Geography of Russia. Where is Gudermes

origin of name

Chechnya, where Gudermes is located, has a population of approximately one million four hundred thousand people.
At the same time, the population of Gudermes is about fifty thousand inhabitants. Most of the Chechen Republic is located in the valleys of the Terek and Sunzha rivers. One of the tributaries is the Gums River, people from the banks of which founded Gudermes. However, this version is considered nothing more than an ancient legend, and the reliable origin of the name has not yet been determined by scientists. According to another version, the name is of ancient Turkic origin and is translated as “shadow side.” However, there is a more reliable version of the origin of the city, according to which it was founded in the 17th century by residents of high mountain villages. The main mosque of the City is now located on the site of the first settlement.

Excerpt characterizing Gudermes

- Lord Jesus Christ, Nikola the saint, Frola and Lavra, Lord Jesus Christ, Nikola the saint! Frol and Lavra, Lord Jesus Christ - have mercy and save us! - he concluded, bowed to the ground, stood up and, sighing, sat down on his straw. - That's it. “Put it down, God, like a pebble, lift it up like a ball,” he said and lay down, pulling on his greatcoat. -What prayer were you reading? asked Pierre. - Ass? - said Plato (he was already falling asleep). - Read what? I prayed to God. Don't you ever pray? “No, and I pray,” said Pierre. - But what did you say: Frol and Lavra? “But what about,” Plato quickly answered, “a horse festival.” And we must feel sorry for the livestock,” Karataev said. - Look, the rogue has curled up. She got warm, the son of a bitch,” he said, feeling the dog at his feet, and, turning around again, immediately fell asleep. Outside, crying and screams could be heard somewhere in the distance, and fire could be seen through the cracks of the booth; but in the booth it was quiet and dark. Pierre did not sleep for a long time and, with open eyes, lay in his place in the darkness, listening to the measured snoring of Plato, who lay next to him, and felt that the previously destroyed world was now being erected in his soul with new beauty, on some new and unshakable foundations. In the booth into which Pierre entered and in which he stayed for four weeks, there were twenty-three captured soldiers, three officers and two officials. All of them then appeared to Pierre as if in a fog, but Platon Karataev remained forever in Pierre’s soul as the strongest and dearest memory and personification of everything Russian, kind and round. When the next day, at dawn, Pierre saw his neighbor, the first impression of something round was completely confirmed: the whole figure of Plato in his French overcoat belted with a rope, in a cap and bast shoes, was round, his head was completely round, his back, chest, shoulders, even the hands that he carried, as if always about to hug something, were round; a pleasant smile and large brown gentle eyes were round. Platon Karataev must have been over fifty years old, judging by his stories about the campaigns in which he participated as a long-time soldier. He himself did not know and could not determine in any way how old he was; but his teeth, bright white and strong, which kept rolling out in their two semicircles when he laughed (which he often did), were all good and intact; There was not a single gray hair in his beard or hair, and his whole body had the appearance of flexibility and, especially, hardness and endurance. His face, despite the small round wrinkles, had an expression of innocence and youth; his voice was pleasant and melodious. But the main feature of his speech was its spontaneity and argument. He apparently never thought about what he said and what he would say; and because of this, the speed and fidelity of his intonations had a special irresistible persuasiveness. His physical strength and agility were such during the first time of captivity that it seemed that he did not understand what fatigue and illness were. Every day, in the morning and in the evening, when he lay down, he said: “Lord, lay it down like a pebble, lift it up into a ball”; in the morning, getting up, always shrugging his shoulders in the same way, he said: “I lay down and curled up, got up and shook myself.” And indeed, as soon as he lay down, he immediately fell asleep like a stone, and as soon as he shook himself, he immediately, without a second of delay, took up some task, like children, getting up, taking up their toys. He knew how to do everything, not very well, but not badly either. He baked, steamed, sewed, planed, and made boots. He was always busy and only at night allowed himself conversations, which he loved, and songs. He sang songs, not as songwriters sing, who know that they are being listened to, but he sang like birds sing, obviously because he needed to make these sounds just as it is necessary to stretch or disperse; and these sounds were always subtle, gentle, almost feminine, mournful, and at the same time his face was very serious. Having been captured and grown a beard, he apparently threw away everything alien and soldierly that had been imposed on him and involuntarily returned to his former, peasant, folk mindset. “A soldier on leave is a shirt made from trousers,” he used to say. He was reluctant to talk about his time as a soldier, although he did not complain, and often repeated that throughout his service he was never beaten. When he spoke, he mainly spoke from his old and, apparently, dear memories of “Christian”, as he pronounced it, peasant life. The sayings that filled his speech were not those, mostly indecent and glib sayings that soldiers say, but they were those folk sayings that seem so insignificant, taken in isolation, and which suddenly take on the meaning of deep wisdom when they are spoken opportunely. Often he said the exact opposite of what he had said before, but both were true. He loved to talk and spoke well, decorating his speech with endearments and proverbs, which, it seemed to Pierre, he was inventing himself; but the main charm of his stories was that in his speech the simplest events, sometimes the very ones that Pierre saw without noticing them, took on the character of solemn beauty. He loved to listen to fairy tales that one soldier told in the evenings (all the same ones), but most of all he loved to listen to stories about real life. He smiled joyfully as he listened to such stories, inserting words and making questions that tended to clarify for himself the beauty of what was being told to him. Karataev had no attachments, friendship, love, as Pierre understood them; but he loved and lived lovingly with everything that life brought him to, and especially with a person - not with some famous person, but with those people who were before his eyes. He loved his mongrel, he loved his comrades, the French, he loved Pierre, who was his neighbor; but Pierre felt that Karataev, despite all his affectionate tenderness towards him (with which he involuntarily paid tribute to Pierre’s spiritual life), would not for a minute be upset by separation from him. And Pierre began to feel the same feeling towards Karataev. Platon Karataev was for all the other prisoners the most ordinary soldier; his name was Falcon or Platosha, they mocked him good-naturedly and sent him for parcels. But for Pierre, as he appeared on the first night, an incomprehensible, round and eternal personification of the spirit of simplicity and truth, that is how he remained forever. Platon Karataev knew nothing by heart except his prayer. When he gave his speeches, he, starting them, seemed not to know how he would end them. When Pierre, sometimes amazed at the meaning of his speech, asked him to repeat what he had said, Plato could not remember what he had said a minute ago - just as he could not tell Pierre his favorite song in words. It said: “darling, little birch and I feel sick,” but the words didn’t make any sense. He did not understand and could not understand the meaning of words taken separately from speech. His every word and every action was a manifestation of an activity unknown to him, which was his life. But his life, as he himself looked at it, had no meaning as a separate life. She made sense only as a part of the whole, which he constantly felt. His words and actions poured out of him as uniformly, necessarily, and directly as a scent is released from a flower. He could not understand either the price or the meaning of a single action or word. Having received news from Nicholas that her brother was with the Rostovs in Yaroslavl, Princess Marya, despite her aunt’s dissuasions, immediately got ready to go, and not only alone, but with her nephew. Whether it was difficult, not difficult, possible or impossible, she did not ask and did not want to know: her duty was not only to be near her perhaps dying brother, but also to do everything possible to bring him her son, and she stood up drive. If Prince Andrei himself did not notify her, then Princess Marya explained it either by the fact that he was too weak to write, or by the fact that he considered this long journey too difficult and dangerous for her and for his son. Within a few days, Princess Marya got ready to travel. Her crews consisted of a huge princely carriage, in which she arrived in Voronezh, a britzka and a cart. Traveling with her were M lle Bourienne, Nikolushka and her tutor, an old nanny, three girls, Tikhon, a young footman and a haiduk, whom her aunt had sent with her. It was impossible to even think about going the usual route to Moscow, and therefore the roundabout route that Princess Marya had to take: to Lipetsk, Ryazan, Vladimir, Shuya, was very long, due to the lack of post horses everywhere, very difficult and near Ryazan, where, as they said the French were showing up, even dangerous. During this difficult journey, M lle Bourienne, Desalles and Princess Mary's servants were surprised by her fortitude and activity. She went to bed later than everyone else, got up earlier than everyone else, and no difficulties could stop her. Thanks to her activity and energy, which excited her companions, by the end of the second week they were approaching Yaroslavl. During her recent stay in Voronezh, Princess Marya experienced the best happiness of her life. Her love for Rostov no longer tormented or worried her. This love filled her entire soul, became an inseparable part of herself, and she no longer fought against it. Lately, Princess Marya became convinced—although she never clearly told herself this in words—she became convinced that she was loved and loved. She was convinced of this during her last meeting with Nikolai, when he came to announce to her that her brother was with the Rostovs. Nicholas did not hint in a single word that now (if Prince Andrei recovered) the previous relationship between him and Natasha could be resumed, but Princess Marya saw from his face that he knew and thought this. And, despite the fact that his attitude towards her - cautious, tender and loving - not only did not change, but he seemed to rejoice in the fact that now the kinship between him and Princess Marya allowed him to more freely express his friendship and love to her, as he sometimes thought Princess Marya. Princess Marya knew that she loved for the first and last time in her life, and felt that she was loved, and was happy and calm in this regard. But this happiness on one side of her soul not only did not prevent her from feeling grief for her brother with all her might, but, on the contrary, this peace of mind in one respect gave her a greater opportunity to fully surrender to her feelings for her brother. This feeling was so strong in the first minute of leaving Voronezh that those accompanying her were sure, looking at her exhausted, desperate face, that she would certainly get sick on the way; but it was precisely the difficulties and worries of the journey, which Princess Marya took on with such activity, that saved her for a time from her grief and gave her strength. As always happens during a trip, Princess Marya thought only about one journey, forgetting what was its goal. But, approaching Yaroslavl, when what could be ahead of her was revealed again, and not many days later, but this evening, Princess Marya’s excitement reached its extreme limits. When the haiduk, sent ahead, to find out in Yaroslavl where the Rostovs were standing and in what position Prince Andrei was, met a large carriage entering at the gate, he was horrified when he saw the terribly pale face of the princess, which leaned out of the window. “I found out everything, your Excellency: the Rostov men are standing on the square, in the house of the merchant Bronnikov.” “Not far away, just above the Volga,” said the hayduk. Princess Marya looked fearfully and questioningly at his face, not understanding what he was telling her, not understanding why he did not answer the main question: what about brother? M lle Bourienne asked this question for Princess Marya. - What about the prince? – she asked. “Their Lordships are standing with them in the same house.” “So he is alive,” thought the princess and quietly asked: what is he? “People said they were all in the same situation.” What did “everything in the same position” mean, the princess did not ask and only briefly, glancing imperceptibly at the seven-year-old Nikolushka, who was sitting in front of her and rejoicing at the city, lowered her head and did not raise it until the heavy carriage, rattling, shaking and swaying, did not stop somewhere. The folding steps rattled. The doors opened. On the left there was water - a large river, on the right there was a porch; on the porch there were people, servants and some kind of ruddy girl with a large black braid who was smiling unpleasantly, as it seemed to Princess Marya (it was Sonya). The princess ran up the stairs, the girl feigning a smile said: “Here, here!” - and the princess found herself in the hallway in front of an old woman with an oriental face, who quickly walked towards her with a touched expression. It was the Countess. She hugged Princess Marya and began to kiss her. - Mon enfant! - she said, “je vous aime et vous connais depuis longtemps.” [My child! I love you and have known you for a long time.] Despite all her excitement, Princess Marya realized that it was the countess and that she had to say something. She, without knowing how, uttered some polite French words, in the same tone as those spoken to her, and asked: what is he? “The doctor says there is no danger,” said the countess, but while she was saying this, she raised her eyes upward with a sigh, and in this gesture there was an expression that contradicted her words. - Where is he? Can I see him, can I? - asked the princess. - Now, princess, now, my friend. Is this his son? - she said, turning to Nikolushka, who was entering with Desalles. “We can all fit in, the house is big.” Oh, what a lovely boy!

