountain ranges stretch along the coasts, with low-lying areas between them. The northern part of the island is low-lying, the southern part is predominantly mountainous with steep, rocky shores.

The coastline is indented, there are many small bays of round, elongated and bizarre shapes. Some bays are separated from the sea by coastal ledges or islands.

How to get to Sakhalin

Sakhalin on the map of Russia gives an idea of ​​the distance to it. The fastest way to get there is by plane. There are 2 options: fly to Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk or Vladivostok.

The most convenient way to get to the island is a non-stop flight from Moscow to Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk airport. The flight takes about 8.5 hours. Modern airliners are equipped with individual audio and video systems, and flight information is available to each passenger. Travelers are provided with hot meals, which are served twice. The time difference with Moscow is 8 hours.

If you were unable to purchase a ticket for a direct flight, you can fly to the international airport in Vladivostok, then by plane 2 hours to Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk.

Those wishing to see the country “from edge to edge” can be offered a train trip on the route Moscow – Vladivostok. There are 2 options: and the luxury tourist class “Imperial Russia”. The duration of the trip is at least 7 days. Then from Vladivostok in 2 hours by plane to Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk.

A more difficult option to get to Sakhalin is by ferry. The ferry service connects the mainland port of Vanino and the island port of Kholmsk. A regular bus runs between Kholmsk and Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk. You can get to Vanino by personal transport, but the road is of poor quality.

You can get to Vanino by train from Khabarovsk - 1 day, from Vladivostok - 2 days. The ferry journey takes about 12 hours. If desired, personal transport can be loaded onto the ferry by pre-booking a seat for it. There is a gas station in Kholmsk, the A-392 highway will lead to Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk in an hour.

List of districts of the Sakhalin region with cities

Sakhalin on the map of Russia shows the ratio of its area to the total area of ​​the Kuril Islands. The area of ​​Sakhalin significantly exceeds the total area of ​​the Kuril Islands. The regional center is the city of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk.

Sakhalin regions:

• Alexandrovsk-Sakhalinsky;
• Anivsky;
• Dolinsky;
• Korsakovsky;
• Makarovsky;
• Nevelsky;
• Nogliki;
• Okhinsky;
• Poronaisky;
• Smirnykhovsky;
• Tomarinsky;
• Tymovsky;
• Uglegorsky;
• Kholmsky.

Kuril regions:

• Kurilsky;
• North Kuril;
• Yuzhno-Kurilsky.

The names of district centers correspond to the names of districts.

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Climate features in different parts of the island

Sakhalin on the map of Russian climatic zones is located in the monsoon climate region of temperate latitudes. However, the climate varies from region to region. This is due to its geographical position (meridional elongation and location between seas with different characteristics), proximity to a huge continent and relief.

The proximity to Eurasia explains the general monsoon climate of the island - the wind direction is north and north-west in winter, and south and south-east in summer. The elongation of the island explains the difference in the amount of heat received by its northern and southern regions - it is colder on the northern shores than in the south.

The cold East Sakhalin Current runs along the coast of the Sea of ​​Okhotsk, while the coast of the Sea of ​​Japan is influenced by the warm Tsushima Current. Mountain ranges change the movement of air masses and protect river valleys from the invasion of cold. A special feature of the island is its seasonal temperature shift. Here February is the coldest month, August is the warmest month.

The most comfortable area for summer tourism is the Susunai Valley of southern Sakhalin, which opens wide into Salmon Bay, located in the intermountain basin.

The valley has moderately cold, rather humid winters with an average January temperature of -8°C, humid, not very hot summers from +15 to + 20°C. Summer precipitation prevails in August; in winter, snow drifts reach 0.5 - 1.0 m. However, snow does not last everywhere, so skiers are better off choosing other areas.

The Tymovskaya Valley of central Sakhalin is the most frozen place, as it is located between mountain ranges that prevent the penetration of wet sea masses that soften the frosts. The average February temperature is -26°C, the minimum is -54°C. Summer is hot, sometimes the temperature rises to +30-38oC, but frosts are possible at times.

In addition to special areas, there are typical climatic characteristics of the entire island, as well as its north and south. Summers are humid and cool, fog and rain are common, but the northern regions warm up less.

Winter is snowy, with snowstorms. Snow avalanches occur in the mountains, in some places the snow depth reaches 8 m. In the north, winter conditions have been observed since the last days of October; in the south, winter comes a month and a half later.

The specificity of Sakhalin is typhoons coming from the expanses of the Pacific Ocean. In summer there are strong winds reaching hurricane speeds and heavy rains, with possible floods, landslides and mud flows, and destruction in populated areas. In winter there are snowstorms for several days, snow drifts up to 2 m, broken wires, disruption of transport.

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Basic moments

Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk is located in a river valley, surrounded by picturesque hills, brightening up the rather monotonous city landscape.
The city was built during the Soviet era, and its architecture cannot be called expressive. No high-rise buildings are being built in Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, since it is located in a zone of high seismic activity, although a number of large Japanese and South Korean companies periodically present bold projects for the construction of skyscrapers to the city authorities. For now they are at the discussion stage. There are many monuments to outstanding figures in Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, and there are memorials dedicated to significant events in the military history of the island. Local attractions include several colorful buildings that have been preserved from the beginning of the last century - the period when Southern Sakhalin belonged to Japan. The most beautiful ancient buildings house interesting museums. However, the Japanese heritage is a rather modest decoration of old Toyohara, as Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk was called for four decades.

There are a lot of cars in the city, most of them are used cars imported from Japan. An overabundance of cars affects the ecology of the city; the air is especially polluted in the central regions, where smog often hangs. However, the closer you are to the surrounding hills, the easier it is to breathe.

Square named after G.I. Nevelskogo in Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk

As on the entire island, separated from the mainland by the Strait of Tartary, prices in Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk are quite high, this applies to accommodation, food, and transport. But it is worth saying that most city hotels and restaurants demonstrate very decent service. The most popular restaurants here are Japanese and Korean cuisine.

Many tourists come to Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, especially during the navigation period, from April to October, when cruise ships call at the port city of Korsakov, located 40 km from it. The largest of them is the Diamond Princess, which makes sailing tours around Japan. Citizens of Japan visit Southern Sakhalin all year round, because the island is connected with this country by a long history. Our compatriots come here to get acquainted with the rich island nature, which differs sharply from the continental one. From Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, travelers follow hiking routes leading to mountain peaks, go on bus excursions to clean lakes, thermal springs, and to the most beautiful corners on the coast of the Sea of ​​Okhotsk and the Gulf of Tatar, where you can have excellent fishing, and in the summer, sunbathe and even swim in the invigoratingly cool sea water.

