Our monuments are our heroes. City of Zhizdra.

For other uses, see Zhizdra (disambiguation).

Town in Kaluga Oblast, Russia

Zhizdra

(Russian: Zhizdra) is a city and the administrative center of Zhizdra District in Kaluga Oblast, Russia, located on the Zhizdra River 180 kilometers (110 mi) southwest of Kaluga, the administrative center of the region. Population: 5,585 (2010 census); [3] 5719 (2002 census); [8] 5439 (1989 census). [9]

Links[edit]

Notes[edit]

1. ^ abcde State Committee of the Russian Federation on Statistics. Committee of the Russian Federation for Standardization, Metrology and Certification. No. OK 019-95 January 1, 1997 “All-Russian classifier of objects of administrative-territorial division. Code 29 212", ed. changes No. 278 / 2015 dated January 1, 2016. (Goskomstat of the Russian Federation. Committee of the Russian Federation for Standardization, Metrology and Certification. No. OK 019-95 January 1, 1997. Russian classification of administrative divisions) (OKATO).
   Code 29 212 , as amended by Amendment No. 278/2015 of January 1, 2016).
2. ^ B "General information" (in Russian). Retrieved January 5, 2018.
3. ^ a b Federal State Statistics Service (2011). “All-Russian Population Census 2010. Volume 1" [All-Russian Population Census 2010, vol. 1]. All-Russian Population Census 2010 [All-Russian Population Census 2010]
   . Federal State Statistics Service.
4. https://www.gks.ru/free_doc/doc_2018/bul_dr/mun_obr2018.rar ; archive date: July 26, 2022; Archive URL: https://web.archive.org/web/20180726010024/https://www.gks.ru/free_doc/doc_2018/bul_dr/mun_obr2018.rar.
5. ^ abcde Law No. 7-OZ
6. "On the Calculation of Time". Official Internet portal of legal information
   . June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2022.
7. Post office. Information and computing center of OASU RPO. ( Post office
   ).
   Search for postal service objects ( postal Search for objects
   ) (in Russian)
8. ↑
   Federal State Statistics Service of Russia (May 21, 2004).
   “The population of Russia, the constituent entities of the Russian Federation as part of federal districts, urban settlements, settlements, settlements of 3 thousand or more people” [Population of Russia, its federal districts, federal districts, districts, urban settlements, rural settlements - administrative centers and rural settlements with a population of more than 3,000 people] (XLS). All-Russian Population Census 2002
   .
9. “All-Union Population Census of 1989. The current population of union and autonomous republics, autonomous regions and districts, territories, negative phenomena, urban settlements and rural district centers” [All-Union Population Census of 1989: current population of union and autonomous republics, Autonomous regions and districts , territories, regions, districts, towns and villages performing the functions of district administrative centers. All-Union Population Census of 1989 [All-Union Population Census of 1989]
   .
   Institute of Demography of the National Research University: Higher School of Economics [Institute of Demography of the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 - via Demoscope Weekly
   .

The city of Zhizdra is the administrative center of the Zhizdra district of the Kaluga region. Located in the south of the Kaluga region, bordering the Bryansk region, on the Zhizdra , 180 km from Kaluga, approximately 300 km southwest of Moscow.

Currently the city has a population of 6 thousand

Zhizdra is an ancient Russian city. It differs from other cities in its layout, straight streets and alleys, and flat terrain. The Zhizdra River flows through the city center. This is a quiet, cozy provincial town.

There are several versions of the origin of the name. The Lithuanian Golyad tribe lived in the Kaluga region for a long time. Therefore, many names of rivers and settlements are of Lithuanian origin. There is another legend: soldiers called to each other from one bank to the other in the morning, asked ALIVE, answered HEALTHY. In the morning dawn one could hear “Hey...” A guard regiment of soldiers stood on the Zhizdra serf line under Ivan the Terrible, when he, by his decree, sent Prince Serebryany to the Zhizdra post. There is another version of the legend with a roll call of boatmen on different banks of the river.

In the 12th century, cities began to form in the Kaluga region. The first mention of Zhizdra dates back to 1146: “From the beginning of the village. The village of Zhizdra under the building had 6 courtyards with a settlement of 9 men and 8 women. There were 6 acres of land under the estate.”

