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(until March 9, 1934 and from July 22, 1937 to July 7, 1939 -
Nadezhdinsk
, from March 9, 1934 to July 7, 1937 -
Kabakovsk
) - a city in the north of the Sverdlovsk region of the Russian Federation, the administrative center of Serovsky district, which it is not part of. Serov is a major industrial and cultural center of the Sverdlovsk region and an important transport hub where road, rail, pipeline and air transport intersect.

The Serov urban district also includes: the villages of Larkovka, Krasnoyarka, Marsyaty, Krasnoglinny, the village of Filkino, the village of Pospelkova and others. The population of the city proper is 95,861 people. (2020), the population of the Serov urban district is 103,890 people. (2020).

City Day is officially celebrated on the second Sunday of September.

Story

According to archaeological and historical data, the first population of the territory in the Serov region was the Mansi people, who lived here for a thousand years.

In 1893, Alexander Andreevich Auerbach signed a contract with the Administration of the Siberian Railway for the supply of 5 million pounds of steel rails for a period until 1899. To fulfill this plan, by the end of 1895 it was necessary to build a new metallurgical plant with a full production cycle. This plant was built on the banks of the Kakva River and named Nadezhdinsky.

The first permanent settlement was founded on May 29, 1894 (old style) - at the time of the foundation of the steel rail plant. A copper plaque was walled into the foundation of the plant, which read:

Spaso-Preobrazhensky Cathedral in Serov, destroyed by the Bolsheviks in the 30s

In July-August 1907, detachments of the famous Ural expropriator Alexander Lbov operated in the Nadezhdinsk area, committing 16 expropriations, sabotage and acts of terror in the Verkhoturye district.

In 1917, the plant in Nadezhdinsk employed about 12,000 people.

On September 15, 1919, by decree of the Yekaterinburg Provincial Military Revolutionary Committee, the Nadezhdinsky workers' settlement was given the status of a city.

By Resolution No. 6809 of the Small Presidium of the Ural Regional Executive Committee dated January 19, 1934, the city of Nadezhdinsk was renamed the city of Kabakovsk

in honor of the First Secretary of the Sverdlovsk Regional Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) I. D. Kabakov.
In 1937, Kabakov was repressed and the city briefly returned to its former name. On June 7, 1939, by Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, Nadezhdinsk was renamed the city of Serov
, in honor of the deceased pilot, Hero of the Soviet Union Anatoly Serov.

On February 1, 1963, the Council of Workers' Deputies of the city of Serov was transferred to the subordination of the Sverdlovsk Regional Council of Workers' Deputies.

Break of the Kiselyovskoye Reservoir dam and flooding

In June 1993, the Kiselyovskoe reservoir dam on the Kakva River broke and the resulting severe flooding occurred in the city of Serov and its environs.

A lake formed by a dam on the Kakva River in the city of Serov.

Serov

(Sverdlovsk region)

OKATO code:
65492
Founded:
1894
City since:
1926 City of regional subordination
Center:
Serovsky district
The city was formerly called:

Deviation from Moscow time, hours:
2
Geographical latitude:
59°36′
Geographical longitude:
60°34′
Altitude above sea level, meters:
105 Sunrise and sunset times of the Sun and Moon in the city of Serov

Symbolism of Serov

Coat of arms 1973

The coat of arms was approved on December 24, 1973 by the decision of the executive committee of the city Council of Workers' Deputies. The authors of the coat of arms are V. N. Lemsky and A. F. Eliseev.

“The images on the coat of arms indicate the development of the following types of industry in the city: pouring ladle - metallurgical production; gear - the presence of a metalworking industry enterprise - a mechanical plant; herringbone - the presence of the Serovles production association, which harvests wood and processes it; a yellow stripe running across the spruce indicates the presence of a state district power station in the city; ears of corn at the bottom of the shield - the presence of an agricultural enterprise - the Serovsky state farm and subsidiary farms of industrial enterprises."

Modern coat of arms

The author of the coat of arms is A. Grefenstein. Approved by the Decision of the Serov City Duma No. 26 of August 31, 2004. The coat of arms was entered into the State Heraldic Register under No. 1589.

The heraldic description of the coat of arms (blazon) reads:

The red and silver color scheme of the upper part of the coat of arms indicates metallurgical production, energy and (together with the division of the shield) the fact that Serov is the administrative center of the district of the same name. An indication of metallurgical production is the shape of the “rays” around the ball (sun), reminiscent of a pouring ladle. In addition, squirrel fur is an established symbol of belonging to the Sverdlovsk region. Two stars symbolize the northern position of the city, and also remind of the old name of the Nadezhdinsky plant. Silver cedar with fruits also supports the symbolism of the north, and in addition, it represents the acquisition of fruits, strength and prosperity.”

The present coat of arms exists in two equal versions, with the same representative and legal status: full - with a crown; abbreviated - coat of arms. The original, standard and description of the Serov coat of arms are located at the head of Serov and are available to everyone for review.

Flag of Serov

It is an identification and legal sign, a symbol of local government.

The flag is: “A rectangular panel with an aspect ratio of 2:3, composed of two equal horizontal stripes: white and blue. In the center of the panel there is an image of the figures of the city coat of arms: a red circle framed by “skins”, cedar and two stars, made in white, red, yellow and blue colors. The reverse side of the panel mirrors the front.”

The original, standard and description of the Serov flag are located at the head of Serov and are available to everyone for review.

Population

As of January 1, 2022, in terms of population, the city was in 176th place out of 1,115 cities in the Russian Federation. Serov ranks fifth in the ranking of the largest cities in the region after Yekaterinburg (1,493,749), Nizhny Tagil (349,008), Kamensk-Uralsky (166,086) and Pervouralsk (120,778). In addition, Serov is the largest city in the Northern Administrative District of the Sverdlovsk Region.

The working-age population makes up 63% of the total population.

In Serov, there is a significant natural population decline - the birth rate in 2007 was 1065 people, and the death rate was 1596 people. Only labor migrants - 1,573 people - contribute to the population increase.

There are approximately 26,000 pensioners in Serov, which is approximately 26% of the total population.

