Travel to the Shakhovskoy district: white bird and nugget poets

This term has other meanings, see Shakhovskaya.

This article is about the workers' village. For the urban district, see Shakhovskaya Urban District; For the railway station, see Shakhovskaya (station).

Shakhovskaya

- an urban-type settlement, the administrative center of the Shakhovskaya urban district of the Moscow region. The status of an urban village has been since 1958.

Population - 10,638[1] inhabitants (2016).

The village is located on the M9

“Baltia”, in the west of the region, 136 km from the center of Moscow[2]. Shakhovskaya railway station on the Moscow - Riga line. The Kizel and Khovanka rivers flow within the village.

Story

The village was founded in 1901 in connection with the construction of the Moscow-Vindava railway, named in honor of Princess E. F. Shakhovskaya-Glebova-Streshneva.

On August 4, 1929, in connection with the formation of the Shakhovsky district, it became a regional center. In 1930, the first machine and tractor station in the region was organized. In 1935, a wooden hospital building was built. During the Great Patriotic War, in 1941, the village was occupied by the Germans, who held it until the counter-offensive of the Red Army in 1942.

In 1958, the first secondary school was opened. Since 1960, the first multi-story buildings began to be built (the tallest building to date is a nine-story building on Bazaev Street, built in 1990). In 1965, the House of Culture was rebuilt, where a children's music school was opened a year later, and in 1980 a local history museum was opened here. In 2011, a new museum building opened. In 1985, the village was supplied with gas.

On March 28, 1991, electric trains began running to Shakhovskaya. In 1995, the television was created. In 1998, the first line of the brick factory was launched, and the production of mineral table water began. From September 2003 to April 1, 2006, the largest electric lamp plant in Europe operated in Shakhovskaya.

2006—2015 — the administrative center of the urban settlement of Shakhovskaya, Shakhovsky district[3][4].

2015 - present V. — the administrative center of the Shakhovskaya urban district of the Moscow region[5][6].

Where to stay

If you need to spend the night in Shakhovskaya, most likely you will not experience any difficulties with accommodation. Here you can choose from three places at once: “Iguazu” (1st Sovetskaya Street, building 2 b ) , where a hotel, hostel and cafe are located under one roof, “Laguna” (1st Sovetskaya Street, building 1) and “Vels” -service" (at the address Rizhskoe shosse, 3 there is a car service center, a car wash, a cafe and a mini-hotel "in one package").

Get some sleep and hit the road with renewed vigor, because you still have so many interesting things ahead!

Ekaterina Koroleva

Geography

The village has a forest, a dam, ponds and a park.

In 2002, a group of specialists from the Ministry of Natural Resources of Russia, the State Committee for Environmental Protection of the Moscow Region and Moscow State University published a report under the general editorship of Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences G.V. Dobrovolsky and Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences S.A. Shoba, according to which it is stated that in a number of In populated areas of the Moscow region, there is increased soil contamination with the radioactive isotope cesium-137. Among the 17 sites occupying no more than 10 percent of the region’s area is Shakhovskaya, where the pollution density reaches 2.0 / km² (with a norm of up to 1.5)[7].

Composition of the urban settlement

Population

Population changes according to censuses and annual estimates:

Transport

• 1 (LPH - VAVS - Hospital)
• 32 (Shakhovskaya - Volokolamsk)
• 33 (Shakhovskaya - Ivashkovo)
• 34 (Shakhovskaya - Volochanovo - Kr. Bereg)
• 35 (Shakhovskaya - Sokolovo)
• 36 (Shakhovskaya - Novo-Alexandrovka)
• 38 (Lotoshino - Palkino)
• 39 (Lotoshino - Mikulino)
• 41 (Shakhovskaya - Berkunovo)
• 44 (Shakhovskaya - B. Sytkovo)
• 45 (Shakhovskaya - Lukoshkino)
• 46 (Shakhovskaya - Kozlovo - Shakhovskaya)
• 47 (Lotoshino - Zvanovo)
• 49 (Shakhovskaya - Babenki)
• 50 (Shakhovskaya - Repotino)
• 52 (Lotoshino - Torfyanoy)
• 53 (Lotoshino - Markovo)
• 55 (Shakhovskaya - Yadrovo - Shakhovskaya)
• 56 (Lotoshino - Novo-Vasilievskoye)
• 57 (Lotoshino - Pochinki)
• 58 (Lotoshino - Konoplevo)
• 61 (Lotoshino - Mikhalevo)
• 64 (Lotoshino - Zvyagino)
• 68 (Lotoshino - Streshnevy Gory)
• 70 (Lotoshino - Volodino)
• 130 (Shakhovskaya - Knyazhi Gory station)
• 464 (Shakhovskaya - Moscow (metro station Tushinskaya))
• 927 (Lotoshino - Tver)
• 961 (Moscow (metro station Tushinskaya) - Rzhev)

Territorial structure of the district

The Shakhovsky district included 1 urban-type settlement of regional subordination and 10 rural districts: Belokolpsky, Bukholovsky, Volochanovsky, Dorsky, Ivashkovsky, Kosilovsky, Ramensky, Seredinsky, Sudislovsky, Cherlenkovsky.

In 2006-2015 The Shakhovskaya municipal district included 4 municipalities, including 1 urban and 3 rural settlements:

