History of Krasnoyarsk. Which federal district does it belong to?

Krasnoyarsk, which is part of the Siberian Federal District, played a great role in the development of the eastern and central Trans-Ural lands. What factor predetermined the development of Krasnoyarsk, what contributed to its emergence as the largest industrial, scientific and cultural center not only in Siberia, but also in Russia? Today it is a million-plus city, which is the capital of the Krasnoyarsk Territory and the economic center of Eastern Siberia.

History of education

And it all started quite ordinary for most Russian cities, formed during the development of Siberian lands in the 16th-18th centuries. It was a wooden fort founded on the Yenisei, at the confluence of the Kachi River. In 1628, from the moment the Cossacks under the leadership of the nobleman A. Dubensky founded a wooden fortress, the history of one of the largest cities in the Siberian Federal District - Krasnoyarsk - began. What was the history of this wonderful city, one of the ancient and beautiful cities of Siberia? It is full of significant events related to the history of Russia.

The fortress had five observation towers, which were connected by walls. It was surrounded by a rampart and a ditch filled with water. Not far away, on the Kum-Tigey hill (the modern name is Karaulnaya Mountain), an observation tower was erected to monitor the area. If the enemy approached, the guards lit a fire, which warned of the enemy, preventing the Cossacks from being taken by surprise.

The gates of the fort were closed, and he was preparing to repel the raid of the Turkic and Mongol tribes. The fort served as protection for the cities of Yeniseisk and Tomsk, and over time, the villages of settlers located in the district and located in the zone protected by the Cossacks.

Data by year

Krasnoyarsk entered the list of million-plus cities only in 2012. Previously, there was a significant increase in population: due to migration and natural increase.

2004: The city's population was 912,800.
2005: 917 200.
2006: the population in Krasnoyarsk was already 920,900.
2007: population was 927,200.
2008: exceeded 936,400.
2009: the number of inhabitants became 947,801.
2010: 973 826.
2011: 973 900.
2012: 997 316.
2013: 1 016 385.
2014: 1 035 528.
2015: 1 052 218.
2016: 1 066 934.
2017: 1 082 933.
2018: 1 090 811.
2019: 1 095 286.
2020: 1 093 771.

In just 16 years, Krasnoyarsk has grown by 200,000. At the moment, the growth trend continues; experts say that if the situation is stable by 2030, the number of residents could exceed 1.5 million.

City location and climate

One of the beautiful cities in the Siberian Federal District is Krasnoyarsk. What other city can boast such an amazing location? First of all, it is located on one of the most beautiful rivers - the Yenisei, dividing Siberia into Eastern and Western. The city stretches on both sides of the river. It divides it into equal parts, one of which is located in Western and the other in Eastern Siberia. Nevertheless, Krasnoyarsk is the center of the economic region of the East Siberian region.

The terrain of the city is also unusual. It is located in a basin formed at the junction of the Central Siberian Plateau, the West Siberian Plain with the northern spurs of the Sayan Range, located within the city. The terrain is hilly. The city is surrounded by mountains and the amazing Stolby nature reserve. The climate of Krasnoyarsk is moderate continental and soft. This is due to the non-freezing Yenisei, reservoir and mountains.

Coat of arms

Krasnoyarsk lion

The first version was approved on March 12, 1804. The coat of arms was divided horizontally into two parts: in the upper part the coat of arms of the Tomsk province was depicted, and in the lower part there was an image of the Krasny Yar cliff on a silver background. The revised coat of arms, approved on November 23, 1851, featured a golden figure of a lion on a red heraldic shield with a spade in the right front paw and a sickle in the left front paw, both of which were made of the same metal. The shield crowned the golden crown of the Russian Empire. The current coat of arms (pictured here) was approved on November 28, 2004. It contains the same red shield as in 1851, but with a slightly modified lion figure in the officially approved image. The shield is crowned with the shape of a wall crown, which represents the golden five-tower administrative center of the federal subject.

Krasnoyarsk city

The sovereign's people, together with their families, remained for a long time the majority of the city's residents. These were service people and Cossacks. In 1690, by the highest sovereign decree, Krasnoyarsk became a city. This event led to a sharp increase in residents, mainly due to employees. The city began to develop; according to the 1713 census, it was home to more than 2,500 residents engaged in farming, which allows for the moderate continental climate of Krasnoyarsk.