People associated with the city

• Yamadayev, Dzhabrail Bekmirzaevich (1970, Gudermes - 2003) - Hero of the Russian Federation
• Yamadayev, Ruslan Bekmirzaevich (1961, Gudermes - 2008) - Russian political figure, Hero of the Russian Federation
• Yamadayev, Sulim Bekmirzaevich (1973, Benoy village - 2010) - Russian military leader, Hero of the Russian Federation
• Raduev, Salman Betyrovich (1967, Gudermes - 2002) - one of the most famous representatives of Chechen field commanders. Convicted of terrorism
• Kurbanov, Lechi Alkhazurovich (b. 1978, Gudermes) - Russian karateka and kickboxer, multiple medalist and champion of Russia, international master of sports
• Avtorkhanov, Alikhan Khusainovich - Russian boxer of Chechen origin, medalist of the Russian Championship, Master of Sports of Russia.

Activity

The station carries out:

• sale of tickets for all passenger trains;
• baggage reception and delivery;
• acceptance and delivery of wagonload shipments of cargo allowed for storage in open areas of stations;
• acceptance and delivery of small shipments of cargo requiring storage in indoor station warehouses;
• acceptance and delivery of cargo by wagonload and small shipments, loaded with whole wagons, only on access roads and non-public areas;
• acceptance and delivery of wagonload shipments of cargo requiring storage in indoor station warehouses;
• acceptance and delivery of cargo in universal containers with a gross weight of 3.3 (5) and 5.5 (6) tons at stations.

Education

Preschool education

• Kindergarten No. 1 “Rainbow”[30].
• Kindergarten No. 2[31].
• Kindergarten No. 3 “Dream”[32].
• Kindergarten No. 4 “Berkat”[33].
• Kindergarten No. 5 “Khadizha”[34].
• Kindergarten No. 6 “Teremok”[35].
• Kindergarten No. 7[36].

Secondary education

• Secondary school No. 1[37].
• Secondary school No. 2[38]
• Secondary school No. 3[39].
• Secondary school No. 4[40].
• Secondary school No. 5[41].
• Secondary school No. 6[41].
• Secondary school No. 7[41].
• Secondary school No. 8[41].
• Secondary school No. 9[42].
• Secondary school No. 10[43].
• Secondary school No. 11[44].
• Secondary school No. 12[45]

History and geography of the region

The region in which Gudermes and the entire Chechen Republic is located belongs to the North Caucasus, which has served for many centuries as a place of residence for a wide variety of cultures, religions and peoples. People have lived in these places since ancient times, and many peoples of the region trace their ancestry back to the Sarmatians, Alans and Huns. Even the Arab conquest “reached” the territory that the Chechen Republic occupies today, with which the religion of Islam appeared in the region.

Today it is not difficult to find a photo of where Gudermes is located, especially on a map of military operations from the time of the two Chechen wars. During these years, Gudermes suffered great destruction. However, after the completion of military operations in the North Caucasus, quite a lot of time passed, and through the joint efforts of the authorities, the small city was completely restored. It took on the appearance of a picturesque and architecturally beautiful place.

About the origin of the village of Gudermes

A lot has been written about the origins of the village of Gudermes, including by the author of these lines. Analyzes by local historians of the historical roots of the “second Chechen capital” practically do not disagree on the main questions: who and when were the first to settle on these fertile lands near the Gums River.

