“The fortress city stands on the Steppe Zai”: an employee of the Zainsky museum spoke about the history of the city

Zainsk

(Republic of Tatarstan)

OKATO code:
92417
Founded:
1656
Urban settlement since:
1957
City since:
1978 City of district subordination (Zainsky district of the Republic of Tatarstan)
Center:
Zainsky district
Telephone code (reference phone)

Deviation from Moscow time, hours:
0
Geographic latitude:
55°18′
Geographic longitude:
52°01′
Altitude above sea level, meters:
90 Sunrise and sunset times of the Sun and Moon in the city of Zainsk

Number

At the beginning of 2022, in the Republic of Tatarstan, the population reached 3,902,642 people. As statistics show, the number of Russian citizens living in this region has been constantly growing over the past 12 years. Although, until 2008, the number of people inhabiting this region was decreasing.

So, for 2022:

• There are 1,655,166 men living in this region.
• Women – 2,239,341.

If we talk about the distribution of the population by gender, then there is parity. That is, the female population is slightly larger than the male population. Of the total number, there are no more than 66 thousand people, which is primarily due to the longer life expectancy of women.

By city

If we consider the structure of the population, then according to statistical data, the share of the urban population has always prevailed over the rural population in the period after the collapse of the USSR. And it is gradually increasing.

Thus, in 1991, up to 73% lived in urban agglomerations, while by 2022 this figure reached almost 77%.

If we consider the largest cities and the number of citizens who live here, this is what the picture looks like:

• Kazan became the only city with a population of over a million. As of 2022, more than 1,257,000 people live here.
• The next largest city is Naberezhnye Chelny. In this agglomeration, the list of population shows an indicator of 534,000.
• Next come Nizhnekamsk, Almetyevsk, Zelenodolsk. The population here ranges from a little over 200,000 to 100,000 people.
• Lower figures are demonstrated by such small cities of Tatarstan as Bugulma, Elabuga, Leninogorsk, Chistopol, Zainsk and some others.

Map

Zainsk: photo from space (Google Maps) Zainsk: photo from space (Microsoft Virtual Earth)

a brief description of

Located in the Kama region, on the river. Stepnoy Zai (tributary of the Kama), near the railway of the same name. station, 287 km east of Kazan, 55 km southwest of the Naberezhnye Chelny pier.

Territory (sq. km): 58

Information about the city of Zainsk on the Russian Wikipedia site

Historical sketch

Founded in 1652-56 as a border fortress on the Zakamskaya line - a military line from the Volga to the mouth of the river. Ik.

The Kazan suburb of Zainsk became part of the Kazan province in 1708. At the end of the 19th century. - a suburb of the Ufa province.

After 1917 - the village of Zainsk, since 1935 the center of the Zainsk region.

To supply oil and gas fields in the southeast of Tatarstan, the construction of the Zainskaya State District Power Plant began in 1956. The first stage was commissioned in 1963, and the power plant reached full capacity in 1972.

The modern city of Zainsk was formed in 1978 by the merger of the working settlements of Zainsk (PGT since 1957, 8.8 thousand inhabitants, 1959; 5.1 thousand inhabitants, 1970), Novy Zai (PGT since 1962, 15.1 thousand inhabitants. , 1970) as well as surrounding villages and hamlets.

Name by river Zay; zay - ancient Tatar "river".

[To unravel the story of Zainsk and Novy Zay in more detail]

Economy

Plants: auto aggregates, KamAZ production plant, reinforced concrete structures, experimental modular metal structures. Construction plant. Food enterprises - sugar factory, etc. Lespromkhoz.

GRES.

In the Zainsky district there are deposits of gravel, clay, rubble stone, etc.

Main enterprises

OIL PRODUCTION INDUSTRY

NGDU "Zainskneft" OJSC "Tatneft"
423520, Republic of Tatarstan, Zainsky district, Zainsk, Neftyanikov Ave., 37
Offers:
oil

Museums, galleries, exhibition halls

Museum of Local Lore of the Zainsky Municipal District of the Republic of Tatarstan 423520, Republic of Tatarstan, Zainsky District, Zainsk, st. Ordzhonikidze, 55 Phone(s): (885558) 6-63-68

“The fortress city stands on the Steppe Zai”: an employee of the Zainsky museum spoke about the history of the city

(From the history of the status and power structures of the city of Zainsk (before 1917) Continued. Start HERE

For your information, today, thanks to this plan of 1801, it is possible to determine with an accuracy of one meter the place where the fortress stood, which laid the foundation for our city.

The management of cities (suburbs) in ancient times was concentrated in the hands of governors - governors, who were appointed by princes. (A voivode in Ancient Rus' in its original meaning was the commander of a princely squad; from the 15th century, the governors of the sovereign in cities began to be called voivodes.) Upon their appointment, voivodes received a mandate (mandatory memory, letter), which spelled out the main tasks of the voivode, their job responsibilities .