In 1382, 2 years after the Russian victory on the Kulikovo Field, the Tatar Khan Takhtamysh raided Moscow. Residents of the Moscow region fled from the fierce Tatars. A crowd of Russian people, led by a priest, moved to the southwest. They walked for a long time through dense forests. They went out to the river. Its left bank was sandy, the river was not wide, but full-flowing; a small river flowed from the south near a pine forest and flowed into the river. The travelers crossed the river on rafts. They decided that they would stop here. The forest and river will feed and protect. And in order to legitimize a new place of settlement, it is necessary to cut down a one-day church. At sunset, a wooden cross was placed on the church. A falcon sat on the cross. “A sign of God!” – the refugees spoke. And the settlement was called “Sokolye”. Such is the legend. This church was wooden, it was located on the outskirts of the current bakery on the north side and was called Sergievskaya.

System of defensive fortifications of the southern approaches to Moscow in the 16th - early 17th centuries. through the Kaluga province it stretched from the village of Zhizdra in a north-eastern direction to Przemysl, from it to the east - the Likhvinskaya zaseka. In 1530-1584 during the reign of Ivan the Terrible - the Tula serif line. Guard posts began to appear on the serif lines. Food, equipment, and clothing were delivered there. The village of Zhizdra may have grown on the site of such a guard post.

Catherine II was published . The decree was brief: “On October 17, 1777, to the Government Senate on the renaming of the village of Zhizdra - a district town of the Kaluga province.

The city of Zhizdra became the center of the county, which included most of what is now the Ulyanovsk district, Khvastovichesky, Duminicheskiy, Zhizdrinsky, Lyudinovsky, Kirovsky, part of the Kuibyshevsky district, the village of Betlitsa and part of the Dyatkovsky district of the Bryansk region.

The population of the county was 240,347 people.

In the first decades after being granted city status, Zhizdra developed slowly. In 1786, there were state houses, for the placement of judicial places 5; philistine 191; 115 of them are on a stone foundation. “Residents...: clergy... 19 men, 23 women; merchants and philistines... who signed up... 929 males, 900 females.

In 1836-1837, the Tarutinsky regiment was stationed in Zhizdra on the Old Town. The poet Alexander Ivanovich Polezhaev, who was demoted to the ranks of soldiers, served in the Tarutinsky regiment in the Zhizdrinsky district.

1847-1849 in Zhizdra there are: district and zemstvo courts, city magistrate, city council, medical board, treasurers, district chiefs, intermediaries for land delimitation, district solicitors, land surveyor, wine and salt bailiffs.

1860 - 9956 inhabitants, of which: women - 4916, men - 5040, merchants - 606, burghers - 8495, some of whom were engaged in petty trade and crafts, and some in arable farming and gardening. There are 296 artisans in Zhizdra, of which 126 are masters. The territory of the city is 2419 acres. There were a lot of merchants.

In 1877 it was a small county town and a significant trading center. In 1880 there were 42 trading shops.

1890 The area of ​​the city is 3 square meters. versts, 35 streets and 57 alleys, 1190 residential buildings, 72 stone.

In the 19th century, a linden city garden was laid out on the left bank of the river, and also, by order of police officer Simberg, a square was planted from the Mariinsky Gymnasium to the Kazan Church.

At the end of the 19th century, the Moscow-Kiev-Voronezh railway was built. It was designed through Zhizdra . The landowner Kanshin bribed the designers to build it 12 km. from the city through the village of Zikeevo, where he had a sawmill. The city government, using its own funds and funds collected from wealthy merchants, managed to build a railway line from Zikeev to Zhizdra .

In 1905, the city had: 2 brick factories, 1 soap factory, 1 sawmill, two mills, 2 matting factories, a total of 120 workers. In Zhizdra, on the river, where the dam is now, there was a city water mill with a grist mill. In Koszatin (eastern part of the city) there was a Kanshin convoy factory.

In the 10s of the 20th century, the Yasenevy - Stolypinsky square appeared (opposite housing school No. 1).

Zhizdra was the administrative, trade and cultural center of a large district of the Kaluga province. At that time, more than ten thousand people lived Zhizdra The city was distinguished by its correct layout. Initially it was located on the right bank of the Zhizdra . Then it spread to the left bank.

In the most prominent place stood the Alexander Nevsky Cathedral (built in 1777-1781, blown up by the retreating Germans in August 1943). In total, there were five Orthodox churches in the county town.