Of course, no one can give a specific date for the beginning of the history of Gudermes. There are no archival documents on this matter. If they exist, they have not yet been made public. We can rely on folk legends, which say that the beginning of the 18th century should be considered the birth years of Gudermes. Yes, people lived on these lands before, and, for sure, they were Chechens. During Timur's invasion at the end of the 14th century, they had to retreat before the powerful military force of the nomads and move to the mountains. At that time, they began to build battle towers and defend themselves in mountainous conditions, where they did it best.

In the northwestern part of the outskirts of Gudermes, within the historical area of ​​Gums Court, even random excavation work produces amazing results: countless burials, very interesting artifacts - shards, jugs, accessories for throwing tools, stone sculptures, etc. All this suggests that Gums Court is a place that needs to be studied through archaeological excavations. Chechen historians know that here it is possible to “produce an impressive result,” but no one is in a hurry to initiate this issue and use the necessary levers...

Taking into account the Vainakh peculiarity of remaining faithful to their native land, it can be assumed with little risk that at the beginning of the 18th century the first inhabitants of the village of Gumse were returning to their historical roots, and did not occupy lands that were new to them. On problematic issues, they were able to come to an agreement with the local “masters”, and we can conclude that the parties found a common language within the framework of historical justice...

Sooner or later, all aspects of local history will be in demand and carefully studied by the scientific community, and we will finally find out what underground attractions of antiquity we are walking over today...

My previous work on historical research regarding Gudermes was published twice on the pages of “Gums” and posted on the Internet, and therefore there is no need to repeat the basic points. I want to dwell on those issues that have not yet been covered and have not yet been raised by me. There are skeptics who claim that the birth of Gudermes took place much later than other villages of the Kachkalyk zone, and at the same time they refer to some of the works of A. Berger, they say, he has no information about this settlement. Yes, in one of the documents signed by Berger, Gudermes is indeed not mentioned among other villages, but this is simply an omission. In his main work “Chechnya and Chechens” this toponym appears. In the first chapter “Geographical and topographical description of Chechnya” you can read: “Kachkalykovtsy. Until 1840, this was the name given to the Chechens who lived along the northeastern slope of the Kachkalykovsky ridge (on this slope again (!) the auls were settled: Gudermes, Istisu, Noy-bero-aul, Oy-sungur...). If “re-settled”, it means that these settlements took place there before.

Second. There are historical writings indicating that the village of Gudermes existed in the 40s of the 18th century.

And now about who are the founders of the village of Gudermes. There is no doubt that these are people from the Chechen mountain village of Chartali, which, with the establishment of Soviet power in the Caucasus, remained within the administrative territory of Georgia.

In Gudermes there are residents from the Chartoy teip, who today, already at the nekyi (teip subdivision) level, present themselves as “pioneers.” I responsibly declare that there are no grounds - arguments or facts - that allow them to “pull the blanket” on themselves, and are not expected in the future. The first could be the ancestors of the suntar-neky, and tsugi-neky, and gai-neky. But no one today can say for sure which of them. One can definitely say: one of them. Part of the village of Gumse with crooked streets and near Gums is the site of the “landing” from Chartali three centuries ago. Later, migrants from other mountain villages joined: G1umkhoy, G1ordaloy, Enakhalloy, Gilnoy, Zandakhoy, etc. They all got along well, there were rare cases of bloody quarrels, although facts of this kind did happen. For example, the founder of the village on the Terek Khangish-Yurt - Khangish - came from the village of Gudermes, and ended up in those places at a time when he was declared “persona non grata” in his native place because of blood feud. The same fate befell my fifth ancestor, at whose hands one of the village residents representing the teip, G1umkhoy, died. This was after the fall of Shamil, but before the collapse of the Tarkin Shamkhalate, that is, after 1859, but before 1867. At that time, the Chechens had good contacts with the Tarkin Kumyks, and Tarki often became a refuge for our people expelled from their homes due to “vendetta.” Due to these circumstances and reasons, 150 years ago, my distant ancestor ended up in the capital of the Tarkin Shamkhalate, where he spent some time and passed away into another world. After his death, the widow had the opportunity to return to her homeland, which she did with her sons. Their names were Yanda, Yandarkha, Keda and Durda. Yanda is the progenitor of the Borkhadzhievs and Yandievs, Yandarkha of the Aptsaevs and Magomadovs, Keda of the Alabaevs, Madievs and Zarmaevs, and finally, the Durdaevs and Arsaevs “came from Durda”.

Yanda had 4 sons - Borkha, Yaho, Mukush and Bana. Of these, the most authoritative was Borja, who, as a young man, devoted himself entirely to the study of Islam. In the last decade of the 19th century, he was invited by the residents of the village of Gerzel-Aul to lead the local mosque as an imam. He performed these duties there for almost 15 years. From the Gerzel mosque he made the hajj to Mecca for the second time (the first time from the Gudermes Aul mosque). Both times the pilgrimage was carried out on foot. On one of these missions, he was received with honors by the political and religious leader Jamalutdin, who awarded Borkha a clergyman’s robe decorated with gold...

After that, he returned to Gudermes, and then moved to a small settlement near Sunzha - Bori Khutor. This place of residence took its name from his name: he was popularly known as Bora...

He died in 1919 and was buried in a cemetery in the vicinity of Gudermes in the direction of Ilshan-Yurt. His brother Yaho lies nearby, whose descendants, I repeat, today bear the surname Yandiev. Mukush had an only son, Hamid. He died before the eviction - in the late 30s. He had a daughter named Ganapu. On the morning of February 23, 1944, she died tragically. That morning, people were being taken out of the “aul” in American Studebakers, and one of the cars on the way to the station fell into a large hole and overturned. People died: three people from the Kaplanov family and young Ganapa... The dead were not even allowed to be buried...

Bana also died early. Unlike his brother Borja, he was more “secular.” At any weddings and parties he was the central character due to the fact that he danced beautifully. His only son Lila, an officer in the Red Army, died in the late 40s in the Finnish events. Borkha had three sons - Magomed, Mahmud and Yahya. The latter continued the work of his father - he was a very authoritative theologian. He was persecuted by the NKVD and miraculously escaped repression. He died on April 26, 1945 and was buried near the city of Temirtau in Kazakhstan next to his brother Magomed. Mahmoud died shortly before the eviction...

But let's return to the topic of gradation of the village of Gudermes. By the middle of the 18th century it was well known, being a place of large and noisy trading gatherings along with the village of Braguny. The bazaar was held on the site of today’s “aul” kindergarten and mosque. Many representatives of other nations came here to buy and sell goods - Russians, Mountain Jews, Kabardians, Circassians, Kumyks... There was something to sell and something to buy. The Gudermes Chartoy residents also explored other places in search of a better life. It is known for certain that many of them moved closer to the Cossack villages and founded new villages in Priterechye.

There was no main mosque in the village for a long time. This was explained by the fact that Islam was just taking root and for the time being believers made do with houses of worship. The large mosque was “rebuilt” in the early 90s of the 19th century. Its area was an order of magnitude smaller than today, and could accommodate up to 500 parishioners. The first imam, apparently, was Sulim Askhadov. And Borkha read sermons there from the very beginning, and then responded to the call of the residents of Gerzel-Aul and became an imam in the local mosque.

On March 23, 1919, Gudermes became a hotbed of great tension. For several days in a row, negotiations were held here with Denikin’s General Dotsenko on the subject of not offering resistance. The residents of Aul ultimately rejected the proposals of the “White Guard,” and the village suffered the same fate as Tsotsi-Yurt, albeit with fewer losses in manpower. By the way, the Russian-speaking part of the population did not resist Dotsenko’s units. The “Whites” drove along the railway with artillery on platforms, installed guns at the station and began to mercilessly fire at the “aul”. Many by this time had managed to move to neighboring Ilskhan-Yurt, so the number of deaths was not as high as in Tsotsi-Yurt. The victims were mainly in the camp of the defenders, who concentrated on the approaches to Gudermes. During the artillery shelling, my grandmother’s only brother, Bisolta, was killed among others. The 18-year-old boy took up defensive positions on Gooms Court, declaring that he could not stay at home when enemies came with weapons in their hands to the land of their fathers. Bisolta was buried in a safe place - on the outskirts of Ilshan-Yurt. During the shelling, many houses of Gudermes residents were destroyed and the mosque, especially the minaret, was badly damaged.