Population exposed to adverse effects of chemical exposure:

• with atmospheric air - 98.9
• with drinking water - 86.7
• with food – 49.0
• with soils - 70.0

City Park

Serov Park was founded in 1956 and is located near the Kakva River. All residents of the city loved to spend their free time there: both adults and children. There was always a festive atmosphere in the park, as there were a large number of rides, swings, a volleyball field, soda fountains and small shops with various goodies.

The park was open only 6 months a year, since the rest of the time visiting it became impossible due to the cold weather. The park has stopped operating at this time, but people still come there to sunbathe, swim in the river, or just take beautiful pictures.

Location: Polina Osipenko street - 58.

Economy

Industry

Serov is the largest industrial center of the Northern Administrative District of the Sverdlovsk Region. Here are located such industrial giants as the Metallurgical Plant named after. A.K. Serova, Serov Ferroalloy Plant, Serov Mechanical Plant. The basis of Serov's industry is ferrous metallurgy and mechanical engineering. The first two plants are city-forming.

Metallurgical Plant named after. A.K. Serova is part of the UMMC holding and is the oldest enterprise in the city. It is a major supplier of steel to VAZ, GAZ, and KAMAZ. The Serov Ferroalloy Plant is another city-forming enterprise, founded in 1958. The plant is one of the largest Russian enterprises for the production of chromium ferroalloys. For more than fifty years it has been producing a wide range of ferroalloys: high-carbon ferrochrome, medium-carbon ferrochrome, low-carbon ferrochrome, ferrosilicochrome. The plant receives raw materials from many countries: the Philippines, Kazakhstan, etc. Taking into account the needs of the domestic metallurgy, the plant has mastered the production of ferrosilicon. The company also works in close cooperation with the Metallurgical Plant.

The Serov Mechanical Plant was founded in 1932 on the territory of the A.K. Serov Metallurgical Plant. This is a federal state unitary enterprise that produces a wide range of industrial tools for the mining industry, oil industry, geological exploration, military products, as well as consumer goods, represented by household and street lamps. During the Second World War, the plant produced military shells.

In addition to ferrous metallurgy and mechanical engineering, the city has well-developed logging and woodworking industries. The Serovles and Ural Forest enterprises supply their products to many countries: the UAE, Egypt, China, and the CIS. Food industry enterprises are widely represented.

The production of building materials is smaller in size, but plays an important role in the region and city. The main ones are PC "Magnit", which serves the city of Serov and the surrounding area. In addition, PC "Magnit" is engaged in the processing of slag dumps - waste from metallurgical production, thereby improving the environmental situation in the city.

The volume of shipped goods of own production, work and services performed in-house in manufacturing industries in 2011 amounted to 29.4 billion rubles.

Construction

The construction of residential buildings is underway in the city, the main developers of which are: the Serov Administration, PJSC Nadezhda Metallurgical, JSC Russian Railways, FSUE Serov Mechanical Plant. The main construction sites are located in the city center. The commissioning of housing as of January 1, 2007 amounted to 18,034 thousand m².

The largest construction projects in recent years have been the Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord, completed in 2006, and the Kiselevskoye Reservoir, the construction of which is currently ongoing. Currently, the Kiselyovskaya Hydroelectric Power Station is located on the reservoir.

Energy

Serov is the largest energy center in the Northern Urals. This is provided by the largest power plant in the north of the region - the Serov State District Power Plant (GRES). It was built in 1956-1959. The station has a non-block layout, its capacity as of 2008 is 526 MW. A small hydroelectric power station with a capacity of 0.2 MW operates on the Kiselyovskoye Reservoir. In addition, there were plans to build a combined cycle power plant. In 2011, construction began on 2 CCGT units of 420 MW each.

Agriculture

Agriculture plays a minor role in the economy of Serov, since the city is located in an area unfavorable for agriculture. The bulk of food products are imported from outside the city district.

In Serov, potatoes and carrots are mainly grown. There are several greenhouses in which summer vegetables are grown: cucumbers, tomatoes. In the summer, hay harvesting is also active. Livestock farming is represented by a small number of cattle.

Serov's agriculture suffered great damage during perestroika, when many farms closed and the city was forced to import products from outside.

The bulk of the products come from private farmsteads and small farms.

In the future, it is planned to repair the barn and purchase a herd of cows to provide the city with its milk and dairy products.

A small selection of fruits (apples, pears, plums) are grown mainly on private farms.

There are a lot of mushrooms and berries in the forests.

Fishing is insignificantly developed.

Financial sector and services

The financial sector has developed quite highly, especially in the last three years. A large number of banks and insurance companies are represented in the city. In addition, there are several companies in the city that provide accounting, legal, auditing, and consulting services.

The retail trade market has achieved great development. There are many shops, supermarkets, and shopping centers open in the city. The retail trade market in 2007 grew by 36% compared to 2006. The public catering market in 2007 grew by 29% compared to 2006. These are some of the best indicators in the region.

There is a wide range of entertainment bars and cafes. Bowling.

Review of literature on the history of the city of Serov (part 1)

