Administrative-territorial division of the Tver region

Tver region

coat of arms of the Tver region folk project Great Source
The territory of the region as a whole is characterized by flat terrain, where elevated hilly areas of moraine plains and ridges are combined with extensive undulating water-glacial or flat lacustrine-glacial and alluvial lowlands. In most cases, the surface height in the area does not exceed 200 meters in absolute height. The western part of the region is occupied by the Valdai Upland with heights of 200-300 m or more. The Valdai Upland is adjoined in the south by moraine plains (Belsk Upland). In the southwest is the Western Dvina Lowland with alternating small hilly ridges and outwash plains. The eastern part of the Tver region has a flatter terrain. The Upper Volga Lowland is located in the southeast.

The Tver region is located in the Upper Volga basin and on the watershed of the Baltic and Caspian seas.

The Tver region is rich in natural resources. Colossal peat reserves are concentrated in the region; 60% of the region's territory is occupied by forests. The reservoirs of the Tver region provide more than 70% of the fresh water needs of residents of Moscow, the Moscow region and a number of neighboring regions.

The climate of the Tver region is temperate continental, characterized by transitional features from the continental climate of the eastern regions of the European territory of the country to the more humid climate of the northwestern regions.

On the territory of the Tver region there are predominantly sandy loam (sometimes clayey) soddy-podzolic soils. The large massif of the Orsha swamp (Kalininsky district) is rich in peat-bog soils. The most fertile lands are located in the east of the region (Kashinsky and Kalyazinsky districts).

The Tver region is one of the twenty most forested regions of Russia. 55% of the region's territory is occupied by forests, which are the most important natural, economic potential and the most important stabilizing component of the region's environment.

AREAS OF THE TVER REGION

Area - 2281 km². The surface is predominantly hilly, covered with coniferous and mixed forests. The highest point is 222 meters above sea level. The climate is temperate continental. There are 216 lakes in the region, 40% are forests, 7% are swamps. In the forests of the region there are about 200 species of mammals (brown bear, elk, wild boar, wolf, fox, hare, lynx, marten and others), about 240 species of birds (grouse, black grouse, hazel grouse, owl, cuckoo and others), in the lakes - various types of fish. The main rivers are Msta and Berezaika. The largest lakes are Kaftino (32.4 km²), Pyros (30.9 km²).

Area 2047 km². The main rivers are Mologa and Kesma. History Vesyegonsky district is located in the northeast of the Tver region, bordering the Vologda region. The eastern part of the region is located on the banks of the Rybinsk Reservoir.

Vyshnevolotsky district is located in the northwestern part of the Tver region. It borders: in the north - with the Bologovsky and Udomelsky districts, in the east - with the Maksatikhinsky and Spirovsky districts, in the south - with the Torzhoksky and Kuvshinovsky districts, in the west - with the Firovsky district.

The region is located in the Western Dvina Lowland. The area of ​​the district is 1625 km². It borders with the Western Dvina, Nelidovsky, Belsky districts of the Tver region and the Dukhovshchinsky district of the Smolensk region.

Zapadnodvinsky district is located in the southwest of the Tver region. It borders in the south with Smolensk, in the west with Pskov regions, as well as with Toropetsky, Andreapolsky, Nelidovsky, Zharkovsky districts of Tver region. Since 2006, the district has included 7 settlements, of which 2 are urban, 5 are rural. In total, there are 280 rural settlements. The administrative center is the city of Western Dvina. The area of ​​the district is 2.8 thousand sq. km. The population of the district is 19.0 thousand people.

Area 1874 km². The main rivers are Osuga, Negoch, Prechisto-Kamenka. In the 1920s, the volosts of the Tver province were enlarged: Borkovskaya and Tysyatskaya volosts were formed with their center in the village. Kuvshinovo.

The forest region is located in the north of the Tver region. In the north it borders with the Pestovsky and Moshensky districts of the Novgorod region, in the south with Maksatikhinsky, in the east with Sandovsky, and in the west with Udomelsky districts. The maximum length of the region from east to west is 58 kilometers, from north to south – 48 kilometers.

Archaeological explorations and excavations carried out on the territory of the Penovsky district indicate that this territory was unusually attractive to human groups. » The settlement of the territory began to occur after the Valdai glaciation, which began approximately 60 thousand years ago and ended 10-12 thousand years ago.