The fire of 1773 burned down almost all residential buildings. But this did not stop the existence of the city; it was rebuilt. In 1822, the city received the title of provincial and the status of the center of the Yenisei province. It began to grow rapidly after the construction of the Siberian Highway, which connected it with Achinsk and Kansk.

An ironworks was built not far from the city, and a little later - a glass factory and a faience factory. A school was opened where they received complete primary education. From the remaining part of the uncut taiga, a park was organized, today it is Central Park. The public library has opened its doors.

The city of Krasnoyarsk in Tsarist Russia has always been a place of exile. The Decembrists, Petrashevites and many other political prisoners were sent here, who made a significant contribution to the development of culture and education of the city.

Forecast

The total number of citizens is growing rapidly, even despite the epidemiological situation in the country. Due to the large influx of population from other regions of the Russian Federation, as well as from different countries, including the Middle East, the number of residents continues to grow. At the same time, the annual outflow is 10-15 thousand, 7 times less than the increase over the period.

According to statistics, over 8 years the number of residents has increased by 100 thousand. If the trend continues in the future, in 2030-35 the administrative center of the region could grow to 1.5 million. This is facilitated by the constant expansion of industry in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, which opens up a large number of jobs and opportunities for residents of not only the cities of the region, the country, but also many countries. Most of the visitors formally register their permanent place of residence.

Krasnoyarsk is a rapidly developing locality with a colossal number of unique employment opportunities. Students from provincial settlements tend to move to a larger region. This opens up opportunities for them to realize themselves as specialists in a narrow, profitable field, and gives them the opportunity to study further, choosing from an impressive number of educational institutions.

Golden fever

Gold mining in the Yenisei province began in the 30s of the 19th century. The discovery of mines took place along the rivers Upper and Lower Tunguska, Biryusa, Mana and their tributaries. Gold was found even in Krasnoyarsk itself on the Bugach River, on Afontovaya Mountain, prospectors panned for gold on Stolby. A lot of people worked in the mines, for example, almost 6,000 people were hired at Mariinsky in 1840, 90% of whom were exiled settlers.

There was a leap in manufacturing and agriculture. In 1859, 2 million poods of grain and 15 thousand heads of cattle were supplied to the mines of the Yenisei province alone, and the production and sale of fish increased threefold. What was needed were horses, their harness, carts and equipment, which were manufactured in the city.

The construction of houses, which to this day serve as the decoration of the city, increased sharply; new squares and churches appeared in Krasnoyarsk. In 1863 a telegraph station was opened. In the same year, steamships started sailing along the Yenisei. A men's gymnasium was built in 1868, and 10 years later a women's gymnasium. A paramedic school was opened. Primary schools started working.