Cinema Metallurg. 1940s In 2023, our city will turn 130 years old. During this time, a certain number of publications appeared devoted to various aspects of city life. However, there is still no review article on the published materials. I hope this work will fill this gap. The city of Serov (until June 7, 1939 - Nadezhdinsk) is located on the eastern slope of the Ural Mountains, on the Kakva River, eight kilometers from its confluence with the Sosva River. The emergence of the city is associated with the construction of a steel rail plant. It received its original name after the owner of the Bogoslovsky mountain district, Nadezhda Mikhailovna Polovtsova, who on July 13 (26 new style), 1893, entered into an agreement with the Administration for the Construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway for the production of rails and their delivery to their destination. This date should be considered the birthday of our city, since the document envisaged the construction of a modern industrial enterprise in the remote Ural taiga, which gave birth to a factory village. The construction of the Nadezhdinsky plant marked the beginning of the rapid economic development of the Northern Urals and its inclusion in the all-Russian market. It was under the Polovtsovs that our region, which was essentially a distant province, turned into a steadily developing economic region. For its time, the Nadezhdinsky plant was a leading modern enterprise that provided jobs to people who came here from less economically prosperous regions of the country: Vyatka, the Volga region, and Western Siberia. The level of wages for workers and employees was not inferior to the capital's prices. Naturally, it depended on the qualifications of the employee. Thus, a qualified worker at the Nadezhda plant received up to 33 rubles a month (at the Putilov plant in St. Petersburg - 31-32 rubles). Since 1899, plant workers began to be allocated land plots for individual construction. The quality of life, as now, depended on the level of qualifications, and the percentage of skilled workers at the enterprise was quite high (about 40%). This was explained by the fact that workers who already had professional skills came to the plant. In the 1920-1930s, our city grew into a large administrative and industrial center of the Northern Urals. Its city-forming enterprise, a metallurgical plant, switched to the production of high-quality and high-quality steels, mainly for the automotive industry, in the early 1930s. In 1933, the largest calibration shop in the Soviet Union came into operation, which allowed Serov metallurgists to significantly increase the production of high-quality rolled products. On the eve of the war, a number of new industries operated in the city: plant No. 76 of the People's Commissariat of Ammunition (now the Serov Mechanical Plant), a woodworking plant, and a repair plant. The transport importance of the city has grown; the Nadezhda branch of the railway has completely switched to broad gauge. In January 1939, the population of Nadezhdinsk was 64,900 people. By decision of the leadership of the RSFSR, Nadezhdinsk was classified as a city of regional subordination. During the Great Patriotic War, the Serovites made a significant contribution to the victory over fascism. The metallurgical plant has become one of the country's leading enterprises for the production of high-quality steel. In conventional open-hearth furnaces, the plant’s specialists established the smelting of complex alloy steels; for the first time in the country, they mastered the production of ferrochrome in blast furnaces and ball-bearing steel in main open-hearth furnaces. During the war years, the plant produced more than 125 grades of steel. From the first days of the war, Plant No. 76 began to implement the mobilization plan. It produced artillery shells for various purposes and types: high-explosive, fragmentation, smoke, as well as parts for rockets (Katyushas) and aircraft cylinders. Residents of the city and region provided enormous assistance to the front. They collected a lot of money for the Defense Fund. The Serovites also proved themselves on the battlefields of the Great Patriotic War. Our fellow countrymen fought on all fronts as part of many famous formations, including those formed in the Urals - the 10th Ural-Lvov Guards Volunteer Tank Corps, the 3rd, 363rd and 375th Rifle Divisions. The homeland highly appreciated their feat, 16 residents of the city and region were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, three became full holders of the Order of Glory. Many front-line soldiers were awarded orders and medals for their courage and heroism.

St. Lenin. 2nd half 1950s In the post-war years, Serov continued to increase his potential. A state district power station, a ferroalloy plant, and a reinforced concrete plant came into operation. The Serov Ferroalloy Plant is the largest plant of its kind in the region. Its products were supplied to the Ural ferrous metallurgy plants and were in great demand abroad. To this day, the Serovskaya State District Power Plant, located on the banks of the Sosva River, serves as the power supply base for the entire Northern Industrial Hub. In July 1954, the first unit of the state district power plant produced industrial current, and six years later the construction of the entire station with a capacity of 600 thousand kilowatts was completed. In the 1960-1980s, the Serov branch of the railway was the leading railway junction of the Northern Urals, through which many millions of tons of cargo passed - coal, ore, timber, metal. Four railway lines converged here: Serov - Sergino (northern line), Serov - Goroblagodatskaya (southern line), northwestern Bogoslovskaya line with two branches to the cities of Karpinsk and Severouralsk, southeastern line to Sosva station. Serov Airport carried passengers throughout the region, and also served forest guard units, sanitary and geological services. According to the 1959 census, 97.9 thousand people lived in the city. Serov occupied not the least place in the cultural life of the region. In our city there functioned a general technical faculty of the Ural Polytechnic Institute, a metallurgical technical school, five State Pedagogical Technical Institutions, a medical, pedagogical and trade and culinary school. The only state drama theater named after A.P. Chekhov in the Northern Urals operated in the Palace of Culture of Metallurgists. There were three Houses of Culture, six clubs, a local history museum, 18 libraries, five modern cinemas, and four stadiums at the service of the population. In 1970, the wonderful Sports House came into operation. City Hospital No. 1 served residents of Ivdelsky, Verkhotursky, Garinsky and other districts. In 1975, there were 104.1 thousand inhabitants in Serov, and 36.9 thousand in the region. In the 1980s, the city continued to actively develop. New residential areas appeared on his map, built up with five to nine-story buildings with kindergartens and schools. It was during this period that the city acquired its modern appearance. The historiography of the city of Serov, due to its relative youth, is not very extensive. Until the 1930s, it was mainly represented by memoirs, magazine and newspaper articles. The first work in this series was the publication of the chief manager of the Bogoslovsky mining district, A.A. Auerbach, “On the construction of the Nadezhdinsky plant in the Bogoslovsky district,” published in the journal “Izvestia of Mining Engineers” No. 4 for 1897. In it, the author talks in detail about the choice of location for the future enterprise, its construction, technological features and production development plans, only briefly mentioning the construction of the village. The essay about the Nadezhda plant by the famous Russian scientist S.P. Vukolov, published by him in 1900 following a visit to the Bogoslovsky mining district in the book “The Ural Iron Industry in 1899,” is of a similar nature. The first work of local history, in the full sense of the word, can be considered the chronicle of the Transfiguration Cathedral, compiled by the priest African Bogomolov, who lived in our city from 1903 to 1919. The manuscript contains information about the surrounding nature, life and activities of the village residents. The notes of Father African are valuable because their author was a direct eyewitness and participant in many events that took place at that time in Nadezhdinsk.

