Kamyshlov: history, attractions, photos

Kamyshlov

(Sverdlovsk region)

OKATO code:
65440
Founded:
1668
City since:
1781 City of regional subordination
Center:
Kamyshlovsky district
Telephone code (reference phone)

Deviation from Moscow time, hours:
2
Geographic latitude:
56°51′
Geographic longitude:
62°43′
Altitude above sea level, meters:
95 Sunrise and sunset times of the Sun and Moon in the city of Kamyshlov

To the holy places of the Urals

View of the Intercession Cathedral from the opposite bank of Pyshma. Photo by Alexey Rychkov The excursion has been prepared for you: a tour from the city of Rezh

"Fortress" on the southern borders

Each city, like a person, has its own purpose, its own calling. Most cities in the Middle Urals, from the beginning of their history to the present day, have been factory centers—craft cities. But there are cities with other destinies. Common features can be traced in the history of Irbit and Kamyshlov.

Monument to the founder of Kamyshlov Semyon Budakov at the Intercession Cathedral. Photo by Alexey Rychkov

The resettlement of Russian peasants in the Middle Urals occurred from north to south, since in the southern territories the nomads offered greater resistance to the settlers. Moving from the north from Verkhoturye along the eastern slope of the Ural Mountains, the Russians consolidated along the rivers flowing from west to east. First, settlements-settlements with wooden fortresses-fortresses are established, and around them peasants already settle and villages arise. Such settlements were founded a little earlier, in 1631, in northern Irbit, and in 1668, in Kamyshlov. Thus, Kamyshlov’s first calling, like Irbit’s, is the profession of a warrior, a pioneer, and an administrator for the surrounding villages.

The name of the founder of Kamyshevskaya Sloboda is known - this is Semyon Budakov. By 1679, he completed the construction of a fort on the Kamyshlovka River for “protection from Kalmyk and Bashkir military people.” In memory of the founder of the city, the glorious beginning of the history of Kamyshlov, a monument was erected next to the Intercession Cathedral.

Ancient Architecture Reserve

Former zemstvo government, now the city and district administration

Women's gymnasium building

In the second half of the 18th century, the Babinovskaya road from European Russia through Verkhoturye to Siberia became an anachronism. The southern territories had already been developed, many factory settlements appeared here: therefore, instead of the Babinovskaya road, a new one was laid - the Siberian Highway. In 1763 he passed through Kamyshevskaya Sloboda. The tract gave many villages a real impetus for growth and development. But perhaps Kamyshlov took advantage of this advantage best of all in the Middle Urals. A large grain trading center of the Trans-Urals arose here, supplying grain and flour throughout the Urals and Siberia. The grain trade brought along associated industries and trades. And in Irbit, since the 18th century, the famous fair has been developing, which by this time had acquired the status of an all-Russian one.

Merchant mansion

Former city government

The consequences were not long in coming. In 1775, Irbit received the status of a city, and in 1781, Kamyshlov received this status. Both of them change their military profession to that of a merchant. By the way, before the revolution, there were only 7 cities in the entire Middle Urals. In addition to those mentioned - the very first Verkhoturye and Turinsk, at the same time as Irbit and Kamyshlov, Yekaterinburg, Krasnoufimsk and Alapaevsk became cities.

Merchant mansion

Merchant mansion with a shop on the ground floor

In the capitalist 19th century, Kamyshlov received another advantage - the Siberian Railway passed through the city. There is a legend that Kamyshlov merchants bribed their superiors so that the railway would pass through Kamyshlov. The map clearly shows that the railway near the city makes a bend towards Kamyshlov. Since then, most of the trade caravans to the famous Irbit fair traveled through Kamyshlov.