History of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk

Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk owes its foundation to officials of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Empire, who in the 50s of the last century decided to conduct an experiment on the re-education of especially dangerous criminals through free labor in a “separate zone.” To implement this idea, borrowed from the British, who similarly colonized the Australian continent, the authorities chose the island of Sakhalin, located on the very edge of imperial Russia. The first stage of prisoners was sent to distant Sakhalin in 1858, and in 1875 the island was officially declared a place of exile and hard labor. Upon expiration of the sentence of hard labor, former prisoners received the status of exiled settlers. They were given simple household equipment, a set of provisions, building materials and sent to a free settlement in the taiga, obliging them to independently develop plots of land and build housing.

However, things went slowly, and in 1881 it was decided to establish permanent settlements for former prisoners on land suitable for arable farming. One of them became the “ancestor” of modern Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk. In 1883, the remote taiga village received its own name - Vladimirovka, after Major Vladimir Yantsevich, who was in charge of economic issues in the management of the South Sakhalin District. Vladimirovka is located near the Susui River, near the main postal route connecting the seaside town-post of Korsakov with the northern regions of Sakhalin. According to some information, previously there was a settlement of free peasants here, who left it either because of a fire that destroyed their homes, or because of a ferocious bear that had become a habit on the farmstead and regularly killed livestock.

The first inhabitants of Vladimirovka were exiled settlers, as well as guards, for whom houses were built. The fertile lands, meadows, and timber surrounding the village contributed to its fairly rapid development. Initially, 57 people lived here, and in 1897, according to the first All-Russian population census, there were already about 150 residential and utility buildings in Vladimirovka. It had its own church and parish school, post office, hospital, and trading shops. Life in the village was not much different from life in other remote corners of Tsarist Russia. A sharp turn in the history of the settlement occurred in 1905, when Southern Sakhalin, according to the Portsmouth Peace Treaty between Russia and Japan, went to the Land of the Rising Sun. Most of the Russian settlers were evacuated from the island, and the Japanese quickly caught and shot those convicts and former prisoners who went on the run and engaged in robbery. Karafuto Prefecture was established on the territory of Southern Sakhalin, the center of which in 1908 was Vladimirovka, which received a new name - Toyohara (“Valley of Fertility”). The former small village began to grow rapidly, from here a railway line stretched to the port of Korsakov. In 1915, Toyohara was granted city status.

The Japanese introduced a clear rectangular system of street layout, arranging them along the railway and perpendicular to it, and laid out a city park with an artificial pond. The blocks were built up densely; residential buildings did not have outbuildings or courtyards. Four main streets were paved, the others remained unpaved and had no sidewalks. The majority of the population were Japanese and the Koreans they colonized. The former Russian village gradually acquired the appearance of a typical Japanese town, but in 1945, after the signing of an agreement between the USA, Great Britain and the Soviet Union on the USSR's entry into the war with Japan, Soviet troops entered the territory of South Sakhalin. The Japanese were evicted from the island, but most of the Koreans remained.

In 1946, Toyohara was renamed Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, which became the center of the region of the same name. The appearance of the city changed again - the light frame houses built by the Japanese were demolished, and today, except for the railway and some buildings that have survived from those times, in which museums are located, nothing reminds of their short-lived presence. Today the city's population is about 200,000 people, the vast majority are Russians. A tenth of them are Koreans; their South Sakhalin community is considered the largest in Russia. The city is often visited by Europeans and Americans - representatives of oil companies involved in the development of fields in the north of Sakhalin. The names of the central streets of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk are duplicated in English. Foreigners live in the outskirts of the city, in the village of Zima, where there are neat houses with lawns, a tennis court and the best swimming pool with sauna in all of Sakhalin. You can only get there with a pass.

Geography and climate

The name of the city accurately determines its location on the island, stretching meridianally from the northern Cape Elizabeth to the southern Cape Crillon. 25 km separate Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk from the shores of Aniva Bay, which is wide open to the south, and almost the same distance from the coast of the Sea of ​​Okhotsk. 50 km west of the city - the shores of the Tatar Strait, connecting the Sea of ​​Okhotsk and the Sea of ​​Japan and separating Sakhalin Island from Eurasia. The distance between Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk and Vladivostok, the center of the Far Eastern Federal District, is 1653 km. Planes flying from Moscow to the main city of Sakhalin cover 6,400 km. Time in Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk is 8 hours ahead of Moscow.

The city lies in the valley of the Susui River, surrounded by hills to the west and east. 15 km to the northeast rises Chekhov Peak (1045 m), the highest peak of the Susunaisky ridge. To the west of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk stretches the Yuzhno-Kamyshevy Range, covered with mixed deciduous forests and taiga - part of the Western Sakhalin Mountains.

In Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, located in a valley protected by hills, the climate is distinctive, demonstrating a sharper contrast than in other coastal cities of the island. In summer it can be very hot here, and in winter, due to the lack of wind, the air becomes very cold; severe frosts are not uncommon. The minimum temperature in the city (–36 °C) was recorded in 1961, the maximum temperature (+34.7 °C) was recorded in 1999.

Summer comes to Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk in mid-June - early July. Humid and muggy summer weather is unstable. The rainiest month is July, the hottest month is August. Average daily temperatures: +21…+23 °С, but often the air warms up to +25 °С, and sometimes up to +30…+32 °С. Warm weather reigns here until mid-September; during this period, daytime temperatures usually exceed 20 degrees. In October it becomes much colder and freezes at night. In mid-November, winter comes into its own in Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, the air temperature drops to -10...-5 °C.

The coldest winter month is January, when temperatures can vary from -28 °C to -12 °C. In January and February there are frequent snowstorms and snow drifts, which leads to transport chaos. Thaws can occur in any winter month; they usually last 1-2 days. The snow cover that usually forms in Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk by the end of November disappears by the beginning of May, although already in April the average daily temperature exceeds 0 °C. The weather in spring is very capricious - it warms up slowly and abruptly, in May there can be both frosts and sudden warming up to +25 ° C.