The Spirovsky district is located almost in the very center of the Tver region, on the watershed between the basins of the Mologa, Medveditsa and Tvertsa rivers, 80 km from the regional center, 253 from Moscow and 397 km from St. Petersburg. The district borders the Vyshnevolotsky, Udomelsky, Maksatikhinsky, Likhoslavlsky and Torzhoksky districts.

The history of Sonkovo ​​land goes back deeply to the times of Stone Age settlements. The oldest archaeological finds discovered on the right bank of the City River date back to the Mesolithic era and date back to the 7th-5th millennium BC. In the 2nd millennium BC. Tribes of nomads, the Fatyanovo people, came to the territory of the region. They left behind amazing objects of material culture - bone needles and stone hammer axes. For many centuries, the Finno-Ugric Merya tribe lived on Sonkovo ​​land.

Toropetsk district is located in the southwest of the Tver region. The center of the district is the oldest city in the region. It became the capital of the princely city early - in 1167, when Rostislav Mstislavovich Smolensky separated the Toropets volost to his son Mstislav. Toropetsk land with a total area of ​​over 28 thousand square meters. m included the current Toropetsky, Zapadnodvinsky, Andreapolsky, Penovsky, Oleninsky, Nelidovsky districts and significant parts of the Velezhsky, Zharkovsky, Usvyatsky, Kunyinsky, Kholmsky, Ostashkovsky, Selizharovsky, Rzhevsky, Belsky districts of the Tver, Smolensk, Pskov and Novgorod regions (the territory of the current district makes up about 12% of the area of ​​Toropetsk land).

Firovsky district is located in the northwestern part of the Tver region. It borders in the north with the Valdai and Demyansky districts of the Novgorod region, the Bologovsky, Vyshnevolotsky, Kuvshinovsky, Ostashkovsky districts of the Tver region, as well as the lands of the ZATO Ozerny.

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Settlements

Bezhetsky district

• urban settlement city of Bezhetsk
• Borkovskoe rural settlement
• Vasyukovskoe rural settlement
• Gorodishchenskoe rural settlement
• Zhitishchenskoe rural settlement
• Zobinskoe rural settlement
• Laptikha rural settlement
• Morkinogorsk rural settlement
• Porechyevskoe rural settlement
• Sukromenskoe rural settlement
• Filippkovskoe rural settlement
• Fralevskoye rural settlement
• Shishkovskoe rural settlement
• By the Law of the Tver Region of December 17, 2015 No. 118-ZO, by merging them, the Shishkovskoye and Mikhailovorskoye rural settlements were transformed into the Shishkovskoye rural settlement.

Belsky district

Bologovsky district

Zharkovsky district

By Law of the Tver Region of March 28, 2013 No. 19-ZO, the following municipalities were transformed by merging them:

• Novoselkovskoye and Sychevskoye rural settlements into Novoselkovskoye rural settlement;
• Shchucheyskoye and Troitskoye rural settlements into Shchucheyskoye rural settlement.

Zubtsovsky district

Kalininsky district

Kalyazinsky district

Kesovogorsky district

Kimry district

Konakovsky district

By the Law of the Tver Region of October 6, 2011 No. 62-ZO, the Zavidovo and Mokshinskoye rural settlements were transformed into the rural settlement “Zavidovo” by merging them.

Kuvshinovsky district

By the Law of the Tver Region of December 17, 2015 No. 119-ZO, the following municipalities were transformed by merging them:

• Pryamukhinskoye, Borkovskoye, Zaovrazhskoye and Prechisto-Kamenskoye rural settlements - into Pryamukhinskoye rural settlement;
• Sokolnicheskoye, Vasilkovskoye and Rantsevskoye rural settlements - into Sokolnicheskoye rural settlement;
• Tysyatskoye, Bolshekuznechkovskoye, Borzynskoye and Penskoye rural settlements - into Tysyatskoye rural settlement.

Likhoslavl district

By Law of the Tver Region of April 17, 2022 No. 24-ZO, the following municipalities were transformed by merging them:

• Pervitinskoe and Kavskoe rural settlements into Kavskoe rural settlement;
• Ilyinskoye, Kryuchkovskoye and Veskinskoye rural settlements into Veskinskoye rural settlement;
• Baranovskoye and Sosnovitskoye rural settlements into Sosnovitskoye rural settlement.