St. Rose Luxemburg. 1960s In the 1920s, a number of publications devoted to revolutionary topics were published. Among them, we note the articles by A.A. Tyagunov “Essay on the work of the Nadezhda organization” and P.V. Murashev “Page of the revolutionary movement in the Urals”, dedicated to the formation of the Social Democratic movement in the village. In 1926, in connection with the 20th anniversary of the first Russian revolution, Murashev published the book “Nadezhdinsk” (1905 at the Nadezhdinsk plant), in which the author, trying to give an objective picture of the events that took place in Nadezhdinsk, expresses doubts about the influence of local Bolsheviks on factory workers, categorically denying the very fact of political struggle. First of all, according to Murashev, the driving force behind the workers’ protests was not political parties or slogans, but economic interests aimed at improving their financial situation. To confirm that he was right, Pyotr Vasilyevich referred to the program of the Nadezhda Council. Despite the author's affiliation with Menshevism, the book went through several editions. However, in the 1930s, this point of view began to contradict the official views on the events of 1905. In this regard, Murashov’s book was forgotten for many years. In 1932, the first attempt was made to write a book on the history of the city. At this time, on the initiative of the writer A.M. Gorky, approved by the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, a lot of work began in the USSR on writing the history of factories and factories. Over six years (1931-1937), more than 20 books were published on the history of the country's largest enterprises. In January 1932, in Nadezhdinsk, under the newspaper “Proletary”, a local commission was organized to create the “History of the Nadezhdinsky Plant”. To prepare for the publication of the book, the famous Ural journalist A.G. Popov (literary pseudonym “Little”) was invited from Sverdlovsk. Most of the collected material, covering the period from 1893 to 1919, under the title “History of the Nadezhdinsky Plant” was published in the magazine “Sturm”. As for the book, it never got to the point of publication, since it paid a lot of attention to people who in the early 1930s found themselves in opposition to the general line of the party. In addition, it cited a large number of speeches, articles and documents of White Guards and bourgeois figures. Only a small part of the material was published in 1934 by the Sverdlovsk State Publishing House in the form of a brochure “1905” (from the history of the Nadezhda plant). Little focused the readers' attention precisely on the issues of political confrontation between workers and the factory administration, showing the Bolsheviks as the only force capable at that time of solving all the pressing problems of the village and its inhabitants. Unlike Murashev, Alexey Georgievich was not one of the eyewitnesses of those events, so his book was based on the memories of Nadezhdinsky workers, who interpreted the past rather subjectively. For the sake of fairness, we note that not all texts prepared for the book were used by the author. For example, the memoirs of Mikhail Titov (former priest of the Transfiguration Cathedral) and Mikhail Yardyakov (worker of the long rolling shop) were not included in the book. These materials mainly reflected the everyday life of the village, painted a picture of the surrounding world through the eyes of a layman, and not a revolutionary, for which they were unclaimed. A. Malenky was going to continue working on “The History of the Nadezhda Plant,” but in 1937 he was illegally arrested and sentenced to 10 years in prison. The years of the first five-year plans aroused the interest of the creative intelligentsia in production issues. The Nadezhdinsky (in 1934-1937 - Kabakovsky) metallurgical plant, as a result of reconstruction, switched to the production of new products. The difficulties of the transition period and the Stakhanovite heroes who brought the enterprise to new frontiers are described in K.K. Steshenko’s book “Kabakovsky Rollers,” published in 1936 in Sverdlovsk by the Ural House of Technology. The book describes in detail the technological process of producing high-quality steels. It included seven chapters: “From rails to high-quality rolled products”, “The fight for the shoe”, “Workshops are being rebuilt”, “The third redistribution”, “Working in a new way, leading in a new way”, “Universal calibration”, “Stakhanovsky style of work at the factory." The transition to the production of high-quality steel was not easy for the plant. The lack of experience and the required number of trained people affected all workshops. However, it cannot be said that the book is of a purely technical nature. Successfully drawn images of engineers, technicians and workers come to life on its pages, which makes the book interesting not only for metallurgical specialists, but also for ordinary readers. Everyone can find something of their own in it. In 1946, for successful work during the Great Patriotic War and in connection with its 50th anniversary, the metallurgical plant was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor. The labor feat of metallurgists, the smelting of new grades of steel and the work of the enterprise in the post-war period are described in Z. A. Yantovsky’s book “On the 60th Parallel”, in which our city is presented as the “North Pole” of Soviet ferrous metallurgy. It talks about the work of the plant during the war and the first post-war years. A lot of material is devoted to the famous workers of the plant: blast furnace workers D.P. Mukharkin, K.N. Kalinin, steelmakers L. Chekletsov, I.A. Betekhtin, I.L. Ponomarev, furnaces G. Fukalov, I.V. Pavlov, Ya. Sagdeev, innovator Ivan Vasilyevich Kostin, plant director Mark Kharitonovich Lukashenko. The chapter “An Ordinary Day” describes in detail the working days of the plant, paying much attention to the craftsmen Ivan Gavrilovich Meleshchenko, Dorofey Yakovlevich Kokorin, Nikita Kapitonovich Sokolov, engineers Vasily Mikhailovich Morozov, Ivan Grigorievich Arzamastsev, Vladimir Pavlovich Filatov, I.F. Granovsky and L.P. .Baklanovsky. The chapter “This Will Never Be Forgotten” talks about the selfless work of factory workers during the war years, about the smelting of new grades of steel, the production of ferrochrome, about the arrival of the People's Commissar of Ferrous Metallurgy Ivan Fedorovich (Hovhannes Tevadrosovich) Tevosyan, about the socialist competition with the Chusovsky Metallurgical Plant. Yantovsky’s work is devoted to industrial issues, which was the main task of the author; the actual history of the city is not presented in it. The book was published in 1949 by the Sverdlovsk book publishing house. It is worthwhile to dwell on the history of the creation of the book “The Northernmost” by the author B.S. Ryabinin. In August 1944, the 50th anniversary of the founding of the city was celebrated. On June 13, at the plenum of the city committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, a decision was made to publish for the anniversary a collection of memoirs of old workers from the moment the city and the plant appeared. Wartime difficulties did not allow the idea to be realized. In 1947, the plant management returned to the idea of ​​a book. An agreement in the amount of 50 thousand rubles was concluded with the famous Ural writer B.S. Ryabinin. It took Boris Stepanovich two years to prepare the book for publication. In 1950, it was published by the Sverdlovsk Regional State Publishing House. The scientific consultant was the candidate of historical sciences Ya.S. Yuferev. In the final version, Ryabinin’s work was called “The Northernmost” (essays on the history of the A.K. Serov metallurgical plant). The book included 16 chapters: “Nadezhda Rails”, “Indignation”, “Years of Testing”, “Let’s Renounce the Old World”, “White”, “Pilot Anatoly Serov”, “Ferrochrome”, “On the Ditch”, “ For the glory of the Motherland”, “In the fifth craft”, “Coal burners”, “Workshop number one”, “Palace of Culture”, “Today and tomorrow”. For the first time, the author considered the history of the city and the plant as a single whole. The book contains chapters telling about the pilot Anatoly Serov, cultural life, and plans for the development of the city. At the same time, the book also includes legends that have nothing to do with the history of the city, such as Nadezhda Polovtsova’s visit to Nadezhdinsk, the illegal arrival of Yakov Sverdlov, the stay in the village of the commander of the 16th Ishim Infantry Regiment, Captain Kazagrandi, the preparation by “enemies of the people” of sabotage at the metallurgical plant. factory in order to destroy production. The first five chapters were written on the basis of materials collected by A. Malenky, which subsequently negatively affected the fate of Ryabinin and his book. Firstly, the author was accused of plagiarism, and secondly, he was not allowed to use the works of A. Malenky, who was declared an “enemy of the people” and arrested in 1937. Literally a few months after the publication of the book, the circulation was withdrawn from libraries. Currently, this book is a bibliographic rarity. On the eve of the celebration of the 40th anniversary of Soviet power in 1957, the Sverdlovsk book publishing house published a book of memoirs by deputy of the Second State Duma V.A. Chashchin “In Harsh Years.” Its first chapters are dedicated to Nadezhdinsk. The author tells in a narrative form about his work at the steel rail plant, about the morals and life of the Nadezhdin residents, and introduces the reader in detail to the origins of the Social Democratic organization and the first revolutionaries. Chashchin devotes a lot of space in the book to the events of 1905, describing in detail the struggle of the Nadezhdin workers against the factory administration. Opposing Murashev, Vasily Andreevich argued that she had a pronounced political character, and at the head of the masses were the Bolsheviks - the leaders of the Nadezhdinsky Council, who by this time had separated from the Mensheviks and Socialist Revolutionaries. As a result of the firm position of the Bolsheviks, Chaschin continues, it was possible to achieve significant concessions from the factory administration.