Notes

1. ↑ 123
   www.gks.ru/free_doc/doc_2016/bul_dr/mun_obr2016.rar Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2016
2. [old.maps.yandex.ru/-/CVw97SLT Routes]. Yandex maps. Retrieved November 23, 2015.
3. [mosobl.elcode.ru/page.aspx?25842 Law of the Moscow Region dated 02/28/2005 No. 62/2005-OZ “On the status and boundaries of the Shakhovsky municipal district and newly formed municipalities within it” (adopted by resolution of the Moscow Regional Duma dated 02/16/2005 No. 6/129-P)]. Retrieved January 21, 2014.
4. [mosobl.elcode.ru/page.aspx?38786 Resolution of the Governor of the Moscow Region dated November 29, 2006 No. 156-PG “On the exclusion of rural districts from the records of administrative-territorial and territorial units of the Moscow Region”]. Retrieved April 17, 2014.
5. [mosobl.elcode.ru/page.aspx?206272 Law of the Moscow Region dated October 26, 2015 No. 178/2015-OZ “On the organization of local government in the territory of the Shakhovsky Municipal District” (adopted by resolution of the Moscow Regional Duma dated October 15, 2015 No. 23/142-P )]. Retrieved January 3, 2016.
6. [mosobl.elcode.ru/page.aspx?209016 Law of the Moscow Region dated November 25, 2015 No. 207/2015-OZ “On classifying the city of Egoryevsk, Egoryevsky District, Moscow Region, the city of Kashira, Kashira District, Moscow Region, and the city of Mytishchi, Mytishchi District, Moscow Region, as city ​​of regional subordination of the Moscow region, classifying the working village of Serebryanye Prudy in the Serebryano-Prudsky district of the Moscow region and the working village of Shakhovskaya in the Shakhovsky district of the Moscow region to the category of an urban-type settlement of regional subordination of the Moscow region, abolition of the Yegoryevsky, Kashirsky, Mytishchi, Serebryano-Prudsky and Shakhovsky districts of the Moscow region and amendments to the Law of the Moscow Region “On the administrative-territorial structure of the Moscow Region” (adopted by resolution of the Moscow Regional Duma of November 19, 2015 No. 6/146-P)]. Retrieved January 3, 2016.
7. [w[www.kp.ru/daily/22839.5/19250/ Radioactive zones of the Moscow region, article in the newspaper “Komsomolskaya Pravda” dated 02.29.2002]li>
8. [d[dlib.rsl.ru/viewer/01003091360#?page=1 Directory of populated areas of the Moscow province]—Moscow Statistical Department. - M., 1929. - 2000 copies.
9. [d[demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus_pop_39_4.php All-Union Population Census of 1939. The size of the rural population of the USSR by regions, large villages and rural settlements - district centers] Retrieved January 2, 2014. [w[www.webcitation.org/6MJmNy0fn Archived from the original source on January 2, 2014]/li>
10. [d[demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus59_reg2.php All-Union Population Census of 1959. The size of the urban population of the RSFSR, its territorial units, urban settlements and urban areas by half]Russian). Demoscope Weekly. Retrieved September 25, 2013. [w[www.webcitation.org/6GDOghWC9 Archived from the original on April 28, 2013]/li>
11. [d[demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus70_reg2.php All-Union Population Census of 1970 The size of the urban population of the RSFSR, its territorial units, urban settlements and urban areas by gender.]Russian). Demoscope Weekly. Retrieved September 25, 2013. [w[www.webcitation.org/6GDOiMstp Archived from the original on April 28, 2013]/li>
12. [d[demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus79_reg2.php All-Union Population Census of 1979 The size of the urban population of the RSFSR, its territorial units, urban settlements and urban areas by gender.]Russian). Demoscope Weekly. Retrieved September 25, 2013. [w[www.webcitation.org/6GDOjhZ5L Archived from the original on April 28, 2013]/li>
13. [d[demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus89_reg2.php All-Union Population Census of 1989. Urban population][w[www.webcitation.org/617x0o0Pa Archived from the original on August 22, 2011]/li>
14. [w[www.perepis2002.ru/ct/doc/1_TOM_01_04.xls All-Russian Population Census 2002. Volume. 1, table 4. Population of Russia, federal districts, constituent entities of the Russian Federation, districts, urban settlements, rural settlements - regional centers and rural settlements with a population of 3 thousand or more][w[www.webcitation.org/65AdCU0q3 Archived from the original source February 3, 2012]/li>
15. [m[msu-mo.ru/userdata/docs/abc_np_03_08_06.zip Alphabetical list of settlements of municipal districts of the Moscow region as of January 1, 2006]RTF+ZIP). Development of local self-government in the Moscow region. Retrieved February 4, 2013. [w[www.webcitation.org/64cNVl25K Archived from the original on January 11, 2012]/li>
16. [w[www.gks.ru/bgd/regl/B09_109/IssWWW.exe/Stg/d01/tabl-21-09.xls Number of permanent population of the Russian Federation by cities, urban-type settlements and districts as of January 1, 2009] Verified January 2, 2014. [w[www.webcitation.org/6MJmu0z1u Archived from the original on January 2, 2014]/li>
17. [w[www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/Documents/Vol1/pub-01-11.xlsx Population Census 2010. Population of Russia, federal districts, constituent entities of the Russian Federation, urban districts, municipal districts, urban and rural settlements]Rus.). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved January 22, 2013. [w[www.webcitation.org/6GDBk0rPa Archived from the original on April 28, 2013]/li>
18. [w[www.gks.ru/free_doc/doc_2012/bul_dr/mun_obr2012.rar Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities. Table 35. Estimated resident population as of January 1, 2012] Retrieved May 31, 2014. [w[www.webcitation.org/6PyOWbdMc Archived from the original May 31, 2014]/li>
19. [w[www.gks.ru/free_doc/doc_2013/bul_dr/mun_obr2013.rar Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2013. - M.: Federal State Statistics Service Rosstat, 2013. - 528 p. (Table 33. Population of urban districts, municipal districts, urban and rural settlements, urban settlements, rural settlements)] Retrieved November 16, 2013. [w[www.webcitation.org/6LAdCWSxH Archived from the original on November 16, 2013]/ li>
20. [w[www.gks.ru/free_doc/doc_2014/bul_dr/mun_obr2014.rar Table 33. Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2014] Retrieved August 2, 2014. [w[www.webcitation.org/6RWqP50QK Archived from the original source August 2, 2014]/li>
21. [w[www.gks.ru/free_doc/doc_2015/bul_dr/mun_obr2015.rar Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2015] Retrieved August 6, 2015. [w[www.webcitation.org/6aaNzOlFO Archived from the original source 6 August 2015]/li>
22. [w[www.finiz.ru/news/article643866/ Financial News: Europe's largest electric lamp plant was opened in the Moscow region]li>
23. [w[www.mosoblonline.ru/upload/att/20060330091707.pdf T. Sokratova, T. Dyudina.
    The electric lamp is mothballed]/ Shakhovskie Vesti, No. 12 (80727), April 1, 2006

SHAHOVSKY DISTRICT

MOSCOW REGION

About the coat of arms of the Shakhovsky district

Shakhovskoy district is located in the north-west of the Moscow region, 150 km from Moscow. It borders on the Lotoshinsky district from the north, the Volokolamsk district on the eastern side, and the Mozhaisk district of the Moscow region from the south; on the western side it borders with the Zubtsovsky district of the Tver region and the Gagarinsky district of the Smolensk region. The length from North to South is 60 km, from West to East – 35 km. The total area of ​​the district is 1211 sq. km. Administratively, the district is divided into 9 rural districts /central estates in brackets/: Belokolpsky (the village of Belaya Kolp), Bukholovsky (the village of Stepankovo), Volochanovsky (the village of Murikovo), Dorsky (the village of Dor), Ivashkovsky (the village of Ivashkovo), Kosilovsky (Dubronivka village), Ramensky (Ramenye village), Seredinsky (Sereda village), Sudislovsky (Sudislovo village), which includes 152 settlements; and the regional center of the town of Shakhovskaya.