Genuine, eloquent evidence of this form of government is the “Commemoration of Voivode I. L. Turgenev with his appointment as a Voivode in Zainsk” dated June 16, 1675 and the “Act of Voivode Turgenev’s acceptance of the city of Zainsk” dated March 28, 1676.

The texts (full copies) of these most valuable documents were sent to our museum on January 31, 1987 by Boris Petrovich Repeykov. He was in 1940-1944. studied at the Faculty of History and Philology of KSU and at the same time worked there as a teacher in the military department, then graduated from the Republican Higher Party School and in the late 1940s. worked in the Zainsky district committee of the CPSU (b). (https://tatfrontu.ru/person/repeykov-boris-petrovich)

In his accompanying letter, B.P. Repeikov, in particular, wrote: “Both documents refer to the period of the completion of the creation of the Russian multinational centralized state and the strengthening of autocracy in Russia in the 17th century. They contain a detailed description of the fortified city, the functions and methods of activity of the governor, and his main task. The first document was drawn up in 1675 in Kazan by the Tsar’s protege Yuri Ivanovich Romodanovsky based on a letter from Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich... Both documents about the Zainsk town give, however, not a complete, but extremely vivid picture of the economic and social structure of the environs of Kazan and Zainsk, especially in the second half of the 17th century century. In general, important material for the study of the Zakamsk line.” (In 2002, at the request of the Zainsk Museum of Local Lore, employees of the Scientific Library of KSU named after V.I. Lenin - now KFU - kindly allowed us to photograph the primary sources of these ancient manuscripts.)

I bring to your attention these documents (their complete copies) in the form in which they came to us through the thickness of time, and as they were subsequently read by historians. It seems to me that this will allow us to “hear the living speech” of people from the distant 17th century, to feel its special flavor and uniqueness.

So, we read “Instructive Memory”. “Summer 7183 (1675) June on the 16th day (Reference: 7183 - “from the creation of the world”, 1675 - “from the Nativity of Christ.”) Great Sovereign Tsar and Grand Duke Alexei Mikhailovich of all Great and Small and White Russia The autocrat ordered the tenant, Ivan Levontievich Turgenev, for his services and for the death of his parents, to be in his great sovereign's service in the Kazan suburb of Zainsk, a tenant on Zakharyin's Stepanovo place. And to change him to Ivan evo Stepan March on the first day of 7184 (1676) and the great sovereign, a letter about that to Kazan to the boyar and governors to Prince Yury Ivanovich Romodanovsky and his comrades was sent with him to Ivan and Ivan, having arrived in Kazan, the great sovereign tsar and great Prince Alexei Mikhailovich of all great and small and white Russia, the autocrat, gave a letter to the boyar and governors, Prince Yurya Ivanovich and his comrades, and according to that great sovereign’s letter, the boyar and governor, Prince Yurya Ivanovich and his comrades, told him Ivan to go to Zainsk and Ivan, having arrived in Zainsk, to receive from Stepan Zakharyin the city of Zainsk and the fort and the city and prison keys and in the city and in the fort there is an outfit and the great sovereign in the treasury is potion and lead and all sorts of cannon reserves and money and in the granaries all sorts of supplies and in the retreat hut of the former great sovereign there are orders and letters and Kazan decree letters and books of income and expenses and money and bread of all sorts of the great sovereign's affairs that are on the face of both the servants and tenants of all ranks of people on horseback and on foot, name lists and the city and prison buildings, paintings and everything with it, and according to the name lists of all ranks of people, revise everyone on to inspect the face and the guard spinning and hiding places and in what number he Ivan will come to Zainsk and how much money Stepan Zakharyin the great sovereign has in the treasury and along with potions and lead and all sorts of cannon reserves and the great sovereign will take all sorts of business and Ivan will write to everyone about it in Kazan to the boyar and governor Prince Yury Ivanovich and his fellow servicemen, send name lists with his own hand, and in the sovereign treasury in money and bread and in all income according to receipts and expenditure books, he should not count Ivan evo Stepan, but he was ordered to count them in Kazan from then on places like him Stepan was ordered to be in Zainsk and that they would respect him and then he would be sent to Kazan to the sovereign’s treasury and being he Ivan in the service of the great sovereign, do all sorts of things according to this great sovereign’s order and according to previous orders and according to Kazan’s formal replies.

(To be continued) Lyudmila Simonova, researcher at the Zainsk Museum of Local Lore

Density

Considering key population statistics, it is worth noting that the highest density (or rather composition) is observed around such large cities of Tatarstan as Kazan, Naberezhnye Chelny, Nizhnekamsk and some others. This is due to several factors simultaneously:

• Natural features of the territory.
• Distribution of economic benefits.

Thus, the largest agglomeration is Zelenodolsk, which is home to more than 1.2 million people.

The second largest urban agglomeration is located on the banks of the Kama River. This is how the Nizhnekamsk-Naberezhnye-Chelny agglomeration was formed, which includes about 1 million people.

If we talk about the average population density of citizens throughout the territory of the republic, it is equal to 57.52 people per sq. km.