Cinema "Rodina.
Autumn 1962. Raisa Isaakovna Valek (Ronina), author of the book “Life in Struggle,” published in 1963, fully agrees with Chashchin’s conclusions. Several chapters of the book are devoted to the Nadezhdin period of her life. They talk about the activities of the local Social Democratic organization during the period of the first Russian revolution. The author talks in detail about the forms and methods of struggle, the goals and objectives of the organization. Paying tribute to the books of Chashchin and Valek, for our part, we note that while remaining ardent Bolshevik revolutionaries, they interpreted what was happening from the point of view of the dominant ideology, promoting the leading and guiding role of the Communist Party in the development of society. Despite the ideological costs, the books of Chashchin and Valek still occupy a prominent place in the historiography of Nadezhdinsk-Serov. In 1958, the Sverdlovsk Book Publishing House published the book “Serov” by A.M. Moshkin in the series “Cities of the Sverdlovsk Region”. The book's reviewers were the head of the economic research department of the Ural branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences N.M. Kokosov (first secretary of the city committee of the CPSU (b) in 1941-1944) and the department's researcher V.I. Nikulin. The work is written in a popular science form, which greatly distinguishes it from its predecessors. The author introduces readers to the geographical and natural conditions, history, current state of the economy and culture, and prospects for the development of the city. The pre-revolutionary period occupies several pages and rather resembles a brief summary of the main events in the history of the city. The main part of the book is devoted to the achievements of the era of socialism and the changes that occurred in the lives of citizens. Showing the city’s place in the history of the country, Alexander Mikhailovich wrote: “A city of glorious revolutionary traditions, Serov made a major contribution to the struggle for building socialism. Together with the whole country, the workers of Serov fought for the overthrow of capitalism, the establishment of the dictatorship of the proletariat and the construction of a socialist society. During the harsh years of the Great Patriotic War, the working people of Serov made a valuable contribution to strengthening the defense power of our Motherland. In the post-war period, the working people of Serov worked selflessly, participating in the common struggle of the Soviet people for a new powerful rise in socialist industry, for accelerating the movement of our country towards communism.” Continuing the production theme, it is worth paying attention to the book by D.P. Mukharkin “Life by the Fire”, published in 1969 by the Central Ural Book Publishing House. The author of the book is a distinguished metallurgist, Honorary Citizen of the city, deputy of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th convocations, member of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR in 1955-1959, holder of the Order of Lenin and three Orders of the Red Banner of Labor. The book pays a lot of attention to the work of the metallurgical plant in the 1920-1950s; separate chapters are devoted to the Stakhanov movement, modernization of production, socialist competition, both within the plant and between metallurgical enterprises of the country. The narrative is enlivened by interesting sketches from the life and everyday life of townspeople during the NEP period. Using the example of his life, Mukharkin shows what heights an ordinary Soviet person can achieve in the country of victorious socialism. In 1972, the Central Ural Book Publishing House published the book “The City of Serov” by Serov local historian L.I. Dzyubinsky and Sverdlovsk journalist A.R. Pudval. The book was reviewed by A.G. Kozlov, candidate of historical sciences. The material presented in the work covers the period from 1893 to the early 1970s. It talks in detail about the founding of the city, the revolutionary movement, the events of 1917, and the steel rail plant during the years of industrialization and the Great Patriotic War. The main part of the book is devoted to the development of the city's economy, especially in the post-war period, as well as the construction of new enterprises. The authors did not forget the workers in culture, education, health care, and the social sphere. When writing this work, a wide range of sources were used that had not previously been used by researchers. In particular, Dzyubinsky managed to discover Auerbach’s report “On the construction of the Nadezhdinsky plant in the Bogoslovsky District,” which sheds light on the question of the founding date of the city. Based on the text of the document, Dzyubinsky considers the founding date of Nadezhdinsk-Serov to be September 1893, when Auerbach finally chose the site for the construction of the plant. In 1981, the book with minor additions was republished by L.I. Dzyubinsky under the title “Serov”, which was published in the series “Cities of Our Region” in the Middle Ural Book Publishing House. The first two editions were practically the same in content. Continuing to study the history of the city, in 1999 Lev Iosifovich completed work on the book “Three Names of the City,” published by the Central Ural Book Publishing House. It is built on the principle of biographical sketches about people whose names our city bore - Nadezhda Mikhailovna Polovtsova, Ivan Dmitrievich Kabakov and Anatoly Konstantinovich Serov. Speaking about the date of birth of N.M. Polovtsova, Lev Iosifovich was based on the memories of her grandson, Pyotr Aleksandrovich Obolensky, who, due to his age, incorrectly cited the years of his grandmother’s life in his memories. According to Obolensky, Polovtsova was born in 1842. For a long time this date was not questioned and only in 2007, thanks to Serov local historian Andrei Vitalievich Grebenkin, it was possible to establish the truth. Having visited the burial site of Polovtsova in Ivangorod (Leningrad region), Grebenkin discovered a marble tombstone with the dates of Nadezhda Mikhailovna’s life: December 10, 