Shop and house of merchant Terentyev

House of merchant Boytsov

The commercial development of Kamyshlov and Irbit led to large stone construction in these cities in the 19th - early 20th centuries, which was inaccessible to most Central Ural villages of that time. The buildings, varied in their architecture and decoration, became part of the appearance of these cities. Classicism and modernity, details of medieval styles, eclectic fantasies - all this was embodied in the streets of Kamyshlov and Irbit. Among the small towns of the Middle Urals, such examples can no longer be found. For lovers of old provincial architecture, we advise you to find time to stroll through the central part of these old cities, look into the courtyards and make your own discoveries.

Falaleeva's icon painting workshop

Mezzanine and turret of the icon painting workshop

We present to your attention a map where not all architectural sights of Kamyshlov are indicated, but the main directions for proposed walks are clearly visible.

Intercession Cathedral in Kamyshlov: there would have been no happiness, but misfortune helped

The Intercession Cathedral is the main symbol of the city of Kamyshlov, well known to residents of the Urals due to the fact that its image adorns the labels of the local, well-known mineral water “Obukhovskaya”. But besides everything else, the Intercession Church is one of the most outstanding churches built in the 19th century in the Middle Urals. The history of its construction is very unusual.

Label with the image of the Intercession Cathedral on a bottle of Obukhovskaya mineral water

The cathedral has been closed and rebuilt several times throughout its history. The construction of the temple began in 1821; the famous Ural architect M. P. Malakhov took part in its design. By 1828, the temple was built in the classical style. According to tradition, originating in the Middle Urals in the first half of the 18th century, the temple was two-story with an elongated three-part volume. The huge carved iconostasis in the main altar of the six-altar church was made in the workshop of the famous Moscow master Stepan Golyshev.

But due to errors during construction, already in 1833 the ceiling collapsed, and services in the temple were suspended. Only in 1858 the reconstruction was completed, the cathedral acquired a new dome, which was no longer made in the classical style, but in the then fashionable eclectic style with a predominance of “Russian” elements.

Intercession Cathedral at the end of the 19th century before the reconstruction of the bell tower

But later there was a new attack. In an article for 1887, it is written about this: “one must think that the builders were in a hurry with their work: the bell tower of the cathedral is noticeably askew and threatens to fall, which would do well to pay attention to whoever should.”

As a result, in 1890 the bell tower was rebuilt and acquired a unique, well-remembered design in the Middle Urals. The new bell tower embodies the features of several architectural styles. Here you can see elements of Russian style, Gothic, and even Renaissance architecture. Thus, such a long construction of the temple led to the embodiment of many styles and architectural trends in its appearance. But they combine so organically that the result is an original, memorable and harmonious temple, one of the best in the Middle Urals.

Intercession Cathedral in Kamyshlov in the first half of the 20th century

At the very origins of the revival of Orthodoxy

Like many churches, the Intercession Church was closed in 1932. After some time, a local garment factory set up a warehouse in the cathedral building, and even later a cinema began operating here. In 1983, at the very beginning of the revival of Orthodox communities in the country, the Intercession community was formed in Kamyshlov, the very first in 30 years in the Sverdlovsk region.

House of Prayer for the Forty Martyrs of Sebaste, operated from 1984 to 1991

To get rid of the Orthodox grandmothers-petitioners, the authorities allowed them to buy a small house on the outskirts near the cemetery (in the area of ​​​​the current Church of the Forty Martyrs of Sebaste). In this house, the first real functioning church under Soviet rule in the Sverdlovsk region since the time of Khrushchev, consecrated in honor of the Forty Martyrs of Sebaste, was equipped.

Kamyshlov: Temple of the Forty Martyrs of Sebaste. Photo by Alexander Shatunov

The modern history of the Intercession Cathedral and the Church of the Forty Martyrs of Sebaste originate from this small temple.