Regions

1	Amurskaya	361 900	829 200	Blagoveshchensk	10
2	Arkhangelskaya	589 900	1 228 100	Arkhangelsk	11	19 municipal districts, 7 urban districts
3	Astrakhan	49 000	1 010 700	Astrakhan	12	11 municipal districts, 2 city districts
4	Belgorodskaya	27 100	1 532 700	Belgorod	14	19 municipal districts, 3 urban districts
5	Bryansk	34 900	1 278 100	Bryansk	15	27 municipal districts, 7 urban districts
6	Vladimirskaya	29 100	1 444 600	Vladimir	17	16 municipal districts, 5 city districts
7	Volgogradskaya	112 900	2 611 200	Volgograd	18	33 municipal districts, 6 urban districts
8	Vologda	144 500	1 202 300	Vologda	19	26 municipal districts, 2 city districts
9	Voronezh	52 200	2 335 800	Voronezh	20	31 municipal districts, 3 urban districts
10	Ivanovskaya	21 400	1 062 600	Ivanovo	24	21 municipal districts, 6 urban districts
11	Irkutsk	775 300	2 428 700	Irkutsk	25	27 municipal districts, 9 urban districts
12	Kaliningradskaya	15 100	941 500	Kaliningrad	27	15 municipal districts, 6 urban districts
13	Kaluzhskaya	29 800	1 011 600	Kaluga	29	24 municipal districts, 2 city districts
14	Kemerovo	95 700	2 763 400	Kemerovo	32	28 municipal districts, 16 urban districts
15	Kirovskaya	120 400	1 341 300	Kirov	33	39 municipal districts, 6 urban districts
16	Kostromskaya	60 200	667 500	Kostroma	34	24 municipal districts, 6 city districts
17	Kurganskaya	71 500	910 900	Mound	37	24 municipal districts, 2 city districts
18	Kursk	30 000	1 126 500	Kursk	38	28 municipal districts, 5 city districts
19	Leningradskaya	83 900	1 712 700	Saint Petersburg	41	17 municipal districts, 1 city district
20	Lipetskaya	24 000	1 172 800	Lipetsk	42	18 municipal districts, 2 city districts
21	Magadan	462 500	157 000	Magadan	44	8 municipal districts, 1 city district
22	Moscow	45 800	7 092 900	Moscow	46	36 municipal districts, 36 urban districts
23	Murmansk	144 900	796 100	Murmansk	47	5 municipal districts, 14 urban districts
24	Nizhny Novgorod	76 600	3 310 600	Nizhny Novgorod	22	48 municipal districts, 4 city districts
25	Novgorodskaya	54 500	634 100	Velikiy Novgorod	49	21 municipal districts, 1 urban district
26	Novosibirsk	177 800	2 665 900	Novosibirsk	50	30 municipal districts, 5 urban districts
27	Omsk	141 100	1 977 500	Omsk	52	32 municipal districts, 1 city district
28	Orenburgskaya	123 700	2 032 900	Orenburg	53	35 municipal districts, 13 city districts
29	Orlovskaya	24 700	787 200	Eagle	54	24 municipal districts, 3 city districts
30	Penza	43 400	1 386 200	Penza	56	28 municipal districts, 5 city districts
31	Pskovskaya	55 400	673 500	Pskov	58	24 municipal districts, 2 city districts
32	Rostov	101 000	4 279 200	Rostov-on-Don	60	43 municipal districts, 12 city districts
33	Ryazan	39 600	1 154 200	Ryazan	61	25 municipal districts, 4 city districts
34	Samara	53 600	3 215 700	Samara	36	27 municipal districts, 10 city districts
35	Saratovskaya	101 200	2 521 800	Saratov	63	38 municipal districts, 4 city districts
36	Sakhalinskaya	87 100	497 900	Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk	64	2 municipal districts, 17 urban districts
37	Sverdlovskaya	194 300	4 298 000	Ekaterinburg	65	5 municipal districts, 67 urban districts
38	Smolenskaya	49 800	985 500	Smolensk	66	25 municipal districts, 2 city districts
39	Tambovskaya	34 500	1 092 400	Tambov	68	23 municipal districts, 7 urban districts
40	Tverskaya	84 200	1 353 500	Tver	28	36 municipal districts, 7 urban districts
41	Tomsk	314 400	1 045 500	Tomsk	69	16 municipal districts, 4 urban districts
42	Tula	25 700	1 553 900	Tula	70	23 municipal districts, 3 urban districts
43	Tyumen	1 464 200	3 395 200	Tyumen	71	21 municipal districts, 5 urban districts (without Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug and Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug)
44	Ulyanovskaya	37 200	1 292 200	Ulyanovsk	73	21 municipal districts, 4 urban districts
45	Chelyabinsk	88 500	3 478 600	Chelyabinsk	75	27 municipal districts, 16 city districts
46	Yaroslavskaya	36 200	1 272 500	Yaroslavl	78	17 municipal districts, 3 city districts

City development

The passage of the railway through it played a huge role in the development of the city as an industrial center of Siberia. This served to further development, subsequently making Krasnoyarsk the industrial leader in the Siberian Federal District that Krasnoyarsk has become today. An interesting fact is that the rails for its construction were delivered from Scotland. The ships loaded with them passed through the Arctic Ocean, the Kara Sea to the mouth of the Yenisei River. Further along the Yenisei they were taken to Krasnoyarsk.

In 1899, a railway bridge connecting the banks of the Yenisei came into operation; it was built in 3 years and connected Eastern and Western Siberia. A water supply system is being built in the city, and the first power plant came into operation at the beginning of the 20th century. At this time, 27 thousand people lived in the city, which by Siberian standards corresponded to a large city, in which 27 industrial enterprises operated.

Railway

Founded in 1979 as a result of the division of the Oktyabrsky district. Almost 95 thousand people live here. Its territory mainly lies along the railway tracks. But it is here that the calling card of the entire city is located - the railway station.

It is believed that the Zheleznodorozhny district of the city of Krasnoyarsk is well-maintained, with many parks and alleys and squares. Utility problems rarely arise here, since the area is quite young, although almost the entire housing stock is represented by Khrushchev-era buildings. New construction is being carried out locally. There are 16 industrial enterprises in the region, as well as design and scientific institutions.