1843 – July 9, 1908. In 2002, the book “Three Names of the City” was included in the collection “Who is in Your Name,” published by the Yekaterinburg publishing house "Socrates". In the appendix to the book, the memoirs of Boris Konstantinovich Lukanin, a native of Nadezhdinsk, “Rivers of Childhood,” were published for the first time. They talked about the nature of the region, the life and everyday life of the workers of the Nadezhda plant in 1918-1923. Recognizing the talent of Lev Iosifovich Dzyubinsky and his undoubted merits in the field of local history, it should be noted that the author’s works were nevertheless written in line with the official Soviet ideology, when the Communist Party was the creator of history, and the Soviet period, in comparison with the pre-revolutionary period, was considered as a forward movement forward to a bright future. Lev Iosifovich Dzyubinsky made a huge contribution to the study of the history of our city. He authored the books “Light over the Taiga”, co-authored with Z.M. Dzyubinskaya (2001), “A.A. Auerbach. Outstanding mining engineer of Russia" (2004), "Hero of the Soviet Union B.P. Kirpikov" (2005), "Hero of the Soviet Union A.N. Konyaev" (2005), "Creators of hot metal" (2006). In 2008, through the efforts of Andrei Grebenkin, a new book “Nadezhda Mikhailovna Polovtsova” was published, dedicated to the 165th anniversary of the birth of the owner of the Bogoslovsky mountain district. The book includes materials about the Polovtsov family and the history of the city of Nadezhdinsk. “The main goal,” wrote the author-compiler, “is to combine in one publication all the materials found about the Polovtsov family, articles and studies devoted to this family.” The book contains a large number of rare photographs. It contains detailed information not only about Nadezhda Mikhailovna herself and her closest relatives, but also about the fate of her descendants. The introductory word to the book was written by Polovtsova’s great-grandson, Protopresbyter Boris Bobrinsky, Doctor of Theology, Emeritus Dean of the St. Sergius Orthodox Theological Institute in Paris. The book was published by the Serov printing house "Sever". As soon as it saw the light of day, it became a bibliographic rarity. Work on studying the history of the city continues to this day. In this regard, it is necessary to mention the books of the Serov historian Igor Alekseevich Fomichev, published in recent years. In 2006, the author’s first book “Nadezhdinsk - Serov. Essays on the history of education,” which examines in detail the history of the formation of public education in our city. In 2011, I.A. Fomichev, in collaboration with historians A.G. Borisov and Yu.V. Gunger, published the book “Museums of the Northern Urals in the first half of the 20th century,” where the authors give a broad picture of the history of the development of museums in the Northern Urals, consider questions of the professional activities of the first museums in the region: the Fedorov Geological Museum, the Nadezhda Local History Museum and the Verkhoturye Local History Museum, captivatingly tell about enthusiasts and devotees who left a noticeable mark on museology and the study of their native land. The chronological scope of the study covers the period from 1894 to the 1960s. A special place in the author’s work belongs to the book “Political repressions in Nadezhdinsk. 1918-1952,” which was published in 2012. It tells about cases falsified by the city department of the OGPU-NKVD-MGB for political reasons; Nadezhdinsk residents who became victims of terror unleashed by the authorities; as well as about the methods of work of investigative bodies and the most significant political processes affecting our city. Here is a complete list of city residents who became victims of political repression during the years of Soviet power. In 2013, the book “The City of Nadezhdinsk. 1893-1940." It covers issues of socio-economic, socio-political and cultural development of Nadezhdinsk-Serov in the first 50 years of the city’s existence. The monograph was written on the basis of archival material, most of which was introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, which allowed I.A. Fomichev to more fully and objectively show the life of the city during the most difficult periods of Russian history, such as the years of the revolution and the Civil War, political repressions. In contrast to established traditions, the book sheds new light on the issue of the founding date of the city. A separate part of the book is devoted to the history of Orthodox parishes in Nadezhdinsk. The monograph describes in detail the activities of local governments; for the first time, information about Nadezhdinsk residents who died on the fronts of the First World War, the Civil War and the Soviet-Finnish War is published. In addition to the main text, the book contains a large selection of memoirs of Nadezhdinsk residents, allowing one to see the events that took place through the eyes of eyewitnesses. In the second edition of the book (2016), the bibliography section was replenished, the names of residents of the Kola Uralskaya, Uglezhzhenie, Urai stations, the villages of Chernoyarka and Nizhnyaya Pristan, currently included in the city limits, were added to the list of victims of political repression. Igor Alekseevich’s next book was “Nadezhdinsk during the Revolution and Civil War. 1917-1922", published in 2014. The author covers in detail the issues of socio-economic, socio-political and cultural development of the city of Nadezhdinsk during this period. The monograph describes the activities of local government bodies: the Committee of Public Safety, the Volost Zemstvo Assembly, the District and City Council, as well as the Nadezhdinsk armed formations of the Red and White Armies, and publishes information about our fellow countrymen who died on the fronts of the Civil War and suffered during the Red and White Armies. white terror. In addition to the main text, the book contains a large selection of documents and materials from the period of the Revolution and the Civil War. Review of literature on the history of the city of Serov (part 2) Fomichev Igor Alekseevich,