Then hard times followed. The country of the Soviets launched an all-out struggle against religious authorities, and until 1928 the Gudermes Muslims were unable to restore their main temple. And that year, the residents of the village mobilized their forces and carried out major repairs to the mosque, which after that received parishioners until 1937, although the authorities tried in every possible way to prevent this. Particularly treacherous blows were dealt to spirituality in 1932, and then in 1937, when the best sons of the village of Gudermes, leading theologians, were subjected to repression. All local mullahs, without exception, were arrested and put through the millstone of torture. Abubakar, —————————— and others never returned home... The mosque was closed for a long time and restored only in 1981 (along with the Staro-Atagin mosque - the first in the republic).

The son of Abubakar, Abdurashid, was chosen as imam. Shaikhi Sahabov became his deputy. And my father Ramzan (Ahmed) preached sermons until the spring of 1994. In 1994, on April 30, Friday, he preached for the last time. Under his leadership, the parishioners performed a ritual - tobadar. It was on Friday rube. The next day he went to Mecca, although he did not feel well. Having completed one of the fards of Islam, he returned home at the end of May. The trip really broke him. On the 13th day of his return - June 8, he passed away. Exactly 80 days later, Imam Abdurashid-Hadji passed away. Incredible, but true: they stopped their life clocks at the same time: 23:45 (!)... That summer of 1994, the Gudermes land was noticeably orphaned: with these people, an entire era of true servants of Allah passed away...

At the same time, the village of Gudermes also had its own intelligentsia - teachers who stood at the origins of the development of school education within the same village in the 30-40s. Even if we are talking only about primary classes, but nevertheless it was vitally necessary: ​​the country set a course to eliminate illiteracy, schools were built everywhere, teaching staff were rapidly trained, and in these conditions it was important to have local Chechen teachers. At that time, parents often did not allow their children to go to school, and Chechen teachers worked a lot with local residents, telling them about the importance of studying and raising children in the new realities. And all this was beneficial: there were more and more people willing to study.

In 1928, primary school No. 2 opened in the “aul”. For these purposes, they rented a private house, where the library was later located. A few years later, new buildings were erected for the school - several adobe buildings, in which the children studied until the early 80s. By that time, two other houses stood side by side - brick, more modern. But all this was demolished in the first half of the 80s and in their place a 3-story school was built, which was inaugurated in 1985.

A kind word should be given to the first aul teachers, who are no longer alive today, but they will forever remain in the memory of people. These are Ani Ismailov, Ali Dadagov, Abdulkadyr Bakaraev, Abubakar Akhmadov and Takha Yusupov. Young Khamid Yusupov followed in their footsteps, and at the age of 17 he became the director of the village school. And this was not long before the deportation of the Chechens... After the Chechens returned to their historical homeland, their valiant work was continued by Nurdin Abzotov, Said-Selim Shovkhalov and Gabatsu Lakaev. The first of them was generally the first teacher of the native language in middle and high schools in the city of Gudermes. After retiring, he joined the editorial team of the Gums newspaper, where he has served faithfully for 15 years.

Said-Selim was also the director of his native school, and then taught at the Gudermes Pedagogical College. Gabatsu Lakaev also completed his teaching career there. The last two are no longer alive today. During their lifetime, they were friends with the local newspaper and left behind works in the field of local history and history of Gudermes.

The old residents of the city have fresh memories of the appearance of the village before the eviction and after their return. Until 1944, the village did not have its own cinema and young people had to get acquainted with films within the city - at the railway club or at the Komsomolets cinema. Having returned to their historical homeland, the “aul residents” discovered a new object next to the mosque - a city cinema, where they often spent their leisure time. Women also went to the cinema, especially when Indian films were shown. It was a full house and, as a rule, there were not enough tickets.

Until 1961, the village of Gudermes was a separate administrative entity. It contrasted sharply with the appearance of the city itself, where the streets were well-groomed and more or less comfortable. And in the “aul,” especially in rainy weather, the streets were buried in mud, and this was especially true for the area around the cinema, because streams from the mountainous surroundings flowed here. There was no bus service, houses were not supplied with gas, and there was no electricity in most residential areas. The situation began to improve when the village of Gudermes was abolished and it became part of the city. And in the early 70s, when the Gudermes City Executive Committee was headed by Ubaid Ismailov, in the “aul” they first paved the central street named after Kh. Nuradilov, and then the parallel one named after Tchaikovsky. This made it possible to start bus service. I remember how inspired people were when a small KAVZ route bus drove along these two streets for the first time. It really was a holiday for the locals.

In conclusion, I would like to name the names of people - the indigenous inhabitants of Gudermes, who left a good mark in restoring the good name of the Chechens in the 60-70s. In addition to the teachers mentioned above, these were doctors: Sultan Tagiyev, Vakha Alabaev, Alaudi Khadisov, Umar Apkaev, Shadid Aptsaev, Said-Magomed Gezemiev, artist Amanda Asukhanov, athletes - boxers Mahadi Dakaev, Mairbek Shamilov, Abu Borkhadzhiev, Vakhit Alabaev, Nasrudi Bashkhadzhiev , Ruslan Etiev, Akhmed Mutsaev, Isa Chagaev and their coach Magomed Magomadov, wrestler Turpal Tavmurzaev, journalist Bukhari Abzotov, party and economic leaders - Said Berdukaev, Said Ismailov, Madaev brothers, Lema Tovmurzaev, Khas-Magomed and Magomed Gezemievs, Uvais Etiev, Khozh-Akhmed Jamalkhanov, Tahir Dadagov, Khadi Ismailov, Shamil Yusupov, Sharip Khadzhimuradov, and a little later - Said and Sahab Dabachkhadzhievs, Lom-Ali Tavmurzaev, Rizvan Khadchukaev, Badruddi Saidov, Rizvan Chagaev and others.

After them, young cadres from the “aul residents” grew up, who led large organizations, enterprises and institutions. These are: Akhmed Khadchukaev, Sheikh-Akhmed Dudurkaev, Abdurakhman Esendirov, Buvaysar Kanaev, etc. At the beginning of the crazy 90s, all the key positions in the district government were occupied by representatives of the “aul” of Gudermes: Khusein Sadykov - chairman of the district council of deputies (later he was replaced by Ramzan Lechkhadzhiev), Adlan Chuchuev - first secretary of the city committee of the CPSU. The people's judge was Zara Ismailova. Before the first military campaign, the executive branch in Gudermes was headed by Akhmed Mutsaev. In 1996 The prefecture of the Gudermes region was headed by Magomed Kuchiev. During Maskhadov's reign, Aslanbek Akhmadov was the mayor of the city. At the end of the 20th century, after the liberation of Gudermes from militants, the area was headed by Malika Gezemieva. She was replaced a year later by Akhmed Abastov, who remained in power until 2005.

In recent years, the following have made careers: Supyan Lechkhadzhiev, Zaurbek Saidov, Nurid Borkhadzhiev and Murad Tagiyev, who headed the ministry and committee of the Government of the Chechen Republic. Members of the Parliament of the Chechen Republic are Ramzan Lechkhadzhiev and Said Yusupov.