Sights of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk

Like most cities on the island, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk looks modest. The vast majority of buildings are faceless panel “Khrushchev” buildings and more respectable “Stalin” buildings; modern new buildings add some originality to the urban landscape. The central street, traditionally named after the leader of the world proletariat, stretches across the entire city from north to south, parallel to the railway. The adjacent and intersecting streets, following a clear rectilinear layout, form a kind of square; it is very convenient to navigate in the center. From the west it is limited by the railway track, from the north by Sakhalinskaya Street, from the east by Komsomolskaya Street, and from the south by Pobeda Avenue. The Susuya River flows to the northwest from the center, flowing into the Sea of ​​Okhotsk. About a dozen more rivers and streams flow within the city limits, but there is only one landscaped embankment - in a short section along the Rogatka River.

In 1946, Toyohara was renamed Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, which became the center of the region of the same name. The appearance of the city changed again - the light frame houses built by the Japanese were demolished, and today, except for the railway and some buildings that have survived from those times, in which museums are located, nothing reminds of their short-lived presence. Today the city's population is about 200,000 people, the vast majority are Russians. A tenth of them are Koreans; their South Sakhalin community is considered the largest in Russia. The city is often visited by Europeans and Americans - representatives of oil companies involved in the development of fields in the north of Sakhalin. The names of the central streets of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk are duplicated in English. Foreigners live in the outskirts of the city, in the village of Zima, where there are neat houses with lawns, a tennis court and the best swimming pool with sauna in all of Sakhalin. You can only get there with a pass.

Geography and climate

The name of the city accurately determines its location on the island, stretching meridianally from the northern Cape Elizabeth to the southern Cape Crillon. 25 km separate Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk from the shores of Aniva Bay, which is wide open to the south, and almost the same distance from the coast of the Sea of ​​Okhotsk. 50 km west of the city - the shores of the Tatar Strait, connecting the Sea of ​​Okhotsk and the Sea of ​​Japan and separating Sakhalin Island from Eurasia. The distance between Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk and Vladivostok, the center of the Far Eastern Federal District, is 1653 km. Planes flying from Moscow to the main city of Sakhalin cover 6,400 km. Time in Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk is 8 hours ahead of Moscow.

The city lies in the valley of the Susui River, surrounded by hills to the west and east. 15 km to the northeast rises Chekhov Peak (1045 m), the highest peak of the Susunaisky ridge. To the west of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk stretches the Yuzhno-Kamyshevy Range, covered with mixed deciduous forests and taiga - part of the Western Sakhalin Mountains.

In Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, located in a valley protected by hills, the climate is distinctive, demonstrating a sharper contrast than in other coastal cities of the island. In summer it can be very hot here, and in winter, due to the lack of wind, the air becomes very cold; severe frosts are not uncommon. The minimum temperature in the city (–36 °C) was recorded in 1961, the maximum temperature (+34.7 °C) was recorded in 1999.

Summer comes to Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk in mid-June - early July. Humid and muggy summer weather is unstable. The rainiest month is July, the hottest month is August. Average daily temperatures: +21…+23 °С, but often the air warms up to +25 °С, and sometimes up to +30…+32 °С. Warm weather reigns here until mid-September; during this period, daytime temperatures usually exceed 20 degrees. In October it becomes much colder and freezes at night. In mid-November, winter comes into its own in Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, the air temperature drops to -10...-5 °C.

The coldest winter month is January, when temperatures can vary from -28 °C to -12 °C. In January and February there are frequent snowstorms and snow drifts, which leads to transport chaos. Thaws can occur in any winter month; they usually last 1-2 days. The snow cover that usually forms in Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk by the end of November disappears by the beginning of May, although already in April the average daily temperature exceeds 0 °C. The weather in spring is very capricious - it warms up slowly and abruptly, in May there can be both frosts and sudden warming up to +25 ° C.

Sights of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk

Like most cities on the island, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk looks modest. The vast majority of buildings are faceless panel “Khrushchev” buildings and more respectable “Stalin” buildings; modern new buildings add some originality to the urban landscape. The central street, traditionally named after the leader of the world proletariat, stretches across the entire city from north to south, parallel to the railway. The adjacent and intersecting streets, following a clear rectilinear layout, form a kind of square; it is very convenient to navigate in the center. From the west it is limited by the railway track, from the north by Sakhalinskaya Street, from the east by Komsomolskaya Street, and from the south by Pobeda Avenue. The Susuya River flows to the northwest from the center, flowing into the Sea of ​​Okhotsk. About a dozen more rivers and streams flow within the city limits, but there is only one landscaped embankment - in a short section along the Rogatka River.

In the central part of the capital of Sakhalin, several buildings representing Japanese heritage have been preserved. So, on Lenin Street you can see a beautiful building in a pseudo-classical style, built in 1930 for the Hokkaido Development Bank. It is decorated with double columns, false pediments, and vertical narrow window openings. Today the Sakhalin Art Museum is located here. The large hall on the first floor is intended for traveling exhibitions; on the second floor there are permanent exhibitions “Christian Art”, “Russian Art of the Late 19th – Early 20th Centuries”, “Art of Korea”.

On Kommunistichesky Prospekt, crossing Lenin Street, is located the most beautiful building in Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, made in the traditional Japanese style of teikan-zukuri (“Imperial Crown”). The Sakhalin Museum of Local Lore is located within its walls. There are no other similar buildings in Russia, and it is an indispensable object of sightseeing tours around the city. Adjacent to the museum is a wonderful Japanese garden, designed in the likeness of the garden at the Skansen Museum in Stockholm. The most expressive element of the building is the tiled roof, typical of a medieval Japanese palace. According to the architect Yoshio Kaizuki, the building itself symbolizes a dragon, and its main entrance, facing the north, is an open mouth, which probably visualized Japan's claims to Northern Sakhalin, which was transferred to the Soviet Union under the Beijing Treaty of 1925.

Monument to G.I. Nevelsky in Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk

The museum has been in this building since 1937, when it was called the Karafuto Museum. There were exhibitions dedicated to the history, culture, geology, ethnography, flora and fauna of Sakhalin. In 1953, the collection was replenished with the funds of the local history museum, previously located in Aleksandrovsk-Sakhalinsky. The museum's rich collection is located on two floors. It is open every day except Monday. The cost of visiting is 100 rubles.