The population of the district is 24.7 thousand people, of which 13.7 thousand are residents of rural areas, 11 thousand people are from the Shakhovskaya village.

Most of the region is located on the Smolensk-Moscow Upland with medium-hilly and sometimes coarsely hilly terrain. Gradually decreasing, the hilliness north of the Shakhovskaya village turns into the Volga-Shoshinskaya lowland. This relief is formed mainly by glacial and fluvio-glacial deposits, and subsequent erosion has increased its dissection. The area is not rich in mineral resources: peat, brick clay, construction sand and gravel.

The soils in the northern part are predominantly medium and light loamy soddy-medium podzolic, in the southern part they are the same, but heavy loamy. In some places, under pure spruce forests, there are strongly podzolic soils.

The main river of the area is Ruza (source near the village of Krutoye Maloye, Kosilovsky village). The Ruza with its tributaries: Dubronivka, Stanovka, Zharovnya, Khovanka, Belaya were formed in 1970-75. in connection with the construction of the Yauza-Ruza canal Verkhneruzskoye Reservoir. In the east of the region there are tributaries Kostinka and Zhitenka. To the east of the regional center the rivers Khmelevka, Muravka and Kolpyana originate. In the village itself, in 1998, a spring was discovered, from the water of which sparkling water “Dubrava” and “Yeralash” are made. In the northwestern part of the region there are the upper reaches of the Izdetel and Sherstni - tributaries of the Lobi, which begins in the Shakhovskaya village itself. And in the south of the region, the tributaries of the Inocha begin. There are swamps in the area, mainly of the lowland type.

Half of the region's area is under spruce and broadleaf-spruce forests. A significant part is represented by secondary birch-aspen trees. There are 6 nature reserves in the area.

In general, the area is weakly agricultural: peasant farms and joint-stock companies (farm "Rodnik", JSC "Ramenye", PC "Niva", LLC "Seredinskoe", farm "Murava", JSC "Ivashkovo", JSC "Druzhba" ", JSC "Temp", farm "Novo-Alexandrovskoye", farm named after Michurin, farm "Iva", farm "Murikovo", State Agricultural Enterprise "Shakhovskoe", PC "Volochanovo", LLC "Bukholovo" ", farm "Aksakovo", etc.) wheat and rye are grown, and milk is also produced. The Atlant farm is engaged in seed production (potatoes, cabbage) and the production of dairy products, just like JSC Druzhba. K-z named after Michurina is engaged in growing vegetables, Seredinskoe LLC also supplies bakery products. Neighboring Lotoshi residents make vodka products based on Ivashkov grain. The Voskhod meat processing plant produces meat and sausage products. Raimoloko LLP processes milk into various dairy products.

Industry is represented by Aqua-Vita LLC (production of carbonated drinks based on water from the Shakhovsky spring), Woodworking Plant CJSC, Shakhovskaya Timber Industry Enterprise OJSC; construction organizations: CJSC "PMK-24", CJSC "PMK-287", MP PMK "Mayak", MP "Monolit" (ABZ), Road Construction Plant, LLP "AgroMag Enterprise", etc. In the regional center and central estates there are bakeries. An electric lamp plant is currently being built in the town of Shakhovskaya, and the project includes a plant for the production of communications equipment.

A regional newspaper has been published in the area since 1931, there is its own radio and television broadcasting (MIC “Shakhovskie Vesti since 1995”), the regional local history museum is located in a separate building, and in the village. Andreevskoye is the house-museum of the peasant writer S.T. Semenov.

The Shakhovskaya district center is connected by regular bus service to all central rural estates, neighboring Volokolamsk and Lotoshin, as well as Moscow, Tver and Rzhev. By rail you can get to the center of Bukholovsky s/o, Volokolamsk (town Privokzalny), Moscow, as well as to Zubtsov and Rzhev.

Used: own observations, articles of the district newspaper “Shakhovskie Vesti”, District Charter, Geographical Dictionary “All Moscow Region” ed. N.A. Solntsev. - M.: "Thought" - 1967, telephone directory `1999 Tver-ANO "Glagol" -1998.

HISTORICAL INFORMATION (chronicle)

The main source of information is the book by Tatyana Alekseevna Yaitsova, (director of the regional museum of local lore), “Memorable places of the Shakhovsky district,” with sufficient additions and corrections (based on publications in periodicals of the region and her own observations)

• In the VI-VIII centuries. AD The resettlement of Slavic tribes to these regions began. And in the 9th century. The region is part of the lands of the Slavic tribal union of the Krivichi and, together with it, is part of Kievan Rus.
• In 1135 there was the first mention of “Volots Lamsky” in the Trinity Chronicle.
• In the XIII-XIV centuries. The region was ravaged either by the Tatar-Mongols or by the Lithuanians, and the victorious defeat of the Mongol troops near Volokolamsk in 1382
• Intensive settlement of the region during the “local” control of Volok by Veliky Novgorod and the great princes took place in the 13th-15th centuries. The discovery by the Novgorodians of a portage in the upper reaches of the river. Holding.
• In 1390, the Volotsk volosts of Izdeteml (along the Izdetel and Lob rivers), Voinichi (along the Latakha and Kostomka - tributaries of the Ruza) were allocated to Prince Vladimir Andreevich Serpukhovsky.
• In 1462, the Volotsk inheritance was formed.
• To 2nd half. XV century The first mentions in the spiritual letters of Grand Duke Vasily Vasilyevich the Dark and princes Boris and Fyodor Volotsky about the villages of Yadrovo (1462), Frolovskoye (1477), 1506 - Ramenye, Manege, Ploskoye, Repotino, Agryzkovo, Vysokoye.
• Around 1476, the monk Levky, by order of Prince Boris Vasilyevich Volotsky, founded the Assumption Hermitage at the confluence of the river. Mutnya to Ruzu (not far from the present village of Sereda).
• In 1485, the Tver camp of Kolp was annexed to the Grand Duchy of Moscow.
• In the grant of exchange and allotment of Grand Duke Ivan III Vasilyevich for 1497, the village of Kolp is noted, exchanged for the neighboring lands of the Volotsk princes Fyodor and Ivan Borisovich.
• In the period from the end of the 15th to the beginning of the 16th century, camps were located in the western part of the Volotsk inheritance Izdeteml