Karatekas Lecha Kurbanov, Shamil Lokaev and Anzor Abastov performed well in the sports arenas of the world, becoming European champions. The winners of the Russian championship and prestigious international competitions were: Khusein Elikhanov, Adlan Abzotov, Yusup Guchigov and others. Tamerlan Bashkhadzhiev shows excellent results in powerlifting. The indigenous people of Gudermes also have successes in the creative field: Honored cultural workers of the Chechen Republic are artists Nasrudi Dabachkhadzhiev, Aindy Shamilov, journalists and poets Ruslan Yusupov and Khozhbaudi Borkhadzhiev. The latter also has the title of Honored Journalist of the Czech Republic.

This track record goes on. And it’s good that there were and are people who, with their military labor and talent, contributed to the political, social and economic development of not only the city and region, but also the entire republic.

Today, the “aul” of Gudermes is one with the city, which was the first in the republic to be rebuilt and landscaped. His story will always be with us, in our souls. Time will pass, and the realities of today will become history, for life does not stand still, life goes on. And let it be happy and joyful, at least for those who do good deeds.

And, of course, on the eve of the 70th anniversary of the Great Victory, I would like to name the names of the brave front-line soldiers mobilized from the “aul” of Gudermes. These are: Said-Akhmed Alibekov, who was twice nominated for the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, brothers Khamid and Gani Kurazov, Amanda Dabachkhadzhiev, Baudi Gaisumov, Abdurakhman Akhmadov, Ali Eltemirov, Tapa Alabaev, Askhabov - the heroic defender of the Brest Fortress, and many others. Their glory is unfading, and their feat is immortal.

Status and local government

Gudermes urban settlement on the map of the area

Gudermes within Chechnya is a city of republican significance, however, since 2011 it has not had the status of a separate urban district and, within the framework of the organization of local self-government in the Gudermes municipal district, it forms the Gudermes urban settlement

, as the only settlement within the latter.

The structure of local government bodies of the Gudermes urban settlement includes:

• Head of the Gudermes urban settlement;
• Council of Deputies of the Gudermes urban settlement;
• Audit Commission (control and accounting body) of the Gudermes urban settlement.

At the same time, the Administration of the Gudermes urban settlement is not being formed.

The head of the Gudermes urban settlement (head of the Council of Deputies) is Ramazan Mavletovich Saliev.

Story

The Gudermes district was formed by a resolution of the Chechen regional executive committee in March 1922, by separating it from the Vedeno district into an independent unit. By resolution of the Chechen Regional Revolutionary Committee on January 23, 1923, the Gudermes district was renamed the Gudermes district, with its center in the village of Gudermes.

Resolution of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee on September 30, 1931, the Gudermes district was renamed back to the Gudermes district, which on January 15, 1934 became part of the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Region, consisting of village councils - Azamat-Yurtovsky, Alleroevsky, Bachi-Yurtovsky, Gerzel-Aulsky, Gudermessky, Dzhugurtinsky, Isti-Sunsky, Ishkhoy-Yurtovsky, Kadi-Yurtovsky, Koshkeldinsky, Kurchaloevsky, Mayrtupsky, Noyberdinsky, Oysurgunsky, Tsentaroevsky, Eleskhan-Yurtovsky, Engel-Yurtovsky, Daut-Yurtovsky and Bragunsky.

On August 1, 1934, the All-Russian Central Executive Committee decided “to form a new Grozny district in the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Region with its center in the city of Grozny, including within its borders: d) the village of Novy Yurt, Gudermes district.”

On January 23, 1935, by a resolution of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of the Checheno-Ingush Autonomous Region, part of the territory of the Gudermes district was transferred to the newly formed Kurchaloevsky district.

On January 1, 2022, the territory of the Ilshan-Yurtovsky rural settlement was transferred from the Gudermessky district to the Kurchaloevsky district.

Map

Gudermes: photo from space (Google Maps) Gudermes: photo from space (Microsoft Virtual Earth)

a brief description of

Located in the northern part of the Gudermes Range, in the east of the Chechen (Grozny) Plain, on the river. Gums, near the confluence of the Sunzha and the Terek, 40 km east of Grozny.

An important transport hub of the North Caucasus: railway junction. lines, highway Rostov-on-Don - Baku.

Territory (sq. km): 11

Information about the city of Gudermes on the Russian Wikipedia website

Historical sketch

The village of Gums arose on the Gums River, which in documents of the 19th century. It is also mentioned under the name Gudermes - from this early hydronym the name of the village is derived. The hydronym Gudermes can be explained from the Turkic khudermes “fireproof (village)”.

Workers' village of Gudermes from 01/21/1929

According to the population census of 1939, 10.7 thousand people lived in the working village of Gudermes (named after Kalinin), and 4.9 thousand people lived in the village of Gudermes (the center of the Gudermes district).

The city of Gudermes since 1941

In 2016, the village of New Benoy was separated from the city.

Economy

In the Gudermes area there is oil production.

Universities of the city

Gudermes branch of the Institute of Finance and Law
366200, Chechen Republic, Gudermes district, Gudermes, st. Pushkina, 10

Notes

1. ↑ Suleymanov A. Toponymy of Chechnya. Grozny: State Unitary Enterprise “Book Publishing House”, 2006
2. ↑
3. ↑. Retrieved April 24, 2022.
4. ↑ Borkhadzhiev H.
   Truly Gudermes is a city of miracles // Gums: newspaper. - 2010. - May 5.
5. Yuri Sergeevich Osipov Great Russian Encyclopedia, 2007
6. ↑ A Kumyk's story about the Kumyks, Devlet-Mirza Shikhaliev Quote: Ataman Velsky lived near the Kachalyk village of Guydyurmes, which the Cossacks still call Velskaya.
7. Pospelov E.M.
   Geographical names of the world: Toponymic dictionary. - M.: AST, 2001.
8. , With. 162.
9. A Kumyk's story about the Kumyks. Shikhaliev Devletmurza Magomedovich (1811 / 1880) p. 45
10. . This is Caucasus. Retrieved May 19, 2022.
11. ↑
12. . Demoscope Weekly. Retrieved September 25, 2013.
13. . Demoscope Weekly. Retrieved September 25, 2013.
14. . Demoscope Weekly. Retrieved September 25, 2013.
15. .
16. .
17. . Retrieved January 2, 2014.
18. . Retrieved May 9, 2014.
19. . Retrieved May 11, 2016.
20. . Retrieved May 31, 2014.
21. . Retrieved November 16, 2013.
22. . Retrieved August 2, 2014.
23. . Retrieved August 6, 2015.
24. (July 31, 2017). Retrieved July 31, 2022.
25. . Retrieved July 25, 2022.
26. . Retrieved July 31, 2022.
27. taking into account the cities of Crimea
28. (RAR archive (1.0 MB)). Federal State Statistics Service
    .
29. (unavailable link). Retrieved January 1, 2014.
30. ↑
31. ↑
32. .
33. .
34. .
35. ↑
36. (unavailable link). Retrieved October 6, 2012.
37. Borshigova
    T. TASS news agency (December 28, 2017). Retrieved December 29, 2022.
38. (unavailable link). Retrieved October 6, 2012.
39. .
40. (unavailable link). Retrieved October 6, 2012.
41. .
42. (unavailable link). Retrieved October 6, 2012.
43. .

Modern Gudermes

Despite the fact that Gudermes has a long history, today it consists almost entirely of newly built houses and public buildings. The proximity of the capital also affects the quality of life in the city, because Grozny is located only forty kilometers from Gudermes. The two cities are connected by regular bus routes

In the Chechen Republic, special attention is paid to the quality of the road surface; here it is at a high level. As a result, private road transport is very popular in the region

As for attractions and entertainment in the city itself, for a small provincial town there are unexpectedly many opportunities to have a good time. The communication center of the city, attracting young people, is one of the central city squares, where the fountain is located.