Next to the museum is the building of the former city hall of the city of Toyohara, built in the mid-20s of the last century. Today there are numerous offices located here. To the left of the building, among the trees, is hidden the pedestal of a stele erected in memory of the visit to Toyohara of Crown Prince Hirohito, the future Emperor of Japan.

On Nevelskogo Street is the oldest building in Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, built in 1908 for the headquarters of Japanese troops stationed in the Karafuto region. From 1945 to the present day, a garrison court has been located here. Several more buildings dating back to the period before 1945 are owned by the Russian Ministry of Defense. Entry there is closed or limited.

There are many monuments in Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk; the most beautiful among the townspeople is the statue of the Russian admiral, explorer of the Far East, Gennady Nevelsky. There are monuments in the city to Chekhov, Krusenstern, and other famous people whose fate was connected with Sakhalin.

On one of the main squares of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk - Victory Square - there is a memorial created in honor of the soldiers who died during the Great Patriotic War and during local conflicts. Nearby is the majestic Cathedral of the Nativity of Christ, built in the tradition of Novgorod churches. This is the largest Orthodox church in the Far East, its total height is 77 m. The bells for the belfry, and there are only 30 of them, were cast in Moscow, Voronezh, and the Urals, and installed using a crane specially brought from Australia. The main entrance is decorated with a mosaic created by Jerusalem craftsmen. The cathedral was consecrated in 2016.

Another iconic landmark of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk is the Resurrection Cathedral, located near Glory Square. On the square itself there is a memorial complex dedicated to the soldiers and officers who died during the liberation of South Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands. From Glory Square you can go up to the parade ground where military equipment is displayed, and from there you can go to a miniature house with a gable roof, which until 1945 served as the treasury of the main Shinto shrine of the Karafuto governorate. The temple was built in 1911 on the slope of a hill, from where beautiful panoramas of the city and valley opened up.

Japan's military victories at the beginning of the last century formed the tradition of placing trophies on temple grounds. A Russian long-range artillery gun, which was stationed in the coastal defense fort of Port Arthur, and a smokestack of the Russian cruiser Novik, sunk by its crew at the Korsakov post, were installed near the temple in Toyohara. Today the gun can be seen near the walls of the Local History Museum. In 1931, Crown Prince Hirohito donated a bronze bell, a golden sword, a bow and silk cloth to the temple. The treasury was built to store precisely these relics. During the Soviet era, it was used as a utility room at the dacha of the secretaries of the regional committee of the CPSU, which was built on the site of a demolished temple.

Inland waters

Sakhalin on the map of Russia is a region with a dense river network. However, most rivers are small rivers, mostly mountainous. There are only two rivers on the island more than 300 km long, and several more 120-130 km long.

There are more than 16 thousand lakes on the island.

The largest ones are of the lagoon type. Small lakes are represented by oxbow lakes, thermokarst and dammed lakes in mountainous areas.

Neva Lake on Sakhalin

Of these, the first 4 rivers flow into various bays of the Sea of ​​Okhotsk, the last one into Lake Nevskoye.

Features of the flora and fauna of Sakhalin

Due to the peculiarities of the Sakhalin climate, the flora of the island requires separate consideration for each climatic region.

For the northern part, where plains and many wetlands predominate, mosses and lichens are ubiquitous. In rare meadows there are forbs and sedges. Taiga massifs consist mainly of larches and cedars. To the south, spruce and fir trees appear; dwarf cedar dominates the mountain slopes.

The most interesting is the flora of southern Sakhalin. Northern taiga and southern species coexist here. Spruce and larches are entwined with vines of wild grapes and lemongrass. Hydrangea and rhododendron shrubs among yews and yellow maples.

The dwarf cedar grows next to the cork tree, mountain sakura and weigela. The hollies are surrounded by ferns. In the undergrowth there are often impenetrable thickets of Kuril bamboo. In the river valleys, willows and alders common to the middle zone are common, and oaks and ash trees are also found. The fauna of Sakhalin is not rich.

These are mainly taiga representatives:

• Brown bear;
• wolverine;

• fox;
• white hare;
• squirrel;
• chipmunk;
• ermine;
• weasel.

There are still wild reindeer in the north. There are many birds on Sakhalin; some stop here to rest on their way if they fly from afar. Indigenous species are common to the taiga and forests of Russia. On some secluded lakes, white swans breed their chicks in the summer. In the forests of southern Sakhalin there are birds and butterflies characteristic of the more southern region - the island of Hokkaido.

The world's largest fur seal rookery is registered on Tyuleniy Island.

YUZHNO-SAKHALINSK

YUZHNO-SAKHALINSK, city in Russia, adm. center of the Sakhalin region and mountains districts. Us. 193.7 thousand people (2016). Located in the southeast of the island. Sakhalin, on the river Susuya. Junction of railways and roads. Intl. airport.

Founded in 1882 as the village of Vladimirskaya (later Vladimirovka). Received its name after the beginning. Korsakov district of Major V. N. Yantsevich. Among the exiled settlers, Vladimirovka was called the Black River. To the beginning 20th century successful agricultural the colony. After the signing of the Portsmouth Peace of 1905 as part of Japan; since 1907 Toyohara (Toyohara). Railway traffic is open. lines Korsakov - Vladimirovka (1906), Toyohara - Sakaehama (Starodubskoye) (1911); Coal mining began in the surrounding area in 1908. In 1908–45 adm. center of the governorate of Karafuto and adm. district within it. Since 1915 the city. In 1917, a pulp and paper mill was launched, in 1936 - a sulfite-alcohol and sugar plant, and in 1943 - a plant for processing fur seal and seal skins. During the Soviet-Japanese war 1945 the city was occupied by air on August 25, 1945. landing of the Red Army. Until December 30, 1945, a number of Japanese bodies were in operation. administration, along with them, the Sov. was created on September 24, 1945. citizen control. In 1946–47, the center of the South Sakhalin region and the regional center. Since June 1946 modern Name. Since Apr. 1947 adm. center of the Sakhalin region. In 1977 the mountains were significantly expanded. trait. Since 2005, the center of the mountains. districts.