  along the Lob and Izdetel rivers, which included the possessions of the Volotsk princes - Frolovskoye, Ramenye, Ploskoye, Yadrovo, Manege;
  as well as the Eropkins - Tryznovo (Dryzlovo), the Bibikovs - Rovni, Nikolskoye-Dobroye, Novonikolskoye, Goltsovo, the Khilinovykhs - Khilino (Ivashkovo); Kolp in the interfluve of the Lobi and Lama rivers, where the palace villages were located;
  Khovansky in the Ruza River basin - mainly the possessions of the Khovansky princes - Khovan, Cherlenkovo, Dyatlovo, Vishenki, etc., as well as the Bibikovs, Bortenevs, Brusilovs, Klokachevs, Shatkovs, Poretskys, Skameinikovs;
  Voynich
  in the Ruza River basin - no acts have survived;
  Repotino
  south of the Volga-Oka section.

• The annexation of the Volotsk inheritance to the Great Moscow State took place in 1513.
• The first mention of the village of Stratilatskoye (Sereda) dates back to 1574.
• In 1594-5. Peasant unrest occurred in the estates of the Joseph-Volokolamsk Monastery, and in 1606 the territory of the Volotsk region was engulfed in unrest in support of Ivan Bolotnikov.
• In 1612, the region was devastated by Polish-Lithuanian invaders and there was even a local “Ivan Susanin” from the village. Cherries.
• In the charter of Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich to the Joseph-Volokolamsk Monastery for 1622, the villages of Kosilovo, Kurvino (Dulepovo), the village of Ivashkovo, the villages of Ramenye and Cherlenkovo ​​are mentioned.
• A 1626 scribal book for the Volokolamsk district mentions the village of Stratilatskoye, the villages of Nikolskoye, Arkhangelskoye, Merklovo, Romantsevo, Kostino, Agryzkovo, Bryukhanovo, Repotino, Peski, Podsukhino, Lukoshkino.
• In 1634, the palace village of Andreevskaya Kolp (White Kolp) was sold to boyar Vasily Ivanovich Streshnev.
• In 1657, Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich granted Patriarch Nikon the Stratilatskaya wasteland (Sereda) with small settlements and villages as the patrimony of the Iversky Monastery of the Novgorod district.
• Andreevskaya Kolp in 1658 was sold to the steward Prince Stepan Nikitich Shakhovsky.
• By decree of Patriarch Nikon in 1668, the Stratilatskaya wasteland was transferred to the possession of the New Jerusalem Resurrection Monastery, and in 1680 the monastery received the Levkiev Monastery with the villages belonging to it. The Levkiev Monastery itself was closed, and its Assumption Church existed as a parish until its destruction in the 1930s.
• In 1770, the wooden Sretenskaya Church was built in Sereda, which, after being moved to the Peski churchyard in 1858, is still in use today.
• As a result of administrative reform in the 2nd half of the 18th century. the lands of the camps of Kolp, Izdeteml, Khovansky, Voinichi completely entered the new borders of the Volokolamsk district, the Pnevichi volost (the village of Sereda) was also annexed to it. The Volotsk camp of Repotino was transferred to Mozhaisk district.
• In 1803, a stone church in the name of the Most Holy Theotokos was consecrated in the village of Panyukovo. And in 1807, a stone church was built in the name of the Resurrection of Christ with chapels in honor of Andrei Stratelates and Mikhail of Murom on the estate of the Shakhovsky princes in the village of Belaya Kolp.
• On the eve of the abolition of serfdom in 1856-9. there were unrest among the peasants of the villages of Khovan, Vishenki, Sutoki, Dyatlovo (the property of the landowner Vrede); the villages of Nikolskoye, the villages of Petrakovo, Kosovo (landowner Sterligov); the village of Arkhangelskoye - the estate of the landowner Kuzmina. In 1859, the godparents destroyed a damask shop in the village of Ramenye, the estate of Glebova-Streshneva.
• At the end of the 19th century. the development of flax growing begins; the “clover” culture is introduced in the villages of Polezhaevo, Elinarhovo, Aksakovo, and the village of Belaya Kolp; iron plows, horse-drawn threshers and mowers appeared.
• In 1881, a zemstvo hospital opened in Sereda.
• In the 1890s. zemstvo schools appeared in Sereda, Andreevkoe, Buholovoye, Dulepovo, Elizarovo, Ivashkovo, Maksimkovo, Novonikolsky, Ploskoye, Ramenye, Kanaev, Belaya Kolpi, Murikovo and parish schools - in Levkiev, Volochanov, Cherlenkovo, Yadrov.
• September 24 (new style) 1901 can be considered the day of the founding of the modern urban-type settlement Shakhovskaya, first transferred from the category of station villages (or more simply “stations”) to a village, and then to an urban-type settlement. The settlement arose, of course, several years earlier than the accepted one - in March 1897 - when construction began on the Moscow - Rzhev - Velikiye Luki - Kreutzburg section of the Moscow-Vindavo-Rybinsk Railway, but the Shakhovskaya IV class station was opened (in honor of the princess Evgenia Fedorovna Shakhovskaya-Glebova-Streshneva, on whose lands a single-track railway track was laid) precisely on September 24, 1901. The station had all the necessary buildings: a one-story station building with waiting rooms for passengers of all classes, a freight office, a telegraph office, a luggage compartment, a water tower with artesian well. And in 1903, the Bukholovo crossing was opened a few kilometers from the village of the same name. The wooden stations of both stations survived only until the end of 1941, when, along with the entire surrounding area, they were burned down by the fascist occupiers.
• In June 1904, the Moscow Governor-General approved the holding of bazaars at the Shakhovskaya station every Monday and annual fairs on the feast of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary. At the same time, a strong fire wiped out the wooden village from the face of the earth.
• In 1908, the Nazarene Hospital was opened,
• The creation of consumer cooperative societies (general stores) in these regions began in Sereda in 1908, then a society opened at the station. Shakhovskaya in 1909, and in 1911 - in Ivashkovo, Ramenye, Murikov. In 1910, savings and loan banks were opened in Shakhovskaya, Sereda, and Ramenye. In 1914, a branch of the Union of Credit Partnerships of the Flax Growing District was created. The first dairy marketing partnerships were formed in the village. Khovan, Burtsevo. The latter, for its exemplary management of Soviet agriculture in 1923, received the highest award of the All-Russian Agricultural Exhibition - a tractor.
• As of 1912 at Art. Shakhovskaya there were 32 courtyards, a third-class tavern, warehouses, post and telegraph offices, a savings bank, 5 tea and 12 trading shops, a pharmacy, 2 steam mills, a zemstvo school, an agricultural plot, a free fire brigade, a department.