In addition, like in many other cities, Gudermes has a small local history museum, which displays everyday items of the local population. Gudermes, where many sports schools are located, is called the sports capital of Chechnya, because many famous wrestlers and athletes come from there.

CHECHNYA. Gudermes - a look into the past

CHECHNYA.

Gudermes has his own rich biography. In ancient times, military trade roads of all eras crossed here, and from century to century events took place that largely determined the course of life. For many years, blood flowed in these places from brutal civil strife between Kabardian and Kumyk feudal lords. The Chechens, who at the end of the 15th century began to move from the harsh mountains to the fertile plains, also suffered grief from these troubled neighbors. Once upon a time, in the current territory of the city, at the mouth of the Gums, there was a brisk trade in various goods and livestock. Multilingual speech was heard at the bazaar: Russian, Chechen, Kumyk, Kabardian, Ossetian, Armenian, etc.

In 1651, at the mouth of the Sunzha, the Sunzha fort was built for “military people”.

The leaders of the Chechen tribes Ushurma and Shikh-Mirza came here. Here friendly relations were established between the highlanders and the Russians. Chechen leaders sought salvation from the encroachments of an external enemy in these connections. On the coast of the Gums River (in the area of ​​Gums Court - the southwestern outskirts of Gudermes), archaeologists often found ancient objects that enriched the collections of the State Hermitage in Leningrad and the State Historical Museum in Moscow.

Gums Court is an underground settlement that requires thorough exploration.

There is no doubt that there was once a powerful settlement here, which most likely perished at the hands of the nomadic tribes of the Golden Horde or “Lame” Timur at the turn of the 13th-14th centuries. A huge number of ceramic products, various types of accessories for warfare, the presence of a large number of remains of human bodies indicate that there was a military fortification here, which ceased to exist after the invasion of foreign enemies. Apparently, one of the ancient cities of the Alanian state was once located in this place. Historians claim that representatives of the Vainakh tribes also fought in the ranks of the Alanian squads. Apparently, after the fall of this ancient city, people did not live here for a long time (the presence of many ceramic dishes in one place indicates the same thing). Gums Court has not been settled for decades and has gone further and further underground. Today, the so-called cultural layer here is located at a depth of 1.5-2 meters.

According to legend, at the beginning of the 18th century

, the first settlers “from the Chechen village of Charti (the northern mountainous part of present-day Georgia) descended to the flat lands near the Gums River and founded the village of Gyumse (Gumse). The first residents of Gudermes built their houses on the site where the “aul” mosque stands today. Five to six kilometers southwest of it was another village of the Chartinians - Gertme (Gertman). Cemeteries of buried local aborigines are still preserved here. It was not for nothing that the inhabitants of these settlements chose these places, the most convenient for living and for fighting in the event of an invasion by foreign invaders. The flat, flat land was suitable for growing corn and grazing livestock. In case of war, it was possible to take families through the forests that approached the village itself to the mountains, to the Kachkalykovsky (today Gudermes) ridge.

The name Gudermes comes from the Kumyk word “Guidermes” (“shadow side”).

The village of Gudermes is indeed located in the shadow side of the Bragunsky ridge. The existence of the village of Gudermes in the 30s of the 18th century is evidenced by the following entry in the “History of Chechnya from ancient times to the present day...”: “The government of Empress Anna Ioanovna (1730-1740) resolutely protested against the passage of the Crimeans through the North Caucasus and moved towards the troops from the Holy Cross fortress. Under the Russian commander-General of Hesse-Hamburg were the Chechen princes Alibek and Alisultan Kazbulatov with their bridles, who adhered to the Russian orientation. The Crimean army met with the Russian on the Belaya River in Chechnya in the Gudermes region. With the help of the pro-Turkish Chechen prince Aidemir, the Crimean cavalry defeated the Russian army led by the General of Hesse-Hamburg (a German prince in Russian service)..." (p. 377)

Gudermes grew quickly

, and within a few decades this settlement was one of the largest in the Kachkalyk area. The convenient geographical location contributed to the fact that the village of Gudermes became a place of trading gatherings. As the History of Chechnya testifies: “Since the second half of the 18th century, there has been a tendency for the development of monetary relations in trade relations between Chechnya and Russia. The origin and development of elements of monetary relations was typical mainly for the flat part of the region. Commodity-money relations contributed to the deepening of the division of labor in Chechnya, mainly in its lowland part. The development of domestic trade can be explained by the formation of trade and craft villages in Chechnya - Gudermes, Shali, Germenchuk, Starye Atagi, Chechen-Aul, Aldy, etc.” (p.219). Further, in the same first volume of “History of Chechnya” there is the following fragment: “The emergence of shopping centers in Chechnya itself at the end of the 18th century was one of the main indicators of the development of trade and the growth of trade and monetary relations in the region. Local shopping centers had an impact on the economic life of surrounding settlements. Chechen-Aul became such a trading center, which conducted extensive trade, having many shops. Mostly Armenians, Georgians, and Jews traded here. At the end of the 18th century, Old Yurt became another shopping center in Chechnya, reminiscent of a real city with a labyrinth of streets and alleys. Braguny and Gudermes were also large shopping centers...” (p. 216)

On the northwestern side, across the Gums River, there was once the village of Kokhanovskaya

, where Cossacks mainly lived. The date of birth of this settlement is considered to be 1770. Subsequently, Chechens from nearby villages, most often from Gudermes, also settled there. In 1837, the Umakhan-Yurt military fortification was founded here. And in December 1857, after the destruction of the villages of Gudermes and Gertman (Gertme), some of the residents of these settlements were forcibly resettled by General Mishchenko’s troops to Kokhanovskaya (or to Umakhan-Yurt, as the Chechens called this village).

Gudermes suffered greatly in the 20-30s of the 19th century

and after, when he found himself in the whirlpool of major historical events.

At the beginning of March 1821, the village of Gudermes was exterminated by Colonel Grekov along with other Kachkalyk villages of Isti-Su, Oysungur, Noyberdy and others. Archival information indicates that in October 1822, two-week negotiations between representatives of the “Kachkalyk Society” and the Russian general took place in the village of Gudermes Grekov - the head of the Left Flank - on the policy of the Tsar's governor in the Caucasus, Ermolov. The Gudermes were asked to “swear allegiance to Russia, be responsible for the lands that will be shown to them, give up prisoners, etc.” The Chechen side put forward a counter condition - to remove the fortifications in Gerzel-Aul and Amir-Adji-Yurt. The negotiations stalled and ended in nothing.

In July 1835, General Pullo launched a second punitive expedition - this time against the village of Kazbek-Yurt, which was the residence of Tashu-Hadji. Despite stubborn resistance from the Chechens, the regular army gained the upper hand, capturing livestock and food supplies. The tsarist troops burned Kazbek-Yurt, Sagil-Yurt, Bamat-Yurt, Durnai-Yurt and Gudermes.

From February 24 to April 1, 1837, the Russian general Feze conducted a punitive expedition to eastern Chechnya to conquer the villages located along the Kachkalyk ridge. Almost all villages in this direction, including Gudermes, were badly damaged.

Gudermes in the maelstrom of the Caucasus War:

• June 3, 1845

  In 2006, a new expedition led by Adjutant General Vorontsov began from the Sudden Fortress. In the village of Gertme, a clash occurred with the participation of up to thirty thousand troops.

• October 3, 1854

  A battle took place near the village of Isti-Su between the detachments of Baron Nikolai and Naib Eski, in which residents of the village of Gudermes took an active part.

• December 28, 1855

  - another expedition of Major General Nikolai to Gudermes and the village of Gertme. Then, two years later, major battles took place between General Mishchenko’s detachment and the residents of Gudermes (it was then often called Chartoy) and Gertme. These villages were again devastated, hundreds of households were relocated to the territory occupied by Russian troops. Including many residents were forcibly relocated to Umkhan-Yurt (Kokhanovskaya).