Maksatikhinsky district

By Law of the Tver Region of October 8, 2014 No. 74-ZO, the following municipalities were transformed by merging them:

• Zarechenskoye, Kostretskoye, Palchikhinskoye, Rivitskoye and Trestenskoye - to the Zarechenskoye rural settlement;

• Malyshevskoye, Truzhenitskoye and Kamenskoye - to the Malyshevskoye rural settlement;

• Seletskoye, Budenovskoye, Rybinskoye and Ruchkovskoye - to the Rybinsk rural settlement.

Molokovsky district

By the Law of the Tver Region of December 17, 2015 No. 120-ZO, the following municipalities were transformed by merging them:

• Akhmatovskoe, Obrosovskoe and Cherkasovskoe rural settlements - to Obrosovskoe rural settlement;
• Deledinskoye and Molokovskoye rural settlements - into Molokovskoye rural settlement.

Rameshkovsky district

Rzhevsky district

By the Law of the Tver Region of March 28, 2013 No. 22-ZO, the rural settlements of Sholokhovo and Itomlya were transformed into the rural settlement of Itomlya by merging them.

Sonkovsky district

Spirovsky district

Staritsky district

By Law of the Tver Region of May 28, 2012 No. 31-ZO, Staritskoye, Krasnovskoye and Korenichenskoye rural settlements were transformed into a municipal entity - the rural settlement “Staritsa station”, with the administrative center being Staritsa station.

By Law of the Tver Region of May 28, 2012 No. 32-ZO, Pankovskoye and Vasilyevskoye rural settlements were transformed into a municipal entity - the rural settlement "Pankovo", with the administrative center in the village of Pankovo.

By Law of the Tver Region of May 28, 2012 No. 33-ZO, Lukovnikovskoye and Oreshkinskoye rural settlements were transformed into a municipal entity - the rural settlement "Lukovnikovo", with the administrative center in the village of Lukovnikovo.

Torzhok district

By Law of the Tver Region of April 17, 2022 No. 23-ZO, the following municipalities were transformed by merging them:

• Budovskoye and Bolshepetrovskoye rural settlements into Budovskoye rural settlement;
• Vysokovskoye, Bogatkovskoye and Ladinskoye rural settlements into Vysokovskoye rural settlement;
• Gruzinskoye and Pirogovskoye rural settlements into Gruzinskoye rural settlement;
• Mirnovskoye and Klokovskoye rural settlements into Mirnovskoye rural settlement;
• Moshkovskoye and Tredubskoye rural settlements into Moshkovskoye rural settlement;
• Yakonovskoye, Nikolskoye and Ostashkovskoye rural settlements into Yakonovskoye rural settlement.

Toropetsk district

By the Law of the Tver Region of March 28, 2013 No. 20-ZO, the following municipalities were transformed by merging them:

• Ploskoshskoye, Volokskoye and Uvarovskoye rural settlements to Ploskoshskoye rural settlement;
• Sheshurinskoye and Pozhinskoye rural settlements into Pozhinskoye rural settlement.

Firovsky district

Settlements of abolished municipal districts

Andreapolsky district

In June 2022, all settlements in the Andreapolsky district were abolished and merged into the Andreapolsky municipal district.

Vesyegonsky district

By the Law of the Tver Region of April 17, 2022 No. 26-ZO, the Proninskoye and Ivanovo rural settlements were transformed into the Ivanovskoye rural settlement by merging them.

On May 31, 2022, all settlements in the Vesyegonsky district were abolished and merged into the Vesyegonsky municipal district.

Vyshnevolotsky district

The municipal district and the administrative center Vyshny Volochyok, which was not part of it, were transformed into the Vyshny Volochyok urban district in 2022.

Zapadnodvinsky district

By Law of the Tver Region dated April 23, 2020 No. 19-ZO, the Zapadnodvinsk municipal district with its constituent urban and rural settlements will be transformed into the Zapadnodvinsk municipal district in May 2022.

Kashinsky district

By Law of the Tver Region dated April 7, 2022 N 16-ZO, all municipalities of the Kashinsky district were transformed by merging them into the Kashinsky urban district.

Krasnokholmsky district

By Law of the Tver Region of March 28, 2013 No. 17-ZO, the following municipalities were transformed by merging them:

• Glebenskoye, Nivskoye and Utekhovskoye rural settlements into Glebenskoye rural settlement;
• Barbinskoye, Bolsheragozinskoye and Vysokushinskoye rural settlements into Barbinskoye rural settlement;
• Likhachevskoye, Martynovskoye and Ulyaninskoye rural settlements into Likhachevskoye rural settlement.