Japanese buildings have been preserved. period: buildings of the headquarters of the security forces (1908, now a military court), city. hospitals (early 1930s; now a military hospital), Nichionachi bridge across the river. Susuya (1930–31), etc. Among the buildings of the 1950–60s: the Dalnevostochnik hotel (1951), the Komsomolets cinema (1953), the former building. the Sovremennik bookstore (1954), the Sakhalin department store (1962–63; all in the neoclassical style). In the 1960s formed square Lenin with the building of the City Executive Committee and the monument to V.I. Lenin (1970, sculptor E.V. Vuchetich). Also in South-S.: railway. station (1979–80), House of Trade (1980–87), Resurrection Cathedral (1992–1994, architect S. M. Michenko), Church of St. James (2001), 5-domed Cathedral of the Nativity (2012–15) . Memorial complexes: in honor of the liberation of Yuzh. Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands in 1945 (1980), “Victory” (2016). Monument to G. I. Nevelsky (2013, sculptor A. A. Ustenko).

Among scientific institutions - Sakhalin scientific. center of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences [1998, it includes the Institute of Moral Sciences. Geology and Geophysics (1946) and Special. KB of marine automation equipment. research (1978)], Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography (1932). Sakhalin State University (history dates back to 1949, current status since 1998), branches of universities in Khabarovsk, etc. Ch. Library – Regional Universal Scientific (1947). Sakhalin regional local history (1946; in the building of the Karafuto Governorate Museum in the national Japanese teikan-zukuri style, 1935–37, architect Yoshio Kaizuki; see illustration for the article. Sakhalin Region) and art. (founded in 1983, opened in 1989; in the building of the former Hokkaido Takushoku Bank, 1930) museums, literary art. Museum of A.P. Chekhov’s book “Sakhalin Island” (1995). Regional center people. creativity (1950). Sakhalin International theater center named after A. P. Chekhov (founded in 1930 in Aleksandrovsk-Sakhalinsky, since 1947 regional drama theater in South-S., since 1954 named after Chekhov, since 1992 modern name and status; building 1962–64, project by architect. E. N. Chechika, reconstructed in 2011–2015). Basic music groups: Rus. adv. choir (1967), Ensemble Russian. adv. instruments “Bratchina” (2005; as part of the Sakhalin State Philharmonic, 2011), groups of the Sakhalin College of Arts (founded in 1959 as a music school). Intl. military festival orchestras "Spasskaya Tower on Sakhalin" (since 2010).

Among the sports facilities are the Spartak stadium (1974; 4 thousand seats) and the Crystal Ice Palace (2013; 1 thousand seats), where the Sakhalin football and hockey clubs perform, as well as the Dynamo stadium, an ice "Arena City" complex, "Mountain Air" ski complex, etc.

Large economical center of the region. Branches of the largest Russian companies are located here. and regional commercial banks, the headquarters of the Sakhalinenergo company, offices of companies operating in the field of production, transportation and processing of oil and natural gas; retail facilities of large retail chains. Enterprises of the food-flavoring industry, production of building materials (including cement), etc. CHPP-1 (over 450 MW).

Minerals

The island's mineral resources are very diverse. The main one is oil and gas deposits. Thanks to this, Sakhalin hosts a unique gas liquefaction facility, which, along with oil, is successfully exported.

High quality hard coal is actively mined and used locally. Deposits of gold and germanium are important. Currently, a rich deposit of chromite ores has been discovered. Large-scale construction is underway on Sakhalin, so the extraction of limestone for cement production is also a priority.

In addition, there are many small ore occurrences of non-ferrous metals, but they have not yet been developed. The region is characterized by valuable mineralized and hot underground waters, since the island is located in the Pacific “Ring of Fire” zone.

Attractions

Sakhalin on the map of Russia is located far from major cities, and this is a good reason for an excursion route. There are interesting places in Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk that are accessible to visit, as they are located in the central part of the city. You can get there by city buses.

Sports and Tourist Complex "Mountain Air"

From a special platform on Mount Bolshevik you can see the city and the hills surrounding it. You can walk or take the cable car up.

It operates all year round and begins on Victory Square. At night, the complex glows with illuminated lights.

Bear Museum

The museum contains exhibits characterizing the life and culture of the 18th-21st centuries. Attention is drawn to numerous toys in the form of bears, as well as products from famous Russian creative centers.

Workshops of various types, a garden with live butterflies, and a planetarium are available to visitors. The museum is located on the 6th floor of the City Mall. You can get there by bus from any area of ​​the city, including the airport and train station.

Memorial to Soviet soldiers

Memorial to the memory of soldiers who died during the battles of 1945 on the territory of Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands. This is an extensive complex with military equipment, sculptures, busts of Heroes of the USSR.

The dead are named on the wall of memory. The Eternal Flame burns in their honor. In 2022, the memorial's guns and tanks, which were damaged by bad weather, were restored. The complex is located on Glory Square in the city center.

Sakhalin Regional Museum of Local Lore

Located on Kommunistichesky Avenue in the building of the former Japanese Museum. On the territory of the museum complex there is a park with a fountain and interesting exhibits. Free admission. Internal exhibitions tell about the history and nature, the culture of indigenous peoples, and the modern development of the region. The paleontology department introduces organisms that inhabited the region millions of years ago.

Sakhalin Zoobotanical Park

The zoobotanical park occupies a vast area on Detskaya Street. True to its name, it is a botanical park with a zoo. Among the plants there are local wild plants, cultivated species, vines, herbs, and mushrooms.

The zoo contains mammals and birds, and it is interesting to visit the exatarium. At the petting zoo you can touch the animals. At the zoo you have the opportunity to see representatives listed in the Red Book.

Chekhov Peak

The Susunai mountains are not very high, only 2 peaks rise above 1 thousand m. These are the peaks of Pushkin and Chekhov. The height of Chekhov Peak is 1045 m, Pushkin Peak is slightly higher. Chekhov Peak is located near Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk. The climb is not the most difficult, but appropriate shoes are required. You can climb to the top along a path where dangerous areas are marked, ropes are stretched, and some stones are painted.

In some places there are plants and birds from the Red Book. Although this is a favorite vacation spot for many city residents, there are still areas of untouched landscapes. During the Japanese occupation of the island, a small temple was built on the highest platform, the remains of which are still visible.

When climbing to the top, you can get acquainted with plants typical of Sakhalin: dwarf cedar and Kuril bamboo, rhododendrons and dwarf birches. From the top a beautiful panorama opens up - hills, lakes, bays and Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk. From the city to the foot it is easy to reach by car or on foot from the Yuri Gagarin Park. You can purchase a 10-hour excursion from 9 a.m. to 7 p.m.

