Location
Briefly considering the geographical location of Novosibirsk, one can understand that the city is located in the southeastern part of the West Siberian Plain. It stands on the Priobsky plateau, which adjoins the bed of the Ob River.
The geographical location of the city of Novosibirsk is at the intersection of forest and forest-steppe climatic zones.
The city borders with Kazakhstan in the southwest, with the Omsk region in the west, with the Tomsk region in the north, with the Kemerovo region in the east and with the Altai Territory in the south.
Having studied the physical and geographical position of Novosibirsk, we can conclude that the part of the city located on the left bank of the Ob River has a flat topography. The ravine relief of the right bank part of the city is due to the fact that the transition to mountainous relief begins here.
Automobile highways
Six main highways pass through Novosibirsk:
- Federal highway P254 to Omsk.
- Highway P255 to Tomsk, Kemerovo and Krasnoyarsk (federal highway "Siberia").
- Route 50K12 of regional significance to Kolyvan, Tomsk and Kolpashevo.
- Federal highway P256 (Chuysky tract) to Barnaul, Biysk and Gorno-Altaisk.
- Highway P380 of regional importance to Ordynsky, Kamen on the Ob and Pavlodar.
There are three bridges across the Ob River - Bugrinsky, Oktyabrsky and Dimitrovsky. These are the most picturesque sections of roads within the city.
Climatic conditions
The geographical location of Novosibirsk determines its climatic features. The city is located at a sufficient distance from the seas. Having studied the table of changes in air temperature by season, you can see that the difference between winter and summer temperatures is very large. In winter, temperatures can drop to -40 degrees Celsius, and in summer they can rise to +37.
The weather conditions in the city are also affected by the latitude and longitude of the geographical location of Novosibirsk. Thus, the city is located at 55 degrees north latitude and 83 degrees east longitude. It is this location that determines the continental climate, which is characterized by harsh and long winters. During the winter season, a large amount of snow falls in the city, and strong winds and snowstorms are common occurrences.
Summer is usually hot, but not long. In summer, Novosibirsk receives a large amount of precipitation.
As for spring and autumn, these transitional seasons are unstable. In spring, frosts may return, and in autumn there is often an early onset of cold weather.
Metropolitan
The Novosibirsk metro is the easternmost in Russia, the only one beyond the Urals and in Siberia as a whole. Consists of two intersecting lines, 13 passenger stations, covering only 6 of the 10 districts of the city.
An interesting fact is that the Novosibirsk metro system claims to be the most extreme in the world due to the fact that in some areas the temperature drops below zero degrees.
The Novosibirsk metro is the third busiest in Russia, behind Moscow and St. Petersburg. About 80 million people use it annually.
Functions and significance of the city
The geographical location of Novosibirsk on the Ob River is favorable for the operation of one of the largest hydroelectric power stations in Russia. The Novosibirsk hydroelectric power station plays a major role in ensuring the water supply of the city, the operation of river transport and the energy system of Novosibirsk.
The city is home to several large educational institutions that train specialists with higher education who are in demand in various fields.
In addition, the Trans-Siberian Railway passes through the city, which is of great importance both for the city and for the country as a whole.
Novosibirsk in facts and figures
Novosibirsk is located in the continental climate zone. The average air temperature in January is -19 °C, in July +19 °C. The lowest temperature recorded in 1915 was 51 °C below zero, the highest was +40 °C.
Novosibirsk is the largest metropolis in Siberia and one of the largest municipalities in Russia.
The city is the unofficial capital of Siberia, its influence covers an area of more than 5 million square meters. km is 30% of the territory of Russia, with a population of more than 20 million people, which is 14% of the population of Russia.
In 2000, by decree of the President of the Russian Federation, the Siberian Federal District was formed, with Novosibirsk designated as its center.
The settlement, which later became the city of Novosibirsk, was founded in 1893 on the site of the construction of a railway bridge across the Ob River.
The ancient railway bridge has now been dismantled, and its parts are displayed on the banks of the Ob River in memory of this structure. Novosibirsk is the third most populous city in Russia. The permanent population according to 2007 data is 1391.9 thousand people. In fact, about 2 million people live in Novosibirsk.
Among millionaire cities, Novosibirsk is the fastest growing. To reach the milestone of a million inhabitants, it took Moscow 700 years, Tokyo - 400, New York - 250, Chicago - 90. Novosibirsk passed this path in just 70 years.
The city covers an area of about 503.1 square meters. km. In terms of area occupied, Novosibirsk ranks third in Russia, second only to Moscow and St. Petersburg. From north to south the city stretches for 43 km. The latitudinal diameter is more than 25 km. The city has more than 1,500 streets, their total length is 1,400 km.
Novosibirsk is the largest transport hub in Siberia: the Trans-Siberian Railway, railways and highways pass through it. The administration of the West Siberian Railway is located in Novosibirsk, which ranks first in the country and in the world in terms of traffic volume.
There are 4 railway stations in the city, of which the Novosibirsk-Glavny station is the largest beyond the Urals.
Novosibirsk International Airport ranks third in terms of traffic volume after the airports of Moscow and St. Petersburg.