By Law of the Tver Region dated April 22, 2020 No. 20-ZO, the Krasnokholmsky municipal district with its constituent urban and rural settlements will be transformed into the Krasnokholmsky municipal district in May 2022.

Forest area

On December 29, 2022, the district with its constituent rural settlements was abolished and transformed into the Forest Municipal District.

Nelidovsky district

By Law of the Tver Region dated April 7, 2022 N 17-ZO, all municipalities of the Nelidovsky district were transformed by merging them into the Nelidovsky urban district.

Oleninsky district

On December 29, 2022, the Oleninsky district with its constituent urban and rural settlements was abolished and transformed into the Oleninsky municipal district.

Ostashkovsky district

By the Law of the Tver Region of March 28, 2013 No. 16-ZO, the Shchuchenskoye and Svyatoselskoye rural settlements were transformed into the Svyatoselskoye rural settlement by merging them.

By Law of the Tver Region of April 17, 2022 No. 27-ZO, all municipalities of the Ostashkovsky district were transformed by merging them into the Ostashkovsky urban district.

Penovsky district

By Law of the Tver Region dated April 23, 2020 No. 20-ZO, the Penovsky municipal district and its constituent urban and rural settlements will be transformed into the Penovsky municipal district in May 2022.

Sandovsky district

By the Law of the Tver Region of March 28, 2013 No. 18-ZO, the Toporovskoye and Starosandovskoye rural settlements were transformed into the Toporovskoye rural settlement by merging them.

By Law of the Tver Region dated April 23, 2020 No. 21-ZO, the Sandovsky district and its constituent urban and rural settlements will be transformed into a municipal district in May 2022.

Selizharovsky district

By the Law of the Tver Region of March 28, 2013 No. 21-ZO, the Maksimkovskoye and Dmitrovskoye rural settlements were transformed into the Dmitrovskoye rural settlement by merging them.

By Law of the Tver Region of April 17, 2022 No. 25-ZO, the following municipalities were transformed by merging them:

• Bolshekoshinskoye and Yeletskoye rural settlements into Bolshekoshinskoye rural settlement;
• Selishchenskoye and Shuvaevskoye rural settlements into Selishchenskoye rural settlement;
• Berezugskoye, Zakharovskoye, Larionovskoye and Talitskoye rural settlements into Selizharovskoye rural settlement.

By Law of the Tver Region dated April 23, 2020 No. 23-ZO, the Selizharovsky municipal district and its constituent urban and rural settlements are transformed into the Selizharovsky municipal district.

Udomelsky district

Since 2006, the municipal district included 13 settlements, of which 1 was urban and 12 were rural.

By Law of the Tver Region of October 8, 2014 No. 75-ZO, the municipal formations of Tarakinskoye and Udomelskoye rural settlements were transformed, by merging them, into the newly formed municipal formation of Udomelskoye rural settlement.

By the Law of the Tver Region of December 7, 2015 No. 117-ZO, on December 18, 2015, all municipalities of the Udomelsky district were transformed into the Udomelsky urban district.

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Before 1918

In the 19th century the territory was divided between the following counties:

1918–1935

On May 30, 1922, Zubtsovsky, Kalyazinsky and Korchevsky districts were abolished and merged into Rzhevsky, Kashinsky and Kimry districts, respectively.

In the Moscow region, three districts were formed in the territories that later formed the Tver region. They included the following areas:

On July 23, 1930, the districts were abolished, and the districts began to be directly subordinate to the regions. On November 20, 1931, Tver was renamed Kalininskaya.

After 1935

On January 29, 1935, the Kalinin region was formed on the territory of the Moscow, Western and Leningrad regions. The city of Kalinin became the administrative center of the region.

Initially it included the following areas:

During World War II, from 1941 to 1944, the western part of the region was occupied by German troops.

In the mid-1960s, the region underwent an unsuccessful Khrushchev administrative reform, when the districts were first divided into large agricultural and industrial districts, and a few years later they were abolished, and the region received a district structure somewhat different from the previous one. reform.

In 1990, the Kalinin region was renamed the Tver region.

Abolished areas

After 1927 (with the exception of the failed reform of 1963-1965), the boundaries between districts sometimes changed, and as a result some of them were abolished. This list includes areas that existed in the current region of the Tver region.

Renamed areas

Some districts were renamed: Tverskoy to Kalininsky, Kuznetsovsky to Konakovsky, Kamensky to Kuvshinovsky, Kirovsky to Selizharovsky; Novotorzhsky to Torzhoksky. Kamensky and Kirovsky districts were not renamed directly, but were abolished and then restored under a different name.