New birth of the Intercession Cathedral

Intercession Cathedral in Kamyshlov.
Photo by Alexey Rychkov The revival of the cathedral since 1987 became possible thanks to the intervention of representatives of the French embassy. And it was like this. The priest of the newly opened parish in Kamyshlov, Father Valery Shilov, and two spiritual sisters went to Moscow. There they were able to submit, through the French embassy, ​​a petition with numerous signatures from parishioners for the return of the Intercession Cathedral to the believers. Only in this way, through international channels, were the Soviet authorities forced to give the cathedral to Kamyshlov’s believers (a unique case in the Middle Urals at that time). On August 1, 1987, the first subbotnik took place near the building of the Intercession Cathedral. The official transfer of the cathedral to the Church took place in 1990, and in the same year the temple was consecrated.

Intercession Cathedral in Kamyshlov. Photo by Alexey Rychkov

The ancient frescoes in the Intercession Cathedral are very well preserved. These paintings deserve special attention. Today, among the shrines of the temple, believers celebrate the especially revered icon of St. Tikhon, Bishop of Amafunt, which was miraculously restored after the long closure of the temple. Also in the temple there are icons with particles of the relics of the holy righteous Simeon of Verkhoturye, the holy martyrs Grand Duchess Elizabeth Feodorovna and the nun Varvara.

Temple of Michael of Chernigov

The history of the Prince Michael Church, which operated at an orphanage before the revolution, is interesting. Today this building is occupied by a pedagogical college, over the structure of which the domes and bell tower of the temple have been preserved to this day.

The former Prince Michael's Church at the orphanage at the beginning of the 21st century

One of the legends tells how the Ekaterinburg merchant M. Rozhnov built a shelter and a church in 1894. A loving millionaire's mistress dies under mysterious circumstances. In a rage, Rozhnov accuses his wife of murder, who was convicted and sent to settle in Siberia. Soon the merchant came to his senses, got a meeting with his wife, who at that time was being held in Kamyshlov, on the way to Siberia, and began to beg for forgiveness.

The unfortunate woman replied that she would forgive her husband on one condition: here in Kamyshlov, on a vacant lot, onto which the windows of her dungeon overlooked, the merchant must build an orphanage and a church for the unfortunate orphans.

The domes of the Prince Michael's Church after restoration today. Photo by Alexey Rychkov

Today there is a project to revive the temple.

Four Saints of Kamyshlov

The fates of nine saints - the Ural holy martyrs - are connected with the city of Kamyshlov and its surrounding villages. This is a rare example in the Middle Urals, with which in the entire metropolitan area outside Yekaterinburg can only be compared with the cities of Verkhoturye, Kamensk-Uralsky and Artemovsky. Four of the nine holy martyrs are directly related to the history of Kamyshlov.

Deacon Georgy Begma, after graduating from theological school in 1905, began serving in the Church as a psalm-reader at the Intercession Cathedral in the city of Kamyshlov. Later he served in various churches, but was brutally murdered in July 1918 at the Sinara station. Canonized as a saint in 2002.

View of Kamyshlov from the Zarechnaya part of the city. Photo by Alexey Rychkov

Another martyr associated with the history of the Intercession Cathedral is Father Sergius Uvitsky. Since 1913, he served as rector at the Kamyshlovsky Theological School. From 1918, with a short break until 1920, he was rector of the Intercession Church. His arrest in June 1920 interrupted his ministry. In 1930, he was arrested again and sentenced to 5 years in the camps, where he died in 1932 in a camp on the Belamorkanal. In 2010 he was canonized.

The former building of the religious school, associated with the name of Father Sergius Uvitsky, is located very close to the Intercession Cathedral (see on the map above), at 23 Karl Marx Street. Nowadays it houses a department of the central regional hospital. In 1914, the future famous Ural writer P. P. Bazhov taught at the school.

Intercession Church at sunset. Photo by Alexey Rychkov

Priest Vasily Militsyn, the only one among the holy martyrs whose destinies were connected with Kamyshlov, died directly in Kamyshlov. He received his education at the Kamyshlovsky district school. Later he served in various parishes, including Kamyshlovsky district. This is where the civil war found him. In the summer of 1918, during the “red” terror unleashed by the Bolsheviks, he was captured, taken to Kamyshlov and here shot among dozens of other victims. Canonized as a saint in 2002.