• December 13, 1857

  General Evdokimov reported to the center that after the 16-year war the entire population of the Great Chechen Plain was conquered, on which not a single intact saklya remained. After this, the village of Gertme was no longer restored, and its inhabitants moved to the villages of Gudermes and Umkhan-Yurt.

And Gudermes showed his vitality again and again.

The village residents quickly restored their homes and survived as best they could. In 1868, Chechnya was administratively divided into nine sections with their own departments. One of these points was Gudermes.

"Gudermes Representation" of the Irregular Cavalry Regiment.

In 1877, the Chechen Cavalry Irregular Regiment was organized, which consisted of six hundred. In the hundred under number 6 there were 17 people representing the village of Gudermes. These are: Abaev Khadashuko, Abuev Ali, Adilgereev Sakhdulla, Arsanukaev Bazurko, Bashirov Bamat-Ali, Bulatov Elsan, Dibiev Bachal, Kurzhiev Baskhanuko, Mustaev Khatau, Sazakov Eldar, Tavlibaev Selibay, Urusbiev Muti, Khasakhanov Vizikhan, Khataev Taram, Chomakov Bisi, Erzikhanov Taysum, Eskerkhanov Baka. The regiment was headed by Artsu Chermoev. Major General Parensov wrote about them: “I fell completely in love with them. This was real cavalry, Centaurs...” And Adjutant General A. Nepokoychitsky, in his report to the emperor, reported: “Glorious regiment! This is how the Caucasus breathes!”

Post scriptum.

By the end of the 19th century, the village of Gudermes was the largest in terms of population in the Kachkalyk zone and was one of the ten largest villages in Chechnya, as evidenced by an archival certificate from 1889.

Anzor Davletukaev

checheninfo.ru

Population

As of January 1, 2022, the city ranked 310th out of 1,113 cities in the Russian Federation in terms of population.

National composition

The ethnic composition of the city’s population according to the 2010 All-Russian Population Census:

Climate[edit]

Gudermes has a humid continental climate (Köppen: Dfa

), bordering on a humid subtropical climate (Köppen:
Cfa
). Gudermes is one of the warmest places in Russia. July 1999 saw one of the highest temperatures ever recorded in Russia, reaching 44.0 °C (111.2 °F) [10].

Gudermes

Probably every resident of the country knows the name of a small town 40 kilometers from Grozny. Unfortunately, Gudermes gained notoriety during the conflicts in Chechnya. But the city has an interesting history and has originality and special charm.

City `s history

It is believed that modern Gudermes dates back to the middle of the 17th century. At first there was a village founded by residents of the mountain village of Charti. They went down to the river valley and built the first houses where the beautiful “Aul mosque” now stands. The aul got its name - Gums - from the river flowing in the valley. Gradually the village grew, and on January 14, 1929, the village of Gudermes was transformed into a workers' village. A little later it became a village named after Kalinin. And 12 years later, in 1941, several villages were united - named after Kalinin, the village of Kundukhova and the village of Gyumse. It was decided to keep the historical name of the new settlement - Gudermes.

History of the name

There are several options for the origin of the word Gudermes. According to one version, it came from the Turkic language, where it means either “the shadow side” (Gün tiymes) or “land of the huens” (Guenler bou). According to another version, “Gudermes” is an old Chechen word and is translated as “sun on a hill.”

People and sights of Gudermes

In 1931, a little more than three thousand people lived in the village named after Kalinin. And by 2015, the number of Gudermes residents had already grown to 51 thousand people. The absolute majority of the city's population are Chechens - 95%, Russians - just over 2%.

At the end of the 19th century, a branch of the Vladikavkaz railway was laid through the village of Gyumse. A locomotive depot, a turning circle, a station, and rolling stock repair workshops were built on the territory of the village. The creation of a large railway junction in a small settlement gave a powerful impetus to the development of Gyumse: the necessary infrastructure began to grow, specialists were needed to work on the railway, and one after another they began to come to the village and stayed here. For more than a hundred years, Gudermes has been an important point on the transport map of the North Caucasus: not only the railway passes through the city (lines to Astrakhan, Rostov-on-Don, Mozdok, Baku), but also the federal highway M29, connecting Rostov-on-Don -Don and Baku.

A small working-class city cannot boast of a variety of attractions, especially since Gudermes suffered significantly during the conflicts in the Caucasus. But still, these days the city is being rebuilt, and tourists who visit this area of ​​Chechnya will have something to see.

On one of the central highways of Gudermes - Tereshkova Avenue - there are two significant places at once; they can be called symbols of the city. The first is a fountain, local residents like to relax near it, the second is a stele with a globe. There is also an Eternal Flame in Gudermes, traditional for all once Soviet cities - a monument to the Gudermes people who died during the Great Patriotic War. Local residents invite visitors to visit the local history museum, which bears the name of the first president of Chechnya, Akhmat Kadyrov. However, in Gudermes you can not only spend time culturally, but also actively relax. Not long ago, a water park was built here - something that not every regional center in Russia, not to mention the district ones, can boast of. There is also an amusement park in Gudermes. Or you can just walk around the city and look at the bright, recently built buildings. More recently, two Gudermes City towers were erected - smaller copies of the architectural complex in Grozny. At the same time, becoming more and more modern, Gudermes has not lost its former charm: there are still many parks where you can walk and take pictures against the backdrop of numerous sculptural compositions - from classical to those created in modern styles. There are several ancient Christian buildings in and around the city.

However, those who have already been to Gudermes consider its main attraction to be its amazing nature. The mountains are beautiful at any time of the year. Tourists can visit the Argunsky Nature Reserve on the border of the Grozny and Gudermes regions. Rare species of animals are preserved there. There are also several healing mineral springs on the territory of the reserve; they are classified as natural monuments and are especially protected.

The city of Gudermes yesterday, today, tomorrow.

Gudermes is a city in the Chechen Republic, the administrative center of the Gudermes region. It is located in the eastern part of the republic, on the Belka River at its confluence with the Sunzha River, 35 km east of the republican center - the city of Grozny.

Population: 49,029 people (2013). The city of Gudermes is the administrative center of the municipal formation "urban settlement of the city of Gudermes".

origin of name

There are several versions of the origin of the name of the city Gudermes. In different years, many different nationalities and tribes lived on the territory of the modern city and its environs. According to one version, the name can be translated as “Fireproof Fortress.” The explanation in this case may be as follows: the ancestors of the current Chechens who lived on these lands were repeatedly attacked by Kumyk and Kabardian tribes. Chechen settlements were completely destroyed, but after some time they came back to life. The name “Fireproof Fortress” implies that, despite constant enemy attacks, the villages could not be completely destroyed.

Some researchers associate the name with the Turkic word “gyuntijmes”, which can be translated as “a populated area where the sun does not penetrate.” This version is not unfounded: the city is located on the shady side of the valley.

Chechen village

The history of the modern city began several hundred years ago with the small Chechen village of Gumse, which appeared on the Gums River. The further development of the village took place due to the resettlement of mountaineers to this land, tired of war and deprivation. Subsequently, immigrants from Dagestan came here, also dissatisfied with the living conditions in their native land. In the process of living together with the Chechens, the Dagestanis completely assimilated and also became Chechens.

Researchers claim that the first settlers on the territory of present-day Gudermes appeared in the 15th century. According to scientists, the local residents had a fairly developed culture. Artifacts found in the vicinity of the city are kept in many museums of the Russian Federation. There are suggestions that the “Fireproof Fortress” was the central fortification of the Alanian kingdom.