• In 1914, the Union of Credit Partnerships of the Lnovodsky District of the Moscow Province was organized.
• In 1915, a branch of the Volokolamsk experimental field was opened near the village of Aksakovo.
• At the beginning of 1915 at the station. Shakhovskaya (the territory of a modern hospital), a convent of the Elizabethan community was built with 20 cells - wooden barracks and a wooden church designed by the architect of the Highest Court V.A. Pokrovsky. The community existed until May 15, 1920, when the monastery buildings were taken away in favor of public education, and the church became a parish church. Since 1927, this area has been occupied by the premises of the district hospital, but the foundation of the church still remains in the courtyard of 52 on 1st Sovetskaya Street.
• The elementary school that was born within the walls of the devastated community became the successor to the zemstvo school, founded at the very beginning of the station’s life. In 1927, in a log house brought from Golitsyn’s estate in Yadrov, a seven-year school for peasant youth began operating on the opposite side of the village, becoming a school for collective farm youth in the early 1930s. The school received the title of secondary school in 1935. Later, in 1958, the school received a brick building, which is now being converted into the largest electric lamp plant in Europe, since since 1971, secondary school No. 1 has a new address and is located in a more modern building.
• In January 1916, teacher M.V. Paper opened the first library-reading room at the Plenitsinsky Zemstvo School, and in May 1917, the head of the extracurricular department E.V. Demicheva organized a reading room at the station. Shakhovskaya.
• The power of the Soviets of Workers' and Peasants' Deputies in the Volokolamsk district was established in January 1918, because even in the period from October 31, 1905 to July 1908, the region felt the activity of the Markov Republic - a revolutionary movement, unfortunately, not entirely effectively extinguished by the authorities.
• One of the first state farms in the Moscow province was the Volochanovo farm, created in March 1918.
• In 1919, a rural hospital was opened on the nationalized estate of landowner Bezobrazov in the village of Murikovo.
• Electrification of the Shakhovsky region began with a village near the station. Shakhovskaya, where a power plant with a steam engine of 12 horsepower was built, and the village of Sereda in 1920 (electrification went throughout the Volokolamsk district, which included the described area, which was sung by more than one Soviet writer, reporting on the “Ilyich light bulb” screwed in in the village of Kashino not far from Volokolamsk). Lighting in the village appeared in 1930 due to the work of the flax mill's locomobile with a power of 180 hp. The electrification of the region as a whole can be considered to have begun in 1948, when on the river. Ruz, the Yakshinskaya and Krasnogorsk hydroelectric power stations were built, each of which had a capacity of 75 kilowatts. Such a station could provide electricity to only a dozen villages. Thermal stations were also built in Ivashkovo and Stepankovo. At the end of 1949, the Nikolskoye and Dunilovo villages began to be illuminated from the power plant of the Nikolsky timber mill (the territory of the modern Kosilovsky district). And in 1950, Shakhovskaya received a heating station, providing electricity to the surrounding villages. completion of electrification and radioification ended by 1960.
• One of the first enterprises in Shakhovskaya was the “Red Sewing Man” industrial martel and industrial plant, organized in 1922, later transformed into a woodworking plant (DWF). A flax plant was built in 1927 (the first director was Vladimir Andreevich Ottesen), the Seredinsky flax plant began operating in 1932. Flax growing in the region existed until 1961, when the plant in Shakhovskaya (in Sereda was simply liquidated) was repurposed for the production of gauze, and since 1971 became the rabbit down workshop of the Voskresensk hat factory. But since the 1980s. The workshop is attached to the Volokolamsk weaving factory, but now there is a car service station there.
• In 1923-1927, partnerships for joint cultivation of land (TOZs) appeared.
• According to statistical information from the 1926 census, the population of the village was 859 people (in 1939 there were already 3 thousand inhabitants), living in 136 houses. There were two schools - first level and for peasant youth, there was a hospital, a veterinary clinic, a branch of the Volokolamsk Postal and Telegraph Agency, a police station, a people's court and an agricultural plot.
• On August 4, 1929, according to the new administrative-territorial reform, the entire territory of the Volokolamsk district was divided into 3 independent districts of the created Moscow region, one of which was Shakhovskoy with its center at the station. Shakhovskaya.
• In 1930, the first motor and tractor station in the region was organized at the station. Shakhovskaya - 1st Shakhovskaya MTS, in 1936 - Seredinskaya MTS, and in 1938 - Ramenskaya.
• August 8, 1930 near the village. Ivanovskoye camps were set up for political prisoners from Central Asia who opposed collectivization and received 8 to 10 years of hard labor for this. Both camps: “Okhra”, located on the right bank of the river. Ruza, and "Repishche" - on the left, were branches of "Dmitlag". The prisoners worked to create the Ivanovo sand quarry, which, after the camp was closed in 1937, worked with civilians. For a long time, until production volumes subsided and cars appeared, the railway line approached it from the Bukholovo station. Until 1947, on the territory of the quarry there was a cemetery for dead prisoners - now in its place there is a pine forest. At the same time, during collectivization, by 1931, 178 collective farms in the Shakhovsky district were organized.