Senior Researcher,

head of the historical department

Verkhoturye State

historical and architectural museum-reserve

Transport

Automotive

The roads go in the direction of Yekaterinburg, Sosva, Krasnoturinsk, Andrianovichi. Serov is the end point of the Serovsky tract. Construction of the Serov-Ivdel road is underway, which is part of the large-scale project Perm-Serov-Khanty-Mansiysk, financed from the federal budget.

Federal highways:

• P352

Railway

There are 4 railway lines diverging from the city:

• To Sosva - Alapaevsk - Artyomovsky - Ekaterinburg
• On Verkhoturye - Nizhny Tagil - Ekaterinburg
• To Krasnoturinsk - Volchansk - Severouralsk
• On Andrianovichi - Maslovo - Ivdel

The branded train No. 83/84 “Northern Urals” runs between Serov and Moscow. Travel time is about 33 hours.

Serov-Zavodskoy station, Serov-Sortirovochny

Other

The Novy Urengoy – Nizhny Tagil gas pipeline runs near the city.

Serov Airport, closed in 2012, is located 7 km north of the city.

Architecture and development plan

Serov has a rectangular layout and is built more compactly than most cities in the Sverdlovsk region. The city center is located on a hill, below which the Kakwa River flows. The main institutions of municipal government are located in the city center: administration, education department, culture department, etc.

The city center is also where most of the shops and leisure facilities are located. Serov's main thoroughfare, Lenin Street, runs through the city center. This is the longest street: it starts on the western outskirts of the city, in the Metallurgists microdistrict, and ends at the Palace of Culture of Railway Workers (DKZh)

, which is in the Sortirovka microdistrict. The length of the street is about 7 km.

In the very center of the city, in the square of Lenin - Zaslavsky - Lunacharsky - Zelenaya streets, the main square of the city is located - Preobrazhenskaya.

In the northern part of the city, near the Serov Ferroalloy Plant, there is the 1st crossing district, as well as the villages of Sovetsky and Samsky, areas of estate development.

To the west of the city center there is an area of ​​estate development - New Village. Only private houses are located here.

It is also planned to build an ice palace in Serov near the Vostochny microdistrict; it will be one of the large ice palaces in the Sverdlovsk region, however, due to financial difficulties, construction has been postponed indefinitely.

Serov on the map of Russia: geography, nature and climate

Serovsky urban district is located in the north of the Sverdlovsk region. Its area is 6690 sq. km. In the south, the territory borders with the Sosvinsky and Novolyalinsky urban districts, in the west - with the Krasnoturinsky, Severouralsky, Volchansky GO, in the north - with the Ivdelsky GO, in the east - with the Garinsky GO. The administrative center of the Serov GO is the city of Serov. It is located in the east of the Ural Mountains , 338 km. from Yekaterinburg and 2050 km. from Moscow.

Taiga forests cover 80% of the Serov urban district. Most of the forests are occupied by coniferous species - pine, cedar, fir, spruce, larch. Teterinsky, Podgarnichny, Krasnoyarsk and other cedar forests are classified as natural monuments.

Serov is located in the valley of the Kakva River , which flows into the main water artery of the Serov GO - Sosva , which is also fed by Langur, Krasnoyarka, Volchanka, Turya .

The climate in Serov is sharply continental. The average temperature for the year is 0.8°C. The average annual number of days with precipitation is 93, with a temperature above +32°C - 1, below 0°C - 210. The absolute maximum temperature in a year is 35.8°C, the minimum is 44°C below zero.

Social sphere

Medicine

To serve the population of the city of Serov, a powerful range of medical services in various areas has been created. Basic medical services are provided by: City Hospital No. 1, City Children's Hospital, Serov Station Hospital, City Psychiatric Hospital.

Polyclinic services are provided by: Polyclinic No. 1, Polyclinic of OJSC "SFZ", Children's clinic. In addition to hospitals and clinics, the city has several dispensaries, a antenatal clinic, several dentists and an Eye Microsurgery Center.

The plans include the construction of a new clinic in the Hospital Town, since the existing clinic No. 1 does not meet the needs of the city.

Education

The educational system of the Serov urban district is represented by all levels of education: from preschool to higher professional. As of January 1, 2009, there are 83 educational institutions of different organizational and legal forms, various types and types operating in the urban district, among which municipal educational institutions dominate. The educational system complex of the Serov urban district as of January 1, 2008 is represented by 64 municipal educational institutions of various types and types: 36 preschool institutions (3,468 children attend these institutions). Among these institutions, 35 municipal preschool institutions and 1 kindergarten are a structural unit of the Northern Pedagogical College. Construction of several kindergartens is underway. Extensions to kindergartens No. 34, 41 and 42 were completed in 2008. There are 22 secondary schools with approximately 8,000 students. (1 - school of primary general education, 6 schools of basic general education, 15 schools of secondary (complete) general education, including 2 schools with in-depth study of subjects and 3 schools with specialized training), general education boarding school No. 5, boarding school basic general education, 7 institutions of additional education (MAI DO "Children's Art School", Center for Children's Creativity, Children's and Youth Sports School, Interschool Training Center, recreational and educational and "Vesely Bor", art and music schools). There are also 2 boarding schools in the city, an orphanage-school and a cadet boarding school, and an interschool training center. Since 2006, the municipal educational institution “Information and Methodological Educational Center” has been operating in the city, the founder of which is the sectoral body of the administration of the Serov urban district, the Education Department.

12 secondary specialized institutions in the city of Serov educate approximately 3,700 people. These are the Serov Polytechnic College, the Serov Metallurgical College, the Serov Medical School, the Ural State Forestry College, the Railway School No. 62, the Vocational School No. 54, the Vocational School No. 55, the Vocational School No. 128, the Northern Pedagogical College and some others.

The number of universities in the city has been increasing recently. About 3,300 people study there. Universities:

• Ural State Technical University (USTU-UPI)
• Ural Humanitarian Institute (URGI)
• Ural State Pedagogical University (USPU)

Climate

Serov is characterized by a sharply continental climate. The duration of winter is approximately 5.5 or 6 months (during the presence of snow cover). Until the beginning of June, the weather can be cold and snow can sometimes fall.

Culture and sports

The Serov Municipal Drama Theater named after A.P. operates in the city. Chekhov, Serov Historical Museum, Center for Aesthetic Education of Children "Gaidarites", as well as many clubs and sections.