Cape Giant

The natural monument Cape Giant is a huge remnant of dense rock, ground by the wind over many thousands of years. But he is not the only one here; the entire coast up to Cape Ptichy looks like a museum of bizarre stone figures. The forest goes down almost to the water itself. Tourists can see bird colonies, seal rookeries, and the summer migration of pink salmon to spawn.

Fans of car trips should not rush to the shore in early spring, as part of the route passes along the coastal strip. The route is made more convenient by a bulldozer, which clears it at the start of the tourist season. If you wish, you can join the excursion, which lasts 10 hours and starts in Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk.

Korsakov sea trade port

The small town of Korsakov is located in Aniva Bay. Many berths, harbor cranes, and a clean area indicate the development and importance of the harbor. Tankers and dry cargo ships, small passenger ships and container ships are loaded here.

Cruise ships also arrive at the piers. The port provides connections between the island and the Kuril Islands and Japan. To see the panorama of the city and port, you can go up to the observation deck. The road to Korsakov does not take much time: about 1 hour by regular bus or train, less than 1 hour along the highway by private car.

The main lighthouse in Kholmsk

The small port city of Kholmsk is located on the southwestern coast of Sakhalin. There are 5 lighthouses in the city, some of them are Japanese, some are Soviet. The main lighthouse began operating in 1958.

It is a striped tower made of reinforced concrete, rising 67 m above sea level, although its height is 29 m. The lighthouse performs 2 tasks - it acts as a light and radio beacon. The light signal turns on every night, regardless of the time of year.

A regular bus leaves from Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk to Kholmsk every hour. By car you can drive along the highway in 1.5-2 hours. There is a dirt road from the city to the lighthouse, but it is not cleared in winter.

Yacht club "Vodnik" in the city of Kholmsk

The yacht club on Sovetskaya Street has existed since 1969, uniting children and adult lovers of sailboats. Club members participate in competitions and go on sailing trips. Children can receive professional training to work on yachts of various types.

Quiet Bay

In Quiet Bay the only noise is made by seagulls and waves rushing onto the shore. The bay is protected from the wind by wind-worn rocks. You can walk along the shore and look into the grottoes. Fishing, the underwater world, and the beauty of coastal plants also attract lovers. Fans of mountain walks can climb the Zhdanko ridge, look into the distance, at the sea, and take interesting photographs.

Tikhaya Bay received its name from Ivan Kruzenshtern, a famous Russian navigator, but in winter strong winds and snowstorms rage here. Therefore, a winter visit to the bay may only appeal to professional climbers and athletes. You can get here by car or by train from Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk station . The journey by train will take no more than 3 hours, the further journey is on foot.

Moneron Island

The island is located near the southwestern coast of Sakhalin and is a national natural marine park. This is a specially protected area with the possibility of educational tourism, so before your trip you need to familiarize yourself with the rules for visitors.

This is a small island, rising 440 m above the sea, an ancient, already collapsed volcano. The main advantage of the protected area is the unique combination of landscapes in a small area. The relative inaccessibility for most tourists makes the tasks of park staff easier.

Picturesque mountains, alpine meadows, gorges with steep walls, waterfalls, stone sculptures, small caves - all this can be seen on Moneron. A path made of boards has been laid especially for tourists, there are houses for those who come to the island, and routes to the main attractions have been developed.

Around the island in summer the sea is warm and the water is clear, so underwater photography here is especially successful. Of particular interest is the unique rookery of sea lions, to which a special route has been laid.

They can only get here by boat from the Nevelsk port, which is not always possible due to the weather. To be on the safe side, you can buy a 2-day tour from Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk. Then you will not need to worry about transport and excursions.

Rocks "Three Brothers"

In order to get to the rocks, you need to take the train in Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, get to the Tymovskoye station, change there to a bus and get to the first capital of Sakhalin, Aleksandrovsk-Sakhalinsky.

Further - by taxi or on foot along the shore. If you decide to travel around the island in a personal car, you need to follow the highway. The final destination of the route is Cape Jonquiere. This is where the Three Brothers natural monument is located. These are three rocks, similar to each other, but different in size. Like brothers - eldest, middle, youngest. The picturesque group is placed on the coat of arms and flag of the city.

Fossil enthusiasts can add specimens of coal, ancient shells and plants to their collections.

On the shore you can see a lighthouse that has existed since the end of the 19th century, but is now dilapidated. Another interesting object is a tunnel through the rock, built at the same time for a horse-drawn railway.

It was never used because it was flooded at high tide, but it is still walkable. At the exit from the tunnel, another group of three rocks is visible - “Three Sisters”. They are smaller and less impressive than their “brothers”.

Sakhalin region

The Sakhalin region, which includes the island of Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands, is one of the most unique regions of historical Russia. The Sakhalin region is the only one in Russia entirely located on islands. But, of course, this is not the uniqueness of the ethnic history of the region. Actually, on the territory of the unified Sakhalin region, three subregions with their own ethnic destiny can be distinguished - 1. Northern Sakhalin; 2.South Sakhalin; 3. Kuril Islands.

Sakhalin is a large island stretching 948 km from north to south. It is separated from the mainland by the Tatar Strait and the narrow Nevelskoy Strait. The northern third of Sakhalin is occupied mainly by the North Sakhalin Lowland. The eastern coast in this low-lying part of the island is indented by many lagoons, stretched in a chain along the coast and separated from the sea by sand spits. The remaining two-thirds of the island is mountainous.

The climate of Sakhalin, as well as the adjacent mainland of the Far East, is monsoon. The winter monsoon, coming from the cooled mainland, causes the severity of winter; The summer monsoon is associated with rain and fog, especially intense on the coast. In winter there is relatively a lot of snow in the mountains. But, however, since Sakhalin is very elongated in the meridional direction, the climate in the north and south of the island is very different - almost tundra in the north, almost tropical in the south.

People have inhabited Sakhalin since Paleolithic times. By the time Europeans arrived on Sakhalin in the 17th century, the southern part of the island was inhabited by the Ainu, the indigenous inhabitants of Japan and the Kuril Islands. The northern part of the island, along with the lower reaches of the Amur, was inhabited by the Gilyaks and Nivkhs.