• District information broadcasting originated on January 24, 1931, when the first issue of the organ of the district party committee entitled “On a collective farm construction site” was published. At first, the newspaper was published 3 times every 10 days, and by 1960 it was published three times a week - on Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday; Issues were printed in large quantities for a small district in the local printing house until December 1975, when the enlarged Volokolamsk printing house became inter-district, accepting the work of the Shakhovskaya editorial office. In this regard, Shakhov residents began to receive a fresh “district newspaper” on Wednesdays, Fridays and Sundays, and from March 7, 1992 - only on Wednesdays and Fridays, but a different newspaper and for a more objective reason. Then the services for publishing and distributing the newspaper, having ceased to be transparent, began to increasingly affect the cost of the latest issue (which increased 10 times compared to the previous issue on March 4), the proceeds from the sale of which could not fully cover all costs, since the issued circulation , which is only a third of the previous one, and that one was not sold out. And with the beginning of 1999, Shakhovskie Vesti acquired the proud status of a weekly published on Saturday, without specifying its affiliation with newspapers. In general, the fate of the Shakhovsky district is very interesting. So, the name “On the collective farm construction site” lasted only until 1960, when from May 10, 1960 to April 24, 1962, Shakhovites who had already built a collective farm life received a newspaper with the more modern name “Dawn of Communism.” But in connection with the entry of the Shakhovsky district into the Volokolamsk district, the district’s printed organ was no longer there, and local news could be gleaned from the Volokolamsk CPSU newspaper Selskaya Nov. After the disaggregation of the districts, Shakhovskaya stood out within the same boundaries, but with a new name for the newspaper - “The Path of October”, which lasted from May 1, 1965 until the official renaming, reflected in the title of the issue dated January 4, 1992. The new name “Shakhovskie Vesti” was not appointed as before, but elected throughout the region. In September 1991, a “socio-political newspaper” could no longer bear such a wild name “The Path of October,” which was absolutely out of character for the time. Therefore, the editors invited readers to name their newspaper themselves, and active residents vied with each other to propose names: “Shakhovchanka”, and “Ruzianka”, and “Shakhovskie Vesti”, and “On the Bank of the Ruza”, and many others, including the old style. As a result, not in favor of the editors’ opinion, the name “Shakhovskie Vesti”, which was completely neutral and reflected the essence of the publication, was adopted. Today the journalistic team of the newspaper is very small: editor T.M. Sokratova, deputy editor T.I. Dyudina, photojournalist G.N. Shelkovskaya, head economic department N.V. Serkov, a good part of the events are covered by freelance correspondents. In addition to the printed publication, the life of the district is covered by wire radio and television broadcasting to the small (no more than 30 km) district of Shakhovskaya. The history of the Shakhovsky decimeter TV channel began on September 1, 1993, when Ekran LLP began broadcasting videos on weekdays from 18:00 to 23:00 and on weekends from 14:00. Unfortunately, the channel soon became paid, besides, watching videos ceased to be something special, and on November 18, 1995, the first truly regional television program was published - municipal information, which, in addition to local news, offers various regional programs - live broadcasts with officials, entertainment programs, broadcasts of amateur concerts, but also, of course, for fun, films. Since May 16, 1996, releases have occurred from 20.00 four times a week, but now only twice.
• The Shakhovsky district became one of the heroic steps in overcoming the fascist offensive on Moscow in the winter of 1941-1942. The fascists entered the territory of the region in the first months of the Great Patriotic War - in a matter of days, by October 13, 1941, the entire territory was occupied, most of the villages were burned, Enemy troops settled in untouched areas. However, the Shakhovskaya residents felt the strength of the enemy much earlier, namely on June 29, when at 2 o’clock in the afternoon a train from Rzhev, accompanied by an airplane, arrived at the Shakhovskaya station on schedule. And the Shakhovites thought that it was a Soviet fighter, but before the train had time to stop, fire was opened from a large-caliber machine gun from a fascist plane in low-level flight. This is how the first victims appeared in the village... The area was liberated on January 24, 1942, moving the front line to the Rzhev-Vyazemsky direction, but all that remained from the former life were ruined families and crippled souls of people who were to restore the entire glorious economy. From the entire Shakhovskaya station, only two brick houses remained, one of which housed the administration for a long time; after some time, it was possible to start up a flax mill, the equipment of which was evacuated before the start of the occupation; By March 1942, the railway track was restored by Moscow metro workers. The names and exploits of the heroic countrymen will forever remain in the memory of Shakhov residents: the commissar of the partisan detachment Potap Mikhailovich Bazaev (partisan nickname Pavel), the commander of the partisan detachment named after Pavel Ivan Dmitrievich Shamonin, in whose honor two streets of the village were renamed in 1972, and also named Partizanskaya street towards Sereda, and many others. The memorial sign at the site of the concentration camp on the outskirts of Shakhovskaya (Pervomaisky Lane), which, together with the 2 thousand prisoners and civilians contained in it, was burned on January 17, 1942 by the enemy while fleeing, will not be overgrown with weeds. The underground hospital in the Seredinsky hospital, organized from October 12 to October 27, 1941 by Maria Karlovna Rinkman, as evidenced by the memorial plaque, played a huge role for the partisan detachments. In memory of the fiery years, 35 mass graves were almost decorated, monuments were erected: in 1970, a memorial was created in Shakhovskaya to the fallen fellow countrymen with a mass grave of liberators and prisoners of the camp, as well as soldiers of an armored train blown up by the Nazis at the station in August 1942; in October 2002, at the entrance to the village from Rzhev, a square was laid out, in which a memorial howitzer was installed in honor of the valiant warriors of the 20th Army of the Western Front, the defenders of the Shakhovskaya land. The minutes of the Shakhovsky district committee (the first post-occupation meeting of which took place under the leadership of I.I. Rykov on January 22, 1942) dated February 20, 1942, recorded that “During 105 days of control of the German occupiers in the area, 31 settlements with 2,500 houses were destroyed , 31 schools, 3 hospitals, up to 1,500 civilians were kidnapped from 10 villages…”, besides, it is believed that almost 12 thousand Shakhovites did not return from the fronts and died from wounds in hospitals.