Father Nikolai Biryukov, another canonized priest, is associated with the history of Kamyshlov. For several years in the 1880s, he served as a psalm-reader in the All Saints Church in the village of Zakamyshlovsky (now a district within the city).

Ancient temples in the vicinity of Kamyshlov. Kamyshlovsky Museum of Local Lore

In the vicinity of Kamyshlov, from the end of the 18th century, many beautiful and interesting temples were built, representing different styles of architecture. Alas, most of them were destroyed or severely damaged in the 20th century.

Church of the Nativity in the village of Kalinovskoye. Photo by Alexey Rychkov

The oldest stone temple on the Kamyshlov land was built in the Peter the Great Baroque style in the village of Kalinovskoye by 1787. Today, only a two-story skeleton without a dome and a bell tower has survived from its former grandeur. But in recent years, a slow revival of the temple has begun.

Nikolskoye village: Sretensky Church. Photo by Alexey Rychkov

Classicism in pure forms is quite a rare phenomenon in the Middle Urals, especially considering the destroyed churches. The best example of this style in the vicinity of Kamyshlov is the Sretensky Church in the village of Nikolskoye. Another example of the classical style is the Trinity Church in the village of Zakharovskoye, which is now being restored.

Village of Zakharovskoye: Church of the Life-Giving Trinity. Photo by Alexey Rychkov

Even on the scale of the entire Middle Urals, the temple of the Bogolyubskaya Icon of the Mother of God, in the village of Galkinskoye near Kamyshlov, is original. The temple was built in the 1840s. In its architecture, the Bogolyubskaya Church combines elements of classical and Russian styles. Perhaps this is the best temple in the Middle Urals, embodying the unity of these architectural styles in its appearance. The slender five-domed church with traditional Russian onion domes raised on high drums is truly impressive.

Bogolyubsky Church in Galkinsky

Bogolyubsky Temple from the north side

Other examples of the eclectic style are the Ascension Church in the village of Razdolnoye and the Simeonovsky Church in Obukhovsky.

The village of Razdolnoye: a temple in honor of the Ascension of the Lord. Photo by Natalia Zhenishek

You can see what the temples of the Kamyshlov land looked like a hundred years ago by visiting the exhibition of the Kamyshlov Local History Museum (Kamyshlov, Gagarina, 9), where models of old Kamyshlov temples are presented. We recommend!

Models of ancient temples of Kamyshlovsky district in the local museum

Five saints of Kamyshlovsky district

The fates of five holy martyrs are connected with the Kamyshlovsky district! From 1908 to 1911, John Vishnevsky, who was shot in 1920, served as a psalm-reader at the Church of the Nativity of Christ in the village of Reutinsky. The temple was destroyed during the years of Soviet power.

Epiphany Church in Kochnevsky before the start of its restoration. Photo by Alexey Medvedev

The fates of two saints are connected with the Epiphany Church in the village of Kochnevskoye. From 1888 to 1904, Father Peter Korelin served as a priest in the church, and from 1909 to 1911, Konstantin Lebedev served as a deacon. The Epiphany Church in Kochnevskoye was rebuilt during the Soviet years; by now it has become very dilapidated, but is now being restored.

St. Nicholas Church in Kurovskoe at sunset. Photo by Alexey Rychkov

From 1888 to 1896, the future martyr Father Stefan Lukanin served as priest of the St. Nicholas Church in the village of Kurovskoye. Today the Kurovsky Church is in a devastated state, but the building still retains the main features of the appearance of the church. The building has well-preserved fresco paintings. The architecture of the temple is somewhat unusual. In the 1840s, it was built in the then usual classical style, two-story with an elongated volume. But 20 years later, the temple was expanded: a large cubic porch was formed around the bell tower, which gave the temple a somewhat unusual appearance.