The Chechens living on the territory of modern Gudermes repeatedly had to defend their freedom. Local villages were attacked not only in the Middle Ages. In the 20s and 30s of the 19th century, the villages were completely destroyed by the Russian wons under the command of Colonel Grekov during the Caucasian War, which began some time after the end of the Patriotic War of 1812. When the villages were rebuilt, a punitive expedition was organized in 1835, which led to new casualties and destruction. In 1837, a military raid by General Feze was launched, which also caused enormous damage to settlements on Gudermes soil. The conquest of the proud Chechen people took a very long time. The Chechens constantly rebelled, followed by punitive raids. The destruction and the need to restore what had just been built did not interfere with the development of local settlements.

Life in the village of Gumse gradually improved. The Chechens were actively engaged in agriculture and entered into trade relations with their closest neighbors. The development of Gumse accelerated significantly after a railway was built near the village at the end of the 19th century. Local residents now have contact with the outside world and the opportunity to work on the railway. In those years, the Baku merchant Mikhail Kokhanov appeared in the village. The merchant was well versed in agriculture. Kokhanov came to the conclusion that the Gudermes soil is perfect for growing tomatoes. Thanks to an enterprising merchant, local residents have a new source of income. Tomatoes grown on Gudermes soil were supplied in huge quantities to Moscow, St. Petersburg and other large Russian cities.

In 1919, civil war reached Gumse. The Chechens took the side of the Bolsheviks. Local residents, armed with daggers and rifles, blocked the path of the White Guards, becoming their main obstacle on the way to the north. The White Guards never managed to persuade the Chechens to take their side. On March 23, 1919, Gumse and several other nearby villages were completely destroyed by a well-armed enemy. It took a long time to restore the settlements.

Railway village

After the establishment of Soviet power, the local railway and Gudermes station were moved to a new location. Previously, the railway line was located on the site of the current Kadyrov Avenue. With the advent of Soviet power, new railway facilities were built. The center of the future city was formed on the basis of several station buildings. Before the revolution, local railway workers lived in unbearable conditions. In 1922, a train passed through the Gudermes station, on which the Chairman of the USSR Central Executive Committee M.I. Kalinin was heading to Azerbaijan. The railway workers stopped the train and turned to Kalinin with a request to help improve their living conditions. After this, railway workers who expressed a desire to build individual housing began to be given land plots and loans for construction. Soon, on the site of the shacks and dugouts in which railroad workers were forced to live, a small workers’ settlement grew up. The settlement was named the village named after M.I. Kalinin - in gratitude for the help.

In addition to housing, other socially significant objects were erected at the station. In the 20s, a hospital was even built in the village, in the construction of which mainly Komsomol members took part.

City of Gudermes

By the 1940s, the station workers' settlement had reached a high level of social and cultural development. The small settlement managed to become a large industrial center, second only to Grozny. In April 1941, the village received city status and the name Gudermes. Aul Gumse, where the history of the city once began, became part of the city only after 2 decades.

Gudermes has long been called the city of railway workers due to the location of a large railway junction here. Most of the population worked on the railroad. However, this was not enough for the full development of the city. It was decided to build a biochemical plant in Gudermes. Construction of the enterprise began on a construction site abandoned by the previous customer. Thanks to the construction of the new enterprise, new jobs appeared in the city, many social facilities and a residential neighborhood were built. Electricity, drinking water and gas appear in the city.

Gudermes was in dire need of improvement. Despite the new status, the city continued to look like a small station village. The settlement was built up mainly with one-story houses. One of the main problems of the city remained the spring and autumn thaw. In spring and autumn it was impossible to move around Gudermes either on foot or by transport. Local residents were forced to use stilts to get to the neighboring house. The city was even jokingly called “mud mess”. Ambulance, fire and police often could not reach the scene of the incident in time. The problem with muddy roads was solved only in the city center. The outskirts were still undeveloped. Since predominantly Russians lived in the center, and Chechens lived on the outskirts, the improvement of the central part of Gudermes received a political overtones. In this regard, it was necessary to solve the problem of paving the outskirts of the city as soon as possible in order to prevent discrimination on ethnic grounds.

The appearance of a synthetic rubber plant in the city becomes one of the most important events in the history of Gudermes. The first five-story buildings were built in the city. However, there were still no funds for the development of the social sphere. In order for the city to have a sufficient number of social facilities, shops, clinics, consumer service plants, etc. had to be opened right on the first floors of apartment buildings under construction. The development of the master plan for the development of the city was carried out by the Moscow Design Institute "Giprogor".

The active development of the city led to a sharp increase in the population. There is a need to create new jobs. Thus, new enterprises were built in the city: a brick factory, a city food plant, a medical instruments factory and others. One of the most important city-forming enterprises was the oil refinery, which later received the name “Stamp”. The company's products were in demand not only in Russia, but also abroad. Unfortunately, the plant was destroyed during the Chechen wars. The company never managed to recover.

Over time, local factories and factories began to experience a labor shortage. Two vocational schools were opened in the city: for builders and for railway workers. In addition, construction of a third school began to train workers for the biochemical plant. So that all children of the city and region could receive an education, the local pedagogical school annually provided Gudermes schools with new personnel. The Checheno-Ingush Pedagogical Institute was transferred from Grozny to Gudermes. Thanks to these measures, the number of educated citizens has increased significantly. Many graduates of Gudermes schools were able to receive specialized secondary and higher education.

Perestroika

In the 80s, perestroika began in the country, which had adverse consequences for the development of Gudermes. The city's leaders changed frequently. None of them really dealt with Gudermes’s problems: officials simply did not have enough time for this. The city managed to escape significant destruction and casualties during the military campaigns of the early 90s. However, in 1995, Gudermes still suffered during the liquidation of a militant group. Within a week, federal troops were forced to shell the city. Militants occupied Gudermes to disrupt the elections of the head of the Republic and Parliament.

Since during the years of perestroika there was no one to deal with the improvement of the city, a huge number of household waste dumps accumulated on the outskirts of Gudermes. All the surrounding vacant lots were littered with garbage.

Current stage of development

The modern leaders of Gudermes received as an “inheritance” from their predecessors a huge number of unresolved problems. Establishing stable operation of the city’s material and technical base and health care institutions is one of the main tasks for today’s Gudermes administration. The city hospital with 300 beds did not meet the needs of the Gudermes residents. The administration planned the expansion of hospitals No. 1 and No. 2. However, the construction of new buildings was never started due to lack of funds. In this regard, additional places were organized in existing medical institutions through compaction.

Despite the presence of considerable financial difficulties, the city was able to open a second clinic, as well as several paramedic and obstetric centers. Explanatory work is being carried out among city residents to promote a healthy lifestyle. Sports sections were opened in many educational institutions and some enterprises. The Lokomotiv stadium plays a vital role in the city's sporting life. Here Gudermes residents can watch sports competitions and engage in various sports. It was planned to build a swimming pool next to the stadium. But due to a budget deficit, this project had to be temporarily abandoned. But they still managed to build a modern gym.

Post-war Chechnya needed not only restoration, but also the complete elimination of any reminders of the military operations that took place here. Huge amounts of money were allocated from the budgets of many cities, including the budget of Gudermes, to eliminate traces of the war. City communications, residential buildings and many social facilities needed restoration. First of all, garbage dumps that appeared in the city and its environs during the perestroika era were eliminated.

checheninfo.ru

Economy

Industry

• Cold storage plant (ice cream production)
• Chemical plant
• Lemonade factory
• Canning factory
• Medical Instruments Factory
• Viticulture is also widespread in Gudermes
• Metal warehouse "Metallotorg" (metal warehouse in Gudermes, a branch of the largest enterprise in the European part of Russia selling rolled metal)

Transport

Railway transport

On December 28, 2022, a new station complex was opened, designed to serve railway passengers (long-distance and commuter traffic) and bus station passengers. Construction of the building with a total area of ​​4.5 thousand m2 has been carried out since 2012.