• Naturally, the housing buildings and social and cultural facilities erected in the first post-war years were wooden and temporary, so today in the center of the village the oldest buildings besides the two that have survived (now a trading house - ~ until the mid-1970s, the former administrative building and the non-working canteen of the RaiPO ) you can immediately name the building of the former communications center on the current Komsomolskaya Street (former Pochtovaya) with a mark on the facade “1951” and a grocery store opposite the administration from Fr. The brick station with all the accompanying buildings was built even earlier - in 1952. In 1958, a new high school - the first standard building - and a dairy plant opened its doors. The first multi-storey housing appeared in 1961 on the street. Gavrinskaya (since 1972 - named after Shamonin), on 1st Sovetskaya Street and 3rd Seredinsky Lane. These were 2-story brick houses with a typical Khrushchev-era layout. Such houses were later erected throughout the village in various numbers of floors and are still alive (the first five-story brick building was built in 1967 on Shamonin Street). In general, the tallest building in the regional center today is the once elite “Travkinskaya” 9-story building on the street. Bazaev, built in 1990, surrounded by unattractive five-story panel buildings and barracks opposite. Now the “first” people of the region prefer estates near the dam of the river. Khovanka, which is on the left side of the railway in the microdistrict of the private sector and the forestry enterprise. Thus, today there is not a single village house left on the main street of the village - 1st Sovetskaya - the last one gave away the land for the next store for the 100th anniversary of the station. But clearly the last two days are living out the days of the two houses on the street. Shamonin near the stadium and a row of houses on Komsomolskaya. The center has a completely reasonable distribution of buildings and squares, driveways and flower beds, which developed in the 1970s. after the construction of the new “White House” with the granite Leader (who, by the way, was the only one among the districts of the Riga Road that was pushed away at the end of 1991 and, thank God, is almost not remembered, despite the original coloring of the current management team), Station Square with a bus station and row of buildings along the main street. The residential sector is represented by both brick and panel five-story buildings in the microdistrict between 1st Sovetskaya Street and Riga Highway; 2- and 3-story brick houses around the hospital and in the PMK-24 microdistrict; private sector throughout the rest of the territory. After a break of more than ten years, the construction of apartment buildings resumed as a joint project of the administration and a certain commercial construction company. All social and cultural facilities are located in completely comfortable buildings in the center of the village.
• The timber industry enterprise, organized from the forestry enterprise in 1945, took a direct part in the restoration of the residential sector, and on March 1, 1946, the revived enterprise was merged into the district collective farm (the current Shakhovskaya MUPKH). The increase in the range of organizations in the district grew gradually in the village: thus, in 1959, PMK-24 was created, forming an entire microdistrict for its employees; On June 8, 1959, a transport enterprise was born (now Shakhovskoe PATP LLC), which already in the same year opened bus services in the area - to Seredu-Dor (5 trips per day) and to Ramenye; by 1960 an asphalt and concrete plant was built, and by 1961 PMK-287 was built. A real fire station appeared at the exit towards Moscow in 1962. In 1965, new hospital buildings were built, an auxiliary boarding school appeared, and on October 9 the House of Culture opened its doors. A new complex of consumer services - a department store and restaurant "Kolos" - opened its doors in 1975 on the site of a once-functioning wooden teahouse.
• The cultural leisure of Shakhov residents became full-fledged only in the 1980s. after the opening of the museum and cinema. The initial location of several rooms of the local history museum was determined on the 20th floor of the cultural center and the first visitors were able to see the exhibition on April 21, 1980, but by Victory Day 1984 the museum moved to a newly built building that still serves today on the hill near the memorial on Sovetskaya Street. At the same time, an alley of heroes of the Great Patriotic War was built on the square in front of the museum. The new cinema (now a leisure village) was built in the same 1984.
• In rural areas, the main development of social and cultural facilities and standard multi-storey housing has occurred since the 1960s. against the background of consolidation of already unprofitable collective farms. In those years, the typical development of central estates began with blocks of 2 and 3 storey brick and panel cells, unsuitable for the village, on the site of the private sector or outbuildings, which were immediately revived in the courtyards or on the balconies of apartments. Now, maintaining such housing in an acceptable condition requires huge costs, thereby creating troubles for both residents and public utilities. Residents of village cottages, which were once equipped with centralized heating and water supply in general, are faced with much greater problems, which, naturally, never existed as such, since heating a stone bag is not so easy. Among the objects of social and cultural life, one can note the first wide-screen cinema in the Moscow region in 1965, built in Ramenye. However, one cannot talk about the widespread squalor of the village - both in Ivashkovo and Sereda, where entrepreneurs took over the former collective and state farms, agriculture is becoming a new one level of development in the complex of cooperation with neighboring areas. It is gratifying to see how abandoned churches are being revived and new ones are being built through the efforts of living souls, and an orphanage has been created in Ivashkovo.
• The Shakhovsky district, like the rest of the districts that make up the North-Western Moscow region, is considered agricultural - in the meat and dairy direction. That's how he was and maybe he will be,