Hieromartyrs Konstantin and Alexander Popov. Icon from the Holy Trinity Cathedral in Yekaterinburg

From 1888 to 1892, the future priest New Martyr Konstantin Popov, who was brutally murdered in the bloody summer of 1918, served as a psalm-reader at the Sretensky Church in the village of Nikolskoye (the same one built in the classical style, see above). In the Sretensky Church, ancient fresco paintings are well preserved.

All churches of the Kamyshlovsky deanery of the Kamensk diocese

Map

Kamyshlov: photo from space (Google Maps) Kamyshlov: photo from space (Microsoft Virtual Earth)

a brief description of

Located in Western Siberia, on the left bank of the river. Pyshma (Ob basin), at the confluence of the river. Kamyshlovka, 136 km east of Yekaterinburg. Railway station.

7 km west of Kamyshlov, on the banks of the Pyshma, in a pine forest, is the Obukhovo balneological resort (since 1871 a private resort, since 1922 - a holiday home).

Territory (sq. km): 54

Information about the city of Kamyshlov on the Russian Wikipedia site

Historical sketch

Founded in 1667 on the river. Kamyshlovka (the left tributary of the Pyshma, from the Tatar Kamyshly “reed”, which the Russians called Kamyshenka for some time) as the Kamyshevsky fort, from 1687 Kamyshlovskaya settlement.

In the middle of the 18th century. The Siberian Highway passed through the settlement. Since 1781, the district town of Kamyshlov in the Yekaterinburg region of the Perm governorship, since 1796 - in the Perm province.

In 1856, in the district town of Kamyshlov, Perm province, there was 1 church, 334 houses, 44 shops.

By the end of the 19th century. Kamyshlov is a merchant town. There were over 200 shops in it, and there was a lively trade in bread coming from the forest-steppe Trans-Urals and steppe regions of Western Siberia.

Economy

Railway maintenance enterprises transport, leather association. , building materials, electrical engineering, Leskhozmash, metalworking, road machinery. Garment factory, dairy plant, poultry plant.

Culture, science, education

Museum of History and Local Lore.

In 1914-23 (with interruptions) the writer P.P. lived and worked as a teacher in Kamyshlov. Bazhov.

The poet S.P. was born in the village of Shchipachi, Kamyshlovsky district. Shchipachev.

Museums, galleries, exhibition halls

Kamyshov Historical Museum 623530, Sverdlovsk region, Kamyshlov, st. Sverdlova, 71

Architecture, sights

The buildings of Kamyshlov are predominantly wooden. Architectural monuments of the 19th and early 20th centuries have been preserved: the Intercession Cathedral, the buildings of the printing house, the former men's gymnasium, etc.

Obelisk at the mass grave of sailors from the battleship Potemkin, shot at Yushala station and buried in Kamyshlov.

City `s history

On
December 17, 1995, a local referendum was held to determine the boundaries and structure of local government in the city of Kamyshlov.

, the municipal entity “Kamyshlovsky urban district” was formed . The municipal formation of the Kamyshlovsky urban district includes the city of Kamyshlov.

The municipal formation of the “Kamyshlovsky urban district” was included in the regional register of municipal formations on November 10, 1996 No. 46.

The city of Kamyshlov is one of the oldest cities in the Urals. The city was founded in 1668 by the clerk of the Pyshminskaya Sloboda Semyon Budakov and until 1687 it was called Kamyshevskaya Sloboda. In 1687, Kamyshevskaya Sloboda was renamed Kamyshlovskaya. In 1781, Kamyshlov received the status of a city in the Perm province. The Siberian Highway, which passed through the city in the second half of the 18th century, contributed to the revival of economic activity and the transformation of the city into one of the centers of fair trade in the Urals and Western Siberia. At that time, the city of Irbit, located a hundred kilometers away, with its famous Irbit Trade Fair, had a certain influence on the development of Kamyshlov as a center of trade.