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Administrative-territorial structure

According to the Law “On the administrative-territorial structure of the Tver region”, taking into account the latest administrative-territorial changes, the subject of the Russian Federation includes the following administrative-territorial units and territorial units (settlements)::

On May 5, 2022, they were abolished and transformed into districts of Zapadnodvinsky, Penovsky, Sandovsky, Krasnokholmsky, Selizharovsky districts, the cities of Krasny Kholm and Western Dvina were given the category of cities of district significance; the number of settlements was reduced to 238 (29 urban and 165 rural).

The charter of the Tver region until 2022 highlighted:

On October 29, 2022, amendments were made to the Charter, according to which the administrative-territorial structure looks like this:

The distribution of territorial units (settlements) according to the amendments looks like this:

The administrative center of the Tver region is the city of Tver

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Counties and districts

Tver region

CENTRAL Federal District of Russia. Tver region. Area 84.2 thousand sq. km. Formed on January 29, 1935. The administrative center of the Tver region is the city of Tver

The Tver region is a subject of the Russian Federation, part of the Central Federal District, located in the west of the middle part of the East European Plain.

The Tver region is part of the Central Economic Region. The region has great opportunities for agricultural development, but there is an insufficient rural population. The region's agriculture specializes in dairy and beef cattle breeding and flax growing. Pig and poultry farming are significantly developed. Rye, oats, and fodder crops are being sown; potatoes, vegetables.

Industries: Mechanical engineering, Food, Woodworking, Production of building materials and finishing materials, Glass, Textile and leather and footwear, Chemical, Printing. The region's largest power plants are located. The region is poor in valuable minerals, except peat, ceramic clays and quartz sand.

The Tver region has a favorable transport and geographical position between the two largest cities in Russia.

On November 5, 1775, the Tver governorate was established, transformed in 1796 into the Tver province. On January 14, 1929, the Tver province was abolished, and its territories became part of the Moscow and Western regions. The Kalinin region was formed by a decree of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of January 29, 1935. On July 17, 1990, by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR, the Kalinin region was renamed Tver.

She was awarded the Order of Lenin on December 6, 1966 - for the courage and fortitude shown by workers in the fight against the Nazi invaders during the Great Patriotic War and for the successes achieved in the restoration and development of the national economy.

Geographical characteristics of the Tver region

The Tver region, located in the northwestern part of Russia at 55.5-58.5 degrees north latitude and 31-38 degrees east longitude, is part of the Central Economic Region of Russia. The date of its formation is January 29, 1935. The length of the Tver region from west to east is 450 km, from north to south – 250 km. The distance from the regional center to Moscow is 167 km, to St. Petersburg – 485 km. The area of ​​the Tver region is 84.2 thousand sq. km. In terms of territory it is one of the largest in the European part of Russia.

The Tver region borders on the Vologda region in the north, on the Novgorod region in the north-west, on the Yaroslavl region on the east, on the Pskov region on the west, on the Smolensk region in the south and on the Moscow region in the south-east.

Tver region includes:

There are 351 municipalities in total. The Tver region includes:

The administrative center of the Tver region is the city of Tver. The population of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation is 1,260,380 people, the density is 14.97 people/km2.

More than half of the region's territory is covered with forests of the mixed or coniferous-deciduous type.

The Tver region is famous for its underground mineral waters, which are used as medicinal and table waters, as well as for hydrotherapy at resorts.

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Cities, Urban Districts and Municipal Districts of the Tver Region

Cities of the Tver region: Tver, Andreapol, Bezhetsk, Bely, Bologoe, Vesyegonsk, Vyshny Volochyok, Western Dvina, Zubtsov, Kalyazin, Kashin, Kimry, Konakovo, Red Hill, Kuvshinovo, Likhoslavl, Nelidovo, Ostashkov, Rzhev, Staritsa, Torzhok, Toropets , Udomlya.