In 1643, the Dutch appeared off the coast of the Lesser Kuril Ridge. In July of the same year, they saw the shores of Sakhalin, but due to heavy fog, Dutch captain M.G. de Vries concluded that Sakhalin is part of Hokkaido. Soon the era of Russian discoveries of Sakhalin began. The discoverers of Sakhalin were Russian Cossack explorers who came to the Amur from Yakutsk.

In 1639-1641. a detachment of Cossacks Ivan Yuryevich Moskvitin found himself near the lower reaches of the Amur. The Moskvitians visited the Shantar Islands. Here they received the first information about the Amur and Sakhalin Island from local residents. Analysis of the text of the documents made it possible to reliably establish that in the winter of 1639-40 on the Okhotsk coast, local Evens, who knew the sea route to the mouth of the Amur well, first informed the Russians about the existence of the “islands of the Gilyak Horde”, where “sedentary Gilyaks live, and they have fed bears” . However, Russian fur traders preferred to move into the seas rich in marine mammals in the waters around Kamchatka and Alaska. Because of this, Sakhalin for some time found itself on the sidelines of the Russian advance. Throughout the 18th century, the Russians, who had advanced far into the lands and seas of North America, were not interested in Sakhalin. The situation changed only at the beginning of the 19th century. The leader of the first Russian round-the-world expedition, I.F. Kruzenshtern, undertook the first significant exploration of Sakhalin.

May 14, 1805 Approaching Sakhalin, I. F. Krusenstern’s ship dropped anchor in Aniva Bay. I.F. Kruzenshtern explored the island in detail, got acquainted with the life of the Ainu and gave them gifts. In the summer of the same year, expedition members described and mapped the entire eastern and northwestern coast of Sakhalin, as well as 14 islands of the Kuril ridge. However, Krusenstern considered Sakhalin a “peninsula”, believing that it was connected to the mainland by a sandy isthmus.

By this time, the Japanese began to appear in the waters of Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands. Despite its geographical proximity, Japan at the beginning of the 19th century was just beginning to develop the northern part of the island of Hokkaido (north of which Sakhalin is located). It was not until 1807 that the first group of samurai wintered in northern Hokkaido. Some Japanese fishermen were already trying to fish in the waters around Sakhalin, and some merchants began irregular trade with the aborigines. Thus, Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands at that time were still “no man’s” land (the opinions of the aborigines did not count).

In 1805-07, Lieutenant N.A. Khvostov midshipman and G.I. Davydov on the ships “Juno” and “Avos” made an expedition to the shores of Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands. Throughout the voyage, they explored the shores, studied the life and customs of the local population, and compiled a dictionary of the Ainu. They also burned Japanese warehouses on Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands. By the way, in modern Japan this is considered as “aggression” against the Land of the Rising Sun. On October 8, 1806, Sakhalin was declared a possession of the Russian Empire. True, once again the distraction of St. Petersburg by European affairs and the underestimation of the importance of Russia's Pacific possessions delayed the actual assignment of Sakhalin to Russia. N.A. Khvostov and G.I. Davydov were even put on trial for arbitrariness. G.I. Nevelskoy played a decisive role in the annexation of Sakhalin to Russia. In 1849 G.I. Nevelskoy, using the Baikal transport, examined the eastern, northern and northwestern shores of Sakhalin, the fairway of the Amur River and established that its mouth was accessible to sea vessels, thereby establishing that Sakhalin is an island. Raising the Russian flag, G.I. Nevelskoy began practical actions to annex and settle Sakhalin.

On September 21, 1853, a Russian landing force was landed from the ship “Nikolai” near the village of Tomari-Aniva. Having met with the Ainu elders, G.I. Nevelskoy declared Sakhalin the property of Russia. In the same year, D.I. Orlov, at the direction of G.I. Nevelskoy, founded the first Russian military post on Sakhalin, Ilyinsky (now the village of Ilyinsky), and Nevelskoy himself on the shore of Aniva Bay, founded the military post Muravyovsky (on the site of the future Korsakov).

According to data from 1854, updated in 1857, in the south of the island there were 95 Ainu camps, in which 2,479 people lived. The general picture of the settlement of the natives looked as follows. There were 35 camps on the coast of Aniva Bay, 22 along the shore of the Sea of ​​Okhotsk, and 35 along the shore of the Tatar Strait. The interior spaces of the southern part of Sakhalin remained almost uninhabited. The Gilyaks lived in the northern part. The total number of aborigines did not exceed 3 thousand people. Decisive Russian action on Sakhalin was hampered by the legal uncertainty of Sakhalin, which was claimed by Japan.

On January 26, 1855, in the Japanese city of Shimoda, the first Russian-Japanese treaty was signed, according to which most of the Kuril Islands remained with Russia (the border was along the strait between Urup Island and Iturup Island), and Sakhalin remained undivided. Only 20 years later, according to the Treaty of St. Petersburg, Japan recognized all of Sakhalin as Russia's, and in exchange received all of the Kuril Islands.

But even now the Russian development of Sakhalin proceeded rather slowly. The incredible remoteness of the island, the unusual climate for Russian people and the lack of people prevented this. And then in St. Petersburg the idea arose to organize hard labor on Sakhalin. It was assumed that the convicts would be removed from main Russia, and willy-nilly they would be forced to engage in honest labor, re-educate and develop the island. The history of English hard labor in Australia and French hard labor in New Caledonia seemed to be a positive example. The socio-economic situation also pushed us towards this. In post-reform Russia of the 60-90s. In the 19th century, large-scale social changes took place, such as the dispossession of the peasantry, the rapid growth of cities, in which masses of lumpen and asocial elements accumulated, which gave rise to an increase in crime. At the same time, social movements intensified. Peasant riots, student unrest, populist terrorism, strike struggles - all this became part of life in the second half of the 19th century. Accordingly, the number of prisoners grew. The empire's prisons were overcrowded.