An excerpt characterizing Shakhovskaya (worker village)

Pierre could not understand for a long time, but when he understood, he jumped up from the sofa, grabbed Boris’s hand from below with his characteristic speed and awkwardness and, flushed much more than Boris, began to speak with a mixed feeling of shame and annoyance. - This is strange! I really... and who could have thought... I know very well... But Boris interrupted him again: “I’m glad I expressed everything.” Maybe it’s unpleasant for you, excuse me,” he said, reassuring Pierre, instead of being reassured by him, “but I hope I didn’t offend you.” I have a rule of saying everything directly... How can I convey it? Will you come to dinner with the Rostovs? And Boris, apparently having relieved himself of a heavy duty, getting out of an awkward situation himself and putting someone else in it, became completely pleasant again. “No, listen,” Pierre said, calming down. – You are an amazing person. What you just said is very good, very good. Of course you don't know me. We haven’t seen each other for so long... since we were children... You can assume in me... I understand you, I understand you very much. I wouldn't do it, I wouldn't have the guts, but it's wonderful. I am very glad that I met you. It’s strange,” he added, after a pause and smiling, “what you assumed in me!” - He laughed. - Well, so what? We'll get to know you better. Please. – He shook hands with Boris. – You know, I have never been to the count. He didn’t call me... I feel sorry for him as a person... But what to do? – And you think that Napoleon will have time to transport the army? – Boris asked, smiling. Pierre realized that Boris wanted to change the conversation, and, agreeing with him, began to outline the advantages and disadvantages of the Boulogne enterprise. The footman came to summon Boris to the princess. The princess was leaving. Pierre promised to come for dinner in order to get closer to Boris, firmly shook his hand, looking affectionately into his eyes through his glasses... After he left, Pierre walked around the room for a long time, no longer piercing the invisible enemy with his sword, but smiling at the memory of this dear, smart and strong young man. As happens in early youth and especially in a lonely situation, he felt an unreasonable tenderness for this young man and promised himself to make friends with him. Prince Vasily saw off the princess. The princess held a handkerchief to her eyes, and her face was in tears. - It's horrible! terrible! - she said, - but no matter what it costs me, I will do my duty. I'll come over for the night. He can't be left like that. Every minute is precious. I don’t understand why the princesses are delaying. Maybe God will help me find a way to prepare it!... Adieu, mon prince, que le bon Dieu vous soutienne... [[Farewell, prince, may God support you.] Adieu, ma bonne, [[Farewell, my dear,] answered the prince Vasily, turning away from her. “Oh, he’s in a terrible situation,” the mother said to her son as they got back into the carriage. “He hardly recognizes anyone.” “I don’t understand, mamma, what is his relationship with Pierre?” - asked the son. “The will will say everything, my friend; Our fate depends on him... - But why do you think that he will leave anything to us? - Ah, my friend! He is so rich and we are so poor! “Well, that’s not a good enough reason, mummy.” - Oh my god! My God! How bad he is! - exclaimed the mother. When Anna Mikhailovna left with her son to visit Count Kirill Vladimirovich Bezukhy, Countess Rostova sat alone for a long time, putting a handkerchief to her eyes. Finally, she called. “What are you talking about, dear,” she said angrily to the girl, who made herself wait for several minutes. – Don’t you want to serve, or what? So I'll find a place for you. The countess was upset by the grief and humiliating poverty of her friend and therefore was out of sorts, which she always expressed by calling the maid “dear” and “you.” “It’s your fault,” said the maid. - Ask the Count to come to me. The Count, waddled, approached his wife with a somewhat guilty look, as always. - Well, countess! What a saute au madere [[sauté in Madeira] there will be hazel grouse, ma chere! I tried; It’s not for nothing that I gave a thousand rubles for Taraska. Costs! He sat down next to his wife, resting his arms bravely on his knees and ruffling his gray hair. - What do you order, Countess? - So, my friend, what is it that you have dirty here? - she said, pointing to the vest. “It’s sote, that’s right,” she added, smiling. - That's it, Count: I need money. Her face became sad. - Oh, countess!... And the count began to fuss, taking out his wallet. “I need a lot, Count, I need five hundred rubles.” And she, taking out a cambric handkerchief, rubbed her husband’s vest with it. - Now. Hey, who's there? - he shouted in a voice that only people shout when they are sure that those they are calling will rush headlong to their call. - Send Mitenka to me! Mitenka, that noble son raised by the count, who was now in charge of all his affairs, entered the room with quiet steps. “That’s it, my dear,” said the count to the respectful young man who entered. “Bring me…” he thought. - Yes, 700 rubles, yes. But look, don’t bring anything torn and dirty like that time, but good ones for the countess. “Yes, Mitenka, please, keep them clean,” said the countess, sighing sadly. - Your Excellency, when will you order it to be delivered? - said Mitenka. “If you please know that... However, please don’t worry,” he added, noticing how the count had already begun to breathe heavily and quickly, which was always a sign of beginning anger. - I forgot... Will you order it to be delivered this minute? - Yes, yes, then, bring it. Give it to the Countess. “This Mitenka is such gold,” the count added, smiling, when the young man left. - No, it’s not possible. I can't stand this. Everything is possible. - Oh, money, count, money, how much grief it causes in the world! - said the countess. - And I really need this money. “You, countess, are a well-known reel,” said the count and, kissing his wife’s hand, he went back into the office. When Anna Mikhailovna returned again from Bezukhoy, the countess already had money, all in brand new pieces of paper, under a scarf on the table, and Anna Mikhailovna noticed that the countess was disturbed by something. - Well, what, my friend? – asked the Countess. - Oh, what a terrible situation he is in! It is impossible to recognize him, he is so bad, so bad; I stayed for a minute and didn’t say two words... “Annette, for God’s sake, don’t refuse me,” the countess suddenly said, blushing, which was so strange in her middle-aged, thin and important face, taking money out from under her scarf. Anna Mikhailovna instantly understood what was happening, and already bent down to deftly hug the countess at the right moment. - Here's to Boris from me, to sew a uniform... Anna Mikhailovna was already hugging her and crying. The Countess cried too. They cried that they were friends; and that they are good; and that they, friends of youth, are busy with such a low subject - money; and that their youth had passed... But the tears of both were pleasant... Countess Rostova with her daughters and already with a large number of guests was sitting in the living room. The Count led the male guests into his office, offering them his hunting collection of Turkish pipes. Occasionally he would go out and ask: has she arrived? They were waiting for Marya Dmitrievna Akhrosimova, nicknamed in society le terrible dragon, famous not for her wealth or honors, but for her directness of mind and frank simplicity of manner. Marya Dmitrievna was known by the royal family, all of Moscow and all of St. Petersburg knew her, and both cities, surprised by her, secretly laughed at her rudeness and told jokes about her; nevertheless, everyone without exception respected and feared her. In the office, full of smoke, there was a conversation about the war, which was declared by the manifesto, about recruitment. No one had read the manifesto yet, but everyone knew about its appearance. The Count was sitting on an ottoman between two neighbors who were smoking and talking. The count himself did not smoke or speak, but tilting his head, now to one side, now to the other, looked with visible pleasure at those smoking and listened to the conversation of his two neighbors, whom he pitted against each other. One of the speakers was a civilian, with a wrinkled, bilious and shaved thin face, a man already approaching old age, although dressed like the most fashionable young man; he sat with his feet on the ottoman with the air of a domestic man and, throwing amber far into his mouth from the side, impulsively inhaled the smoke and squinted. It was the old bachelor Shinshin, the countess's cousin, an evil tongue, as they said about him in Moscow drawing rooms. He seemed to condescend to his interlocutor. Another, fresh, pink, guards officer, impeccably washed, buttoned up and combed, held amber in the middle of his mouth and lightly pulled out smoke with his pink lips, releasing it in ringlets from his beautiful mouth. This was Lieutenant Berg, an officer of the Semenovsky regiment, with whom Boris rode together in the regiment and with whom Natasha teased Vera, the senior countess, calling Berg her fiancé. The Count sat between them and listened attentively. The most enjoyable activity for the Count, with the exception of the game of Boston, which he loved very much, was the position of listening, especially when he managed to pit two talkative interlocutors against each other.