IntroductionMonuments as guardians of the history of Nizhneudinsk

Geography

The city is located on the Uda River (the left tributary of the Angara, the Yenisei basin), 506 km from Irkutsk. Named to distinguish it from the one formed at the mouth of another river. Uda (right tributary of the Selenga) of the city of Verkhneudinsk (now Ulan-Ude).

18 km from Nizhneudinsk, downstream of the river. Uda, there is the Ukovsky waterfall, height 20 m.

75 km up the Uda River, south of Nizhneudinsk, at an altitude of about 460 m above river level, are the Nizhneudinsk caves.

In the Nizhneudinsky district, 209 km from Nizhneudinsk, there is the Tofalaria area, where the Tofalars (Tofs) live, one of the smallest ethnic groups in Russia.

Nizhneudinsk

(Irkutsk region)

OKATO code:
25228501
Founded:
1648
City since:
1783 City of district subordination (Nizhneudinsky district of the Irkutsk region)
Center:
Nizhneudinsky district
Telephone code (reference phone)

Deviation from Moscow time, hours:
5
Geographic latitude:
54°54′
Geographic longitude:
99°01′
Altitude above sea level, meters:
410 Sunrise and sunset times of the Sun and Moon in the city of Nizhneudinsk

Transport accessibility

1. Station of the East Siberian Railway,
2. Federal highway R-255 “Siberia”,
3. Airport "Nizhneudinsk".

The main mode of transport is railway. In 2004, the reconstruction of the locomotive depot and railway station was completed.

Air transportation is carried out by Nizhneudinsk Aviation Enterprise OJSC. In 2010, after a bankruptcy procedure, the company was purchased by IrkutskAvia, which in 2011 merged with the Angara airline.

Distance from Nizhneudinsk to some cities, km

*To Anzebi station.

**To Lena station.

Administrative division

The municipal district includes 23 municipalities, including 5 urban settlements and 18 rural settlements:

Settlements

There are 88 settlements in the Nizhneudinsky district.

Population

Population by year

Climate

The climate is sharply continental.

Economy

The city-forming basis of Nizhneudinsk is railway transport, whose contribution to the city’s economy exceeds 60%. Almost every fifth able-bodied resident of Nizhneudinsk works at industry enterprises.

Industry remains the second city-forming basis, but its contribution to the city economy has become less significant compared to the Soviet period. In pre-perestroika times, large enterprises successfully operated in Nizhneudinsk, such as one that produced container-type buildings, a road-building materials plant, a mica and furniture factory, a brewery, a meat processing plant, a confectionery factory, a dairy plant, a number of timber processing plants, etc. These enterprises produced more than 50 names of products that were well known far beyond the borders of the Irkutsk region. As of 2010, production remained in the logging, food and construction industries, with a predominance of forestry enterprises, which accounted for 70% of industrial production in 20103.

Industrial enterprises of the city: carriage repair plant, locomotive depot of the East Siberian Railway, Nizhneudinsk furniture factory, Nizhneudinsk bakery, confectionery factory, meat production.

In 2012, the average monthly salary of one employee in Nizhneudinsk was more than 25 thousand rubles. (in the Irkutsk region - just over 27 thousand rubles)4

Story

On October 14, 1648, under the leadership of Ataman Elisey Tyumentsev, at the request of the prince of the Uda Buryats Oilanko (Ilanko), the Krasnoyarsk Cossacks founded the winter quarters of the Pokrovsky town on the right bank of the Uda River.

The following year, the Pokrovsky town was renamed the Udinsky fort, and in 1664 received the status of a fort.

In the summer of 1666 it was captured and plundered by the Bek of the Yenisei Kyrgyz, Irenek.

In 1783 it received the status of a county town.

During the First World War, a camp for prisoners of war was created in Nizhneudinsk. In the winter of 1915-1916, 2,200 prisoners of war were kept in the camp[3].

On February 1, 1963, Nizhneudinsk was classified as a city of regional subordination.

Natives and residents

1. Barinov Boris Fedorovich - hockey coach.
2. Goreglyad, Vladislav Nikanorovich - Japanese scholar.
3. Erykalova, Yulia Nikolaevna - Hero of Socialist Labor, general practitioner.
4. Kryuchkova, Tamara Aleksandrovna - historian, major specialist in icon painting, wooden sculpture, history of temple construction, spiritual life in Eastern Siberia.
5. Rachkov, Mikhail Porfirievich - Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor.

Notes

1. Mutko demands the dismissal of the head of the Nizhneudinsky district for using equipment for personal purposes // TASS. 2022. July 7
2. Nizhneudinsk mayor resigned // Kommersant. 2022. No. 123. July 16
3. Nizhneudinsk // Vinokurov M.A., Sukhodolov A.P. Cities of the Irkutsk region
4. Alexander Putov: We need to change the lives of Nizhneudin residents for the better // Regional newspaper. 2013. No. 112 (1133). October 7th.

Natural resources

The Nizhneudinsky region has minerals unique in volume and quality: ore and placer gold, manganese, mica, coal, quartzites, dolerites, limestones and so on.

Significant timber reserves are concentrated in the region. The forest area is 4.6 million hectares with a total timber reserve of 575 million m3. The estimated cutting area is 1830.4 thousand m3, including 850 thousand m3 for coniferous farming. About 400 thousand m3 are developed annually.

Of the 22 coal deposits in the Irkutsk region, four deposits (Kaduiskoye, Mungunskoye, Katarbeyskoye and Ishideiskoye) are located in the Nizhneudinsky district with a total reserve of 1097.94 million tons or 13.9% of the reserves of the Irkutsk region.

The area of ​​farmland in the Nizhneudinsky district is 67,742 hectares, the area of ​​arable land is 57,066 hectares, hayfields are 4,562 hectares, and pastures are 61,114 hectares.

Diamond prospecting work in the Nizhneudinsky region remains feasible and relevant today. In the first half of the 50s, the Tanguy-Udinskaya area was involved, where in the valley of the Tanguy River, on a length of about 85 km. and in its tributary - Tarma, when testing alluvial deposits (6060 cubic meters), 137 diamonds with an average weight of 40.8 mg were discovered. (the largest is 485 mg), work in recent years has confirmed the presence of diamonds and their accompanying minerals.