5 kilometers from the area is the village of Udachny, where the active construction of townhouses and cottages is underway. It is in this village that the governor's residence is located. It is clear that the cost of housing in Udachny is very high; on average, they ask for a cottage from 15 million rubles.

Soviet period and present

The development and formation of the modern city of the Siberian Federal District of Krasnoyarsk was predetermined by the Soviet years. It was at this time that its rapid industrial and cultural development took place. During the war years, enterprises from the central part of the country were evacuated here, which created a strong industrial basis for the city. Hospitals and schools were built, transport was developed. In 1934, the Krasnoyarsk Territory was formed with its center in the city of Krasnoyarsk.

The Krasnoyarsk and Sayano-Shushenskaya hydroelectric power stations and the Krasnoyarsk airport were built, connecting it with the cities of Russia and the world. Sports facilities, theaters, and cultural institutions opened. In 2015, the 4th road bridge was built across the Yenisei. Today the city has a population of about 1,830,000 people.

Culture

A number of local holidays are celebrated in Krasnoyarsk every year. The most significant holiday is City Day, which is celebrated in June, usually with a carnival. Other holidays and cultural events are the Mana Festival (Russian: Mansky festival. Celebrations take place outside the city, on the banks of the Mana River), usually held on the last weekend of June along with the traditional bard competition, the International Museum Biennale. traditionally held at the Krasnoyarsk Cultural/Historical Center, the avant-garde Night Museum

festival dedicated to International Museum Day (May 18), Jazz on the Yenisei festival, Stolbist Day held many times a year celebrating the tradition of mountaineering in the Stolby National Reserve and biker rally.

Krasnoyarsk has a number of local television companies and highly developed telecommunications; many areas of the city have broadband Internet access.

The city is also home to the Krasnoyarsk Children's Choir, a world-famous choir that tours many countries as the Eaglets of Siberia.

Sharypovo

Sharypovo, in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, regional subordination, regional center, 414 km west of Krasnoyarsk. Located in the foothills of the Kuznetsk Alatau, on the river. Beresh (Chulym basin). Railway station on the branch from Achinsk on the Trans-Siberian Railway. Airport. Population 41.8 thousand people (1992; 6.0 thousand in 1979). On the site of the modern city there was a village (after 1760 - a village) Sh. (Sharypovskoye). At the end of the 19th century. There was a hospital, a 2-class school, a library, and a bank in the village. The city - since 1981, in 1985-88 was called Chernenko in honor of the General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee K. U. Chernenko, a native of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. Sh. is growing in connection with the formation of the Kansk-Achinsk fuel and energy complex (KATEK). The city is built up with multi-storey buildings, individual cottages with garden plots are being built. Berezovskaya GRES-I and Berezovsky coal mine (19 km north of Sh.).

Federal structure of Russia
Republic	Adygea • Altai • Bashkortostan • Buryatia • Dagestan • Ingushetia • Kabardino-Balkaria • Kalmykia • Karachay-Cherkessia • Karelia • Komi • Mari El • Mordovia • Sakha (Yakutia) • North Ossetia • Tatarstan • Tyva • Udmurtia • Khakassia • Chechnya • Chuvashia
The edges	Altai • Transbaikal • Kamchatka • Krasnodar • Krasnoyarsk • Perm • Primorsky • Stavropol • Khabarovsk
Regions	Amur • Arkhangelsk • Astrakhan • Belgorod • Bryansk • Vladimir • Volgograd • Vologda • Voronezh • Ivanovo • Irkutsk • Kaliningrad • Kaluga • Kemerovo • Kirov • Kostroma • Kurgan • Kursk • Leningrad • Lipetsk • Magadan • Moscow • Murmansk • Nizhny Novgorod • Novgorod • Novosibirsk • Omsk • Orenburg • Oryol • Penza • Pskov • Rostov • Ryazan • Samara • Saratov • Sakhalin • Sverdlovsk • Smolensk • Tambov • Tver • Tomsk • Tula • Tyumen • Ulyanovsk • Chelyabinsk • Yaroslavl
Federal cities	Moscow, Saint Petersburg
Autonomous region	Jewish
Autonomous okrugs	Nenets 1 • Khanty-Mansiysk - Yugra 2 • Chukotka • Yamalo-Nenets 2
1 Part of the Arkhangelsk region 2 Part of the Tyumen region