On April 18, 1869, Alexander II approved the “Regulations of the Committee on the Arrangement of Hard Labor,” which officially designated Sakhalin as a place of exile. Also in 1869, the first group of convicts, numbering 800 people, was delivered to the island. According to historians, before the Russo-Japanese War, approximately 40-45 thousand people were exiled to the island. The conditions of hard labor were terrible, it is no coincidence that A.P. Chekhov called Sakhalin “hell on earth,” and the very name of the island “Sakhalin” acquired very odious fame in the country. All sorts of hooligans and brawlers in Russia at the turn of the 19th - early 20th centuries. They were usually called “Sakhalinites,” implying that they would end up in Sakhalin hard labor. Political prisoners were usually not sent to Sakhalin; it is believed that during the entire existence of penal servitude, only 54 “politicians” were sent to the island, mainly from among the organizers of the “Obukhov Defense” of 1901 in St. Petersburg.

According to the first General Census of the Russian Empire in 1897, 28.1 thousand people lived on Sakhalin, 72.8% of whom were men and only 27.2% were women. This had an adverse effect on the “survival rate” of the population and its moral and living way of life. In addition to free and involuntary Russian settlers, Aboriginal people also lived on Sakhalin in 1897: 1,443 Ainu, 1,969 Gilyaks (Nivkhs), 749 Oroks and 143 Tungus (Evenks).

On January 1, 1902, there were already 40,577 settlers on Sakhalin, of which 5,563 were exiled convicts, 9,885 were exiled settlers, there were 9,719 free settlers (most often, relatives of prisoners), and there were 3,982 aborigines of the island. The remaining residents were guards, prison officials and members of their families. The vast majority of the inhabitants lived in the southern part of the island with its favorable climate.

The main settlements on the island were prisons. The convicts worked mainly in coal mining. Shackled, and often chained to a wheelbarrow, with a pick and a shovel, they had to achieve complete self-sufficiency for their hard labor. Through the hard forced labor of convicts, dozens of settlements on the island were built, mineral deposits (iron ore, coal, oil) were discovered and partially developed, telegraph lines were laid, large areas of land were cultivated, agricultural farms were created, road communications were established, sea piers were built, etc. ... Construction of economic and administrative buildings, drainage of swamps, cutting of wood, catching and salting fish, haymaking, loading and unloading of sea vessels, keeping streets and squares clean, growing grain and vegetable crops, raising livestock, poultry, performing plumbing, carpentry, leatherwork, maintenance of meteorological stations, postal transportation - all were also the occupation of convicts.

The spiritual life of the convict island was satisfied by 10 Orthodox churches and 6 chapels. There were also prayer houses of Lutherans, Catholics, and a mosque. However, Sakhalin residents were not highly religious. One traveler wrote about his impressions in 1902 in the newspaper Vostochny Vestnik: “A Sakhalin settler rarely takes off his hat even before church, and when approaching a bucket of vodka, he always takes off his cap with reverence.”[1]

During the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-05. Sakhalin became a theater of military operations. In the summer of 1905, Japanese troops numbering 14 thousand people landed on the island. Although the Russian troops, along with whom the convicts who were called to arms fought, fought bravely, the island was captured. According to the Treaty of Portsmouth, the southern part of Sakhalin went to Japan. From that time on, for 40 years, the fate of parts of the island was different.

November 9, 2022 The online publication “Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands”, which publishes Sakhalin news, as well as other information materials of various genres, is officially registered by the Federal Service for Supervision of Communications, Roskomnadzor. Certificate EL No. FS 77-74197.

February 28, 2012 In the Sakhalin region, the regional state television was officially registered by the Federal Service for Supervision of Information Technologies and Mass Communications, operating since February 2007. Certificate El No.TU65-110.

November 13, 2010 Officially registered by the Federal Service for Supervision of Communications, the socio-political newspaper “Gubernskie Vedomosti” is the official printed publication of the government of the Sakhalin region and the Sakhalin Duma. Certificate PI No. TU65-081.

June 1, 2010 The first and only state regional news agency “Sakhalin-Kuriles” in the Sakhalin region was officially registered, which began its work in May 2006. Certificate IA No. TU65-070 in the Federal Service for Supervision of Communications, Information Technologies and Mass Communications, Roskomnadzor.

On March 27, 1997, the grand opening and start of operation of the Nikolsky coal mine took place on Sakhalin in the Central section of the Solntsevskoye lignite deposit, located on the western coast of part of Sakhalin Island, southeast of the city of Uglegorsk. The design capacity of the enterprise is 150 thousand tons of coal per year. The estimated cost of coal is three times cheaper than mined coal. The license for the open-pit mine was issued to Uglegorskugol CJSC for open-pit mining of coal, the reserves of which amount to 4,432 thousand tons. Coal is used as an energy fuel.

December 21, 1991 The first issue of the daily socio-political newspaper “Gubernskie Vedomosti”, the official printed publication of the government of the Sakhalin region and the regional Duma, was published. All regional laws, regulations of the governor, government and Legislative Assembly come into force after official publication on its pages.

Thermal springs

There are many thermal springs on Sakhalin, since the island is located in an area of ​​active volcanoes. However, only 2 groups out of all are used.

• Daginsky springs located within the lagoon north of the village of Nogliki. During the Soviet era, a hospital was located here. Now only the Patriot spring has the appropriate design; the rest are hot puddles and pits with water. In summer, those wishing to take water or mud baths are accommodated in tents near the springs.

Supporters of organized treatment can purchase a ticket to the Dagi-Oasis sanatorium complex in the small village of Goryachiye Klyuchi. Those who are accustomed to life in hotels will be satisfied with a hotel room in the village of Nogliki. People get here by train from Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, then by car along an asphalt road.

• Not far from Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk there are Sinegorsk springs. Their composition is unique because they contain arsenic. The sanatorium has a staff of highly qualified specialists to provide assistance to vacationers. The sanatorium is located in the village of Sanatornoye, which is easily accessible by bus or car from Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk.

Ski resorts

In winter, the capital of the island offers the following options for vacationers:

• The Mountain Air complex is located within the city of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk. Comfortable accommodation, stable snow cover on several slopes, modern ski lifts, equipment rental.
• Winter resorts Tomari less known, but gradually developing. The trip to Tomari will take 4.5 hours by commuter train.

It is important for tourists to decide on travel dates in advance. Although Sakhalin does not look very expressive on the map of winter tourism in Russia, the winter months from the first days of December to the last days of April are suitable for skiers to relax. Sanatoriums operate regardless of the time of year. It is better to postpone sightseeing until the summer.

Article design: Mila Friedan

Calendar for 2022

Designations in the calendar: X - holidays; X—weekends; X - reduced working day by 1 hour;