In 1930, the districts were liquidated, Zhizdra entered the Western region with its center in Smolensk.

On October 3, 1941, reconnaissance from the German army came to Zhizdra , and on October 5, the main units of the invaders entered. The soldiers settled in their homes and looked for hay for the horses. The occupation began.

From February to August 1943, fierce battles took place on the approaches to the city. The liberation of Zhizdra began on the night of August 16, 1943. In the Pravda newspaper dated August 19, 1943, military correspondent P. Lidov wrote: “I cannot say that I visited Zhizdra , because Zhizdra does not exist. The Germans destroyed it within two weeks, methodically, according to a pre-developed plan. They burned the city quarter by quarter, from one end to the other.

In 1983, on the 40th anniversary of the liberation of the city from the German occupiers, a memorial to the liberating soldiers was opened.

In the 50s, individual construction was carried out at a rapid pace. The city is being restored according to the pre-war plan. The borders expanded, new streets appeared. PMK-2 was headed by V.Ya. Lepekhin. In 1951, all residents left the dugouts.

Later, a dairy factory (1964), a cafe-restaurant (1970), a department store (1976), and a hotel (1984) were built.

During the period 1959-60. under the forestry enterprise in Zhizdra , an arboretum was established, with the goal of not only more fully collecting and growing tree and shrub species, common and rarer, but also observing and describing growth and development; features of the collected trees and shrubs, as well as create a beautiful place for recreation and excursions.

Until the end of the 70s, the arboretum really served its purpose, but over time it was abandoned.

In the pre-war years, there was a gardening school in Zhizdra . At the end of the 19th century, gardeners from the Far East Kryukov and Schneider came to the city to teach. In three years, from 1898 to 1901, they founded an arboretum next to the school with an area of ​​about two hectares, intended for educational purposes.

Today there is a forest arboretum of Zhizdra . It rightfully bears the name of its founder V.G. Blagorazumov (1 hectares).

There are also other specially protected areas in the city:

— Spruce-broadleaf forest , 149 hectares, Botanical

— “Rubtsovsky Key” , Vodny

— “Budyanovsky Key” , Vodny

— Old Town Park , 5 hectares, Landscape

There is the Church of the Intercession of the Blessed Virgin Mary (1992-94)

Telephone code: +7 48445 City website: www.zhizdra.ru

Zhizdra

(Kaluga region)

OKATO code:
29212501
Founded: City since:
1777 City of district subordination (Zhizdra district, Kaluga region)
Center:
Zhizdra district
Telephone code (reference phone)

Deviation from Moscow time, hours:
0
Geographic latitude:
53°45′
Geographic longitude:
34°44′
Altitude above sea level, meters:
180 Sunrise and sunset times in the city of Zhizdra

Map

Zhizdra: photo from space (Google Maps) Zhizdra: photo from space (Microsoft Virtual Earth)

a brief description of

The city is located on the river. Zhizdra (tributary of the Oka), 10 km from the railway. Zikeevo station, 180 km southwest of Kaluga.

Territory (sq. km): 18

Information about the city of Zhizdra on the Russian Wikipedia site

Historical sketch

The village of Zhizdra in 1777 was transformed into a district town of the Kaluga governorate (since 1796 - Kaluga province). Name by location on the river. Zhizdra. Hydronym of Baltic origin: zhizdras “coarse sand, gravel.”

In the 18th-19th centuries. timber trade center. The Maltsov factories (named after the owner of the forest areas, I.A. Maltsov, adjacent to the city from the north-west) played a great role in the development of Zhizdra. Near Zhizdra, deposits of iron ore, coal and refractory clay were developed.

In 1856, in the district town of Zhizdra, Kaluga province, there were 3 churches, 1197 houses, 37 shops.

During the Great Patriotic War of 1941-45, it was occupied by Nazi troops from October 5, 1941. It was liberated on August 16, 1943 by troops of the Western Front during the Oryol operation. The city was completely destroyed. It was rebuilt mainly with wooden one-story houses.

Economy

Woodworking enterprises, dairy plant. Branch of the Moscow leather goods factory.

Culture, science, education

Museum of Local Lore.

Museums, galleries, exhibition halls

Zhizdra District Museum of History and Local Lore 249340, Kaluga region, Zhizdra district, Zhizdra, pl. Eliseeva, 1