The city received a rebirth with the construction of the Yekaterinburg-Tyumen railway in 1885. Kamyshlov becomes a merchant town. The Kamyshlov merchants, who earned their capital from the grain trade, build stone shops, shops, and residential buildings in the city center. This building has survived practically unchanged to this day and gives the city a special flavor of a provincial Russian city. At the same time, industry began to emerge: tanning, flour milling, and distillery.

In 1870, a district zemstvo government was created in the city and the city of Kamyshlov became a district town. Buildings for women's and men's gymnasiums, primary schools, and hospitals are being built using zemstvo funds. Thanks to the highway and railway, the city does not remain aloof from historical events in the country. And his name was included in their records by A.N. Radishchev and the Decembrists. The monument in the park is a trace of the events of 1905. The inscription on it says that sailors from the mutinous battleship Potemkin are buried here. During the Great Patriotic War, new industries arose in the city, working for the needs of the front: a mechanical repair plant, a bakery. A factory for the production of electrical porcelain (nowadays) was evacuated from Leningrad to the city.

By the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR dated February 22, 1946, the city of Kamyshlov was separated from the Kamyshlovsky district of the Sverdlovsk region and classified as a city of regional subordination. In the post-war years, the city continued to grow and develop. A garment factory was built in 1953, and a metalworking plant was built in 1958. During the same period, the construction of a high-voltage line was completed, giving the city a stable power supply. In 1960, an electrical engineering plant began operating. In 1975, a chrome leather factory was put into operation. With the launch of the plant, the city received modern water intake structures and a wastewater treatment complex. The city gave birth to a number of scientific and cultural figures: historian A. Naumov, breeder P. Gridnev, poet S. Shchipachev. in the 20s, the writer P. Bazhov lived and worked in the city.

In Kamyshlov, great attention has always been paid to education. The female and male gymnasiums (now School No. 1) produced many students whose names glorified the city. These are Marshal F.I. Golikov, local historians, scientists, doctors, etc. Today it is one of the oldest schools in the city, having the status of “School of the Year”. In 1988, a new school No. 3 with 1,176 places was opened in the city. Kamyshlovsky Pedagogical College, which recently celebrated its 70th anniversary, also has an interesting history and good reputation. The basis of the city's economic potential is made up of industrial enterprises, railway and road transport enterprises, and construction organizations.

The Electrotechnical Plant enterprise produces signaling and communication equipment for equipping railways, Kamyshlovsky Insulator OJSC produces electrical porcelain, which is in great demand. LLC "777-K" is engaged in the production of paving slabs and aerated concrete. Mechanical engineering is represented by JSC Plant of Road Machines (attached devices for road machines) and JSC Plant Leskhozmash (equipment for carrying out reforestation work). Consumer goods (tiles, electric stoves, aluminum cookware, leather goods) are produced by Metalworking JSC. Food and processing industry enterprises: bakery and dairy plant. Kamyshlov has a significant network of cultural institutions. The city municipal library has a large book collection. The history of the city is reflected in the exhibits of the city history and local history museum. The work of the cultural and leisure center is aimed at working with young people, and for children there is a House of Creativity, two art schools, an art school, and a children's sports school.

In the city of Kamyshlov there are 12 historical and architectural monuments, 5 of them are under state protection. Among them, the Intercession Cathedral, an architectural monument of the 19th century, stands out. In 1990, the cathedral was returned to believers; its restoration is currently being completed.

10 kilometers from the city is the Obukhovsky sanatorium, known far beyond the region thanks to the Obukhov mineral waters, which in their composition have medicinal qualities that are not inferior to the mineral waters of the Caucasus. The modern life of the city is covered by the Kamyshlovskie Izvestia newspaper, which celebrated its 80th anniversary in 1998, and the city television studio, which celebrated its 10th anniversary in 2004.

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