Novosibirsk is the first and so far the only city in Siberia to have a metro system (since 1985). Currently, two of its lines are operating, consisting of 13 stations.
The longest metro bridge in the world is located in Novosibirsk - its length together with the coastal overpasses is 2145 m. The Novosibirsk metro carries more than 300 thousand passengers per day - this is the third figure in the country after the Moscow and St. Petersburg metro.
The area of the Ob River basin on which the city stands is about 3 million square meters. km. According to this indicator, the river ranks first in Russia. The Ob is also the third most water-bearing river in Russia after the Yenisei and Lena.
Novosibirsk Academy Town is known throughout the world. It became the country's first comprehensive scientific center and served as a model for a number of organizations created in other countries.
In total, there are 47 higher educational institutions in Novosibirsk. Of these, 14 universities, 23 institutes, 10 academies. The largest university is Novosibirsk State Technical University, where more than 22 thousand students study.
Novosibirsk is home to the largest in Siberia and one of the largest libraries in the world - the State Public Scientific and Technical Library of the SB RAS, with a collection of approximately 14 million volumes.
The city ranks first after Moscow and St. Petersburg in terms of telecommunications equipment, and the residence of the vice-president of the INTEL corporation, who lives and works in Akademgorodok, is comparable to the Pentagon in terms of promising developments, the level of its technical equipment and information security system.
Novosibirsk is a large industrial center. The industrial complex is based on 194 large and medium-sized industrial enterprises. They account for 84% of all industrial production in the city and 74.1% of the regional one. The basic industries are mechanical engineering, electric power, metallurgy and food industry.
Novosibirsk ranks 4th in Russia (after Moscow, St. Petersburg and Yekaterinburg) in terms of retail turnover.
The material was prepared by the online editors of www.rian.ru based on information from open sources
Theaters
Significant places in the city of Novosibirsk cannot boast of their historical significance, since the city is relatively young. Nevertheless, Novosibirsk has a large number of places that will be interesting to see for city guests.
The visiting card is the Opera and Ballet Theater. Locals call it the “Siberian Colosseum”. The monumental and impressive building, whose construction took place from 1931 to 1941, is located in the city center. The first performance in the theater was given on May 12, 1945. The building of the Opera and Ballet Theater is depicted on the coat of arms of Novosibirsk.
Another beautiful theater in Novosibirsk is the Globus youth theater, which was opened in 1930. Outwardly, it resembles a ship. Anyone can see the original and bold productions of the theater troupe. Ticket prices start from 500 rubles. It is better to buy tickets in advance, as they sell out very quickly, especially for premiere performances.
Bus stations of Novosibirsk
In Novosibirsk, at the time of writing this article, there was one large bus station in the city center (Krasny Prospekt, 4), the main building of which was under reconstruction. Instead of the central bus station, there are small bus stations in different parts of the city, from where buses travel along a variety of suburban and intercity routes, as well as to some cities in the near abroad.
It is planned to open several bus stations on the outskirts of Novosibirsk soon, which can be reached by regular city buses and minibuses.
Monuments
There are also unusual monuments in Novosibirsk, for example, a monument to a laboratory mouse. This monument was erected to celebrate the 120th birthday of the city. The monument is located next to an institute dedicated to the study of cell structure and genetics. This place was not chosen by chance; the main idea of the monument is to express gratitude to the experimental mice, thanks to which a large number of scientific discoveries were made.
In the mouse's paws there are knitting needles with which it knits DNA molecules. Young guests of the city really like the monument to the laboratory mouse.
Temples
The main temple of the city is the Ascension Cathedral, which was built in 1913. This was the first wooden temple in the city. Today, services are held daily in the Ascension Cathedral, which every believer can attend.
One of the oldest cathedrals in Novosibirsk is the Alexander Nevsky Temple. Emperor Nicholas II provided assistance in the construction of the temple; it was he who allocated a plot of land for the construction of the temple.
Parks
You can relax after a busy walk around the city in the city’s central park. However, due to the geographical location of Novosibirsk and the long period of cold weather, this will not always be possible. But those who were lucky enough to be in Novosibirsk during the warm season were very lucky. Central Park is a wonderful place. You can escape from the bustle of the city and plunge into the world of childhood here. On the territory of the park there is a large number of summer cafes, various attractions and rental points for bicycles, rollerblades and scooters.
Local residents recommend visiting Zaeltsovsky Park. There is everything for a comfortable stay - walking paths, cafes with open verandas, attractions and various entertainment for children and adults.
Botanical Garden
You can have a good time in the largest Botanical Garden in the Asian part of Russia. The Central Siberian Botanical Garden covers an area of 1000 hectares. Due to the geographical location of Novosibirsk, on the territory of the botanical garden you can see plants that are representatives of the tropical and subtropical climatic zones. Incredibly beautiful forest, mosses, lichens, rare plants - all this will allow you to forget about business and problems for a while and give you the opportunity to enjoy unity with nature.
Despite the geographical location of Novosibirsk and its distance from Moscow by almost 3000 km, this city in Russia is a must-see.
