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Kirov

(Kirov region)

OKATO code:
33401
Founded:
1374
City since:
1374 City of regional subordination
Center:
Kirov region
Urban areas, population as of 01/1/2021

Deviation from Moscow time, hours:
0
Geographic latitude:
58°36′
Geographic longitude:
49°39′
Altitude above sea level, meters:
150 Sunrise and sunset times in the city of Kirov

Map

Kirov: photo from space (Google Maps) Kirov: photo from space (Microsoft Virtual Earth)

a brief description of

Located on the banks of the river. Vyatka (port), stretching along it for 25 km, 896 km east of Moscow. Large railway junction lines and highways.

In 1970, Kirov was included in the list of historical cities of Russia. The urban planning value of its heritage is assessed at the regional level. In 2010, it was excluded from the list of historical cities.

The climate is moderate continental. Average temperatures in January are -15, July are +18. Precipitation is about 550 mm per year.

Data on the population of Kirov sometimes include 25 thousand people. rural population, 22 thousand people. PGT, subordinate to the city administration, which gives a number of 510 thousand people.

Territory (sq. km): 757

Information about the city of Kirov on the Russian Wikipedia site

Historical sketch

It was first mentioned in 1374 as the city of Vyatka; name by location on the river Vyatka.

In 1455 in Vyatka, at the mouth of the river. Khlynovitsa built a kremlin, called Khlynov. The modern form of the hydronym suggests its formation from the name Khlynov, and at its basis one can see the nickname Khlyn (Vyatka khlyn “fraudster, deceiver, profit dealer”). Based on the name of the Kremlin, the entire city soon began to be called Khlynov, although along with this name the name Vyatka continued to be used.

At the end of the 14th century. was in the possession of the Suzdal-Nizhny Novgorod, at the beginning of the 15th century. - Galician princes. From the middle of the 15th century. known as a local center of crafts and trade. Annexed to the Moscow State in 1489.

The city was formed around a fortress standing on the high bank of the Vyatka River (late 14th - early 15th centuries, fortified with ramparts and chopped wooden walls in the middle and second half of the 17th century).

Since 1708, the city of Khlynov has been part of the Siberian province, since 1719 the center of the province. Since 1727, Khlynov has been in the Kazan province, the center of the province. In 1780, the Vyatka governorate was formed (from 1796 - the Vyatka province), Khlynov, renamed Vyatka, became its center.

In the 18th century Manufacturing production was developed, distilleries, leather and fur factories, shoe factories, and sawmills operated. 2 annual fairs were held. In the 18th century the first educational institutions appeared, incl. theological seminary and public school.

Vyatka is known as a place of political exile. Here she was served by A.I. Herzen, M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin et al.

In 1856, in the provincial city of Vyatka, Vyatka province, there were 21 churches, 1036 houses, 219 shops.

Since 1929, Vyatka has been part of the Nizhny Novgorod region. Since 1934 the center of the Kirov region. Renamed Kirov in 1934, in honor of the Soviet party leader S.M. Kirov (1886-1934), a native of the Vyatka province. Since 1936 - the center of the Kirov region.

On June 1, 1959, the village of Kominternovsky was included within the city limits (PGT since 1939).

In 1989, the city of Novovyatsk was included in its composition as the Novovyatsky urban district (city since 1955, 19.5 thousand inhabitants, 1959; 26.4 thousand inhabitants, 1970; 31.9 thousand inhabitants, 1979; 37.9 thousand inhabitants. , 1989). On March 28, 1955, the working villages of Vyatsky (PGT since 1945) and Lesozavodsky (PGT since 1939, 3.4 thousand inhabitants, 1939) were united into one village which was transformed into the city of Novovyatsk.

Municipal indicators

Data sources:

1. Regions of Russia. Main characteristics of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation: statistical collection. Goskomstat of Russia. - M:, 2003.
2. Regions of Russia. Basic socio-economic indicators of cities. Statistical collection. Rosstat. - M:, 2005. p. 227
3. Transport in Russia: Statistical collection. Goskomstat. - M:, 2003. pp. 112, 122
4. Transport in Russia: Statistical collection. Rosstat. - M:, 2005. pp. 119, 129
5. Regions of Russia. Basic socio-economic indicators of cities. 2006. Statistical collection. Rosstat. - M:, 2006. p. 231

Culture, science, education

Institutes: pedagogical, agricultural, polytechnic. Faculty of the All-Russian Correspondence Institute of Finance and Economics, branch of the Perm Medical Institute.

Theatres: drama, puppet theaters, young spectators.

Kirov United Museum: Museum of Local Lore, Art Museum named after V.M. I am. Vasnetsov (opened in 1910 in a building of the early 19th century, architect I. Dusor de Neuville).

Museums: M.E. Saltykova-Shchedrina, A.S. Green (studied in Vyatka), aviation and astronautics named after K.E. Tsiolkovsky, “Vyatka artistic crafts”.

Architecture, sights

The old part of the city is picturesquely located on the steep left bank of the Vyatka River.

Since 1784, the development of the city was carried out according to a regular plan. In the central part there is a rectangular grid of streets.

To the south of the former fortress, on the slope of the Zasorsky ravine - the Trifonov Monastery with the 5-domed Assumption Cathedral (1684-89), the elegant gateway St. Nicholas Church (1690-95), the abbot's building and cells (1719), the Annunciation (1728) and the Three Saints ( 1717) churches with rich relief patterns on the walls. To the north of the former fortress is the ensemble of the Spaso-Preobrazhensky Novodevichy Convent (founded in 1624) with the elegant stone Church of the Transfiguration of the Transfiguration (1696), to the northwest is the Posad Church of John the Baptist (1st half of the 18th century, rebuilt in the 18th and 19th centuries).

On the territory of the old center, the building of the former Chamber of Orders (1740-70s, rebuilt), two buildings of the Government Offices (1787-90) in the classicist style have also been preserved. The buildings in the city garden (1835-39, architect A.L. Vitberg) have been preserved. In the southern part according to the project of A.L. Vitberg built the huge Alexander Nevsky Cathedral (1838-48).

At the end of the 18th century. - first half of the 19th centuries. Numerous buildings were built in the classicist and empire style - according to the designs of F. Roslyakov, I. Dosur de Neuville and others. At the end of the 19th century. local architect I.A. built a lot. Charushin - eclectic shopping arcades, lush mansions, wooden residential buildings with solid carvings, administrative buildings.

In the Zarechensky district of Kirov (formerly the settlement of Dymkovo) - the production of traditional molded toys (“Dymkovo”; figurines of ladies in crinolines, hussars, whistles in the form of animals, horsemen, etc.) from clay calcined in an oven with multi-color tempera painting on white ground. In the village of Makarye (near Dymkovo) there is an elegant Baroque Trinity Church (1770-75).

Literature

1. Krogius V.R.
   Historical cities of Russia as a phenomenon of its cultural heritage. M.: Progress-Tradition, 2009. p. 200
2. Pospelov E.M.
   Geographical names of the world: Toponymic dictionary: About 5000 units. M.: Russian dictionaries, Astrel Publishing House LLC, AST Publishing House LLC, 2001. p. 203
3. Ch.
   ed. Gorkin A.P. Geography of Russia: encyclopedic dictionary. M.: Great Russian Encyclopedia, 1998. pp. 260-261
4. Ch.
   ed. Lappo G.M. Cities of Russia: encyclopedia. M.: Great Russian Encyclopedia, 1994. pp. 193-195