Many songs have been written in honor of the city of Serov, the most famous:

• Raising the temple to the sky with the whole world; (words by A. Gaintsev, T. Kozhevnikov, music by A. Gaintsev)
• City of masters; (words by A. Gaintsev, T. Kozhevnikov, music by A. Gaintsev)
• My city; (words by M. Nezluchenko, V. Uzun, music by V. Uzun)
• Your city; (author of text, music and performance Tatyana Rubleva)
• Serov remains; (words by S. Zmeev and A. Vostretsov, music by Y. Shevchuk “DDT” performed by V. Dektyannikov)

The “Ballad of the Twenty-Seven Executed in Nadezhdinsk” by the French poet Louis Aragon is dedicated to the tragic event that occurred in Serov (at that time Nadezhdinsk) on November 20, 1918 (the shooting by the White Guards of a group of Soviet workers).

Serov had its own hockey team, playing in the Major League of the East Division - "Metallurg" and playing in the Russian Championship in the major league until 2009. But due to financial problems, HC was unable to raise the minimum budget for participation in the tournament of 50 million rubles. Currently the team is disbanded, only the youth team is involved.

Religion

Orthodoxy

The Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord
Serov is the center of the Serov diocese of the Russian Orthodox Church.

Before the revolution, Serov (then Nadezhdinsk) was one of the centers of Orthodoxy in the Urals. The main temple of the city was the Transfiguration Cathedral, one of the most beautiful in the Urals. Around the cathedral there were priestly burials - this was one of the first cemeteries of the then Nadezhdinsk. And the very first cemetery was located near the metallurgical plant. At the cemetery there was a chapel in which funeral services were held for the deceased. But during the Bolshevik regime, this cemetery was destroyed and the chapel was destroyed. They did the same with Serov’s second cemetery: the graves were destroyed, the chapel was destroyed, and a residential area, Sovetsky, was built on the burial site.

In 1932, the last cathedral in Serov, the Transfiguration Cathedral, was destroyed. It was blown up on the orders of the Soviet government, which pursued a policy of eradicating religion. Along with the cathedral, the burials located on the cathedral territory also disappeared into oblivion. The foundation and destroyed fragments of the walls can still be found in one of Serov’s courtyards on Metallurgists Square, 1.

Until 2007, Serov residents could turn to religion only in the small Church of the Prophet Elijah and the chapel near the metallurgical plant. Only on February 9, 2007 in Serov the Temple in the name of the Transfiguration of the Lord was solemnly consecrated and opened. Now it is one of the most important churches in the Northern Urals. For religious holidays, many people from neighboring cities gather here. Orthodox shrines from all over the world are often brought to the temple (from Montenegro, Greece, Serbia).

Islam

Project of an Islamic mosque at the Nadezhdinsky plant, late 19th - early 20th centuries.
The history of Islam in Serov goes back many decades. Even during the construction of the Nadezhda steel rail plant, many Muslims settled here. Until the 30s of the 20th century, there were 2 mosques in Serov, the largest in the Northern Urals. But during times of religious persecution they were destroyed, like most Orthodox churches. Currently, about 10 thousand Muslims live in Serov. There is currently only one house of worship for their needs. Of course, it cannot satisfy all the needs of the city. In the early 90s, construction of a mosque began in Serov. But due to perestroika and difficult times in the country's history, construction was frozen. Only in 2001 did its active construction begin. The city held 2 marathons to raise funds for the construction of a mosque. Currently, construction is in its final stages. The future mosque will be a cathedral and the main one for the entire north of the Sverdlovsk region. Its area is 322 m². It will accommodate about 120 people. The opening of the mosque is scheduled for 2011.

Judaism

The first Jews appeared on the territory of modern Serov during the construction of a metallurgical plant. The largest influx of Jews occurred in the 30s of the 20th century, when many people came to reconstruct the Nadezhdinsky plant.

Connection

Telephony

There are 7 main companies providing fixed telephone services in the city:

• LLC "Motiv"
• LLC "UMMC-Telecom" (since 2011)
• Rostelecom LLC
• Tele2 LLC
• PJSC "MTS (company)"
• PJSC MegaFon
• PJSC "Beeline"

In total, as of 2006, about 12 thousand landline telephones were installed in the city. The numbers consist of 5 digits. The international telephone city code is (34385). Until 2007, the area code was (34315).

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2021
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Mass media

A television

Television came to Serov in October 1964. The broadcasts were broadcast using a repeater, the operation of which was ensured by several technical workers. In 1991, the cable television studio “Kanal-5” opened under the executive committee of the Council of People’s Deputies, and already in 1992 the first city television “Kanal-S” (in the future CJSC “STRS”) appeared. Until 2008, there were 2 television stations and STRIZH operating in the city. In connection with the crisis, the founder of the STRIZH TV channel, OJSC Metallurgical Plant named after. A.K. Serova" closed its "Active". Currently there are 3 television companies operating in Serov:

• "Canal-S". The channel broadcasts information programs.
• Komline LLC. Cable TV + separate city channel “Serov Information Channel” (currently broadcasting has been stopped, the staff has been disbanded).
• LLC "Mediagorod-plus" Information program "City Day".

Newspapers and magazines

There are several magazines and newspapers in the city:

• globe
• Work and rest (discontinued publication)
• Take your pick! Serov (free newspaper)
• Moskovsky Komsomolets-Ural
• Novaya Gazeta plus Serov-TV
• Serov worker
• Steel
• Labor shift
• First in Serov (magazine)
• Autocourier (free newspaper for car enthusiasts)
• Day off from Alliance Media, Week. Northern region (free newspapers, publications discontinued)

In addition to the above publications, most federal publications are distributed in the city.

Water tower

A monument to Serov’s industrial architecture is the water tower, which belongs to the metallurgical plant and is located near the blast furnace shop. The tower was erected back in 1897 according to the design of the architect Pyasetsky. Nineteen meters is the diameter of the tower, and two meters is the width of its walls. For a long period of time, this water tower was considered Serov’s tallest structure and acted as the “face” of not only the metallurgical complex, but the entire city.

In the future, it is planned to open a museum in the tower telling about the history of the plant, and the main exhibit will be a piece of nineteenth-century rail.

Location: Chernyakhovsky street.

Photo gallery

• Central square of the city of Serov
• Serov basin
• Cinema "Rodina"
• Metallurg Stadium
• SZF plant management
• Old dam on the Serov Reservoir
• Serovskoye Reservoir
• Memorial sign at the entrance to Serov
• St. Kirov
• Memorial to fallen soldiers
• Preobrazhenskaya Square
• Fountain and temple
• Fountain on the square

Serov on Wikimedia Commons