Urban districts of the Tver region: Urban district "City of Tver" Urban district "City of Vyshny Volochek" Urban district "City of Kimry" Urban district "City of Rzhev" Urban district "City of Torzhok" Urban district "Ozerny ZATO" Urban district "Solnechny ZATO"

Municipal districts of the Tver region, Administrative center: Andreapolsky district - Andreapol Bezhetsky district - Bezhetsk Belsky district - Bely Bologovsky district - Bologoe Vesyegonsky district - Vesyegonsk Vyshnevolotsky district - Vyshny Volochyok Zharkovsky district - Zharkovsky town Zapadnodvinsky district - Western Dvina Zubtsovsky district - Zubtsov Kalininsky district - Tver Kalyazinsky district - Kalyazin Kashinsky district - Kashin Kesovogorsky district - Kesova Gora town Kimry district - Kimry Konakovsky district - Konakovo Krasnokholmsky district - town of Krasny Kholm Kuvshinovsky district - town of Kuvshinovo Forest district - village of Lesnoye Likhoslavl district - town of Likhoslavl Maksatikha district - town of Maksatikha Molokovsky district - town of Molokovo Nelidovo district - town of Nelidovo Oleninsky district - town of Olenino Ostashkovsky district - town of Ostashkov Penovsky district - village Peno Rameshkovsky district - village Rameshki Rzhevsky district - Rzhev Sandovsky district - village Sandovo Selizharovsky district - village Selizharovo Sonkovsky district - village Sonkovo ​​Spirovsky district - village Spirovo Staritsky district - town Staritsa Torzhoksky district - town Torzhok Toropetsk district — Toropets city, Udomelsky district — Udomlya city, Firovsky district — Firovo town

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Municipal structure

The municipal structure of the Tver region, taking into account the latest changes, looks like this:

• 11 urban districts,
• 9 municipal districts,
• 22 municipal districts, 29 urban settlements,
• 165 rural settlements.

On May 5, 2022, Zapadnodvinsky, Penovsky, Sandovsky, Krasnokholmsky, Selizharovsky municipal districts and all urban and rural settlements included in them were abolished and transformed into municipal districts; the number of urban settlements was reduced to 29, rural to 165.

City and municipal districts and municipal districts

Western districts of the Tver region what are these districts

The region's population numbers more than 1 million 300 thousand inhabitants. Of these, every fourth person lives outside of cities.

The capital of the Upper Volga region is Tver. This is one of the oldest cities in Russia. In the 14th and 15th centuries, Tver competed with Moscow for the status of the capital of Russian lands.

The distance from the regional center to Moscow is 167 km, to St. Petersburg – 485 km. The region is crossed by the main railways and highways to Northern and Central Europe.

One of the main wealth of the region is natural resources. More than half of its entire territory is occupied by forest. Its area exceeds 5 million hectares.

There are 1,769 lakes and about 800 rivers in the region. Including the great Russian river Volga (its source is located in the region, as well as the source of the Western Dvina River - Daugava) and Lake Seliger, famous throughout the country. Also in the Tver region there are 9 reservoirs, among them Ivankovskoye, Rybinskoye, Uglichskoye, Vyshnevolotskoye, etc.

Another calling card of the Upper Volga region is underground mineral waters. One of the first resorts in Russia was opened in the city of Andreapol in 1806. Mineral

springs in the city of Kashin in pre-revolutionary times enjoyed the glory of Russian Karlovy Vary. Mineral water of various brands is still produced in the region today.

The water resources of the Tver region are in wide demand. They form one of the main sources of water supply to Moscow and the Moscow region. In general, in the western part of the region on the Valdai Upland, sources of drinking water are being formed for the European part of Russia, Belarus, Ukraine and the Baltic countries.

The basis of the region's economy is industry and agriculture. The industrial complex produces more than a quarter of the gross regional product. The main industries in the region are machine tool, aircraft and mechanical engineering, chemical, pharmaceutical, printing, paper and cardboard production, food and electrical industries.

The agro-industrial complex is the traditional specialization of the Tver region. The region contains about 2.5 million hectares of agricultural land. The region occupies a leading position in Russia in terms of fiber flax area, production and processing of meat products, raising fur-bearing animals and others.

The work of social sectors in the Tver region is based on a strong ramified infrastructure. Medical assistance to the population of the region is provided by 87 medical organizations subordinate to the Ministry of Health of the Tver Region, 250 offices of general practitioners, 10 local hospitals, 27 medical outpatient clinics, 509 medical and obstetric centers and 56 medical assistant stations, which employ about 5 thousand doctors and about 11 thousand person of paramedical personnel.

The education system is represented by 460 kindergartens, 518 schools and their branches, 36 institutions of secondary vocational education. The higher school is formed by leading scientific and educational centers, such as Tver State University, Tver State Technical University, Tver State Agricultural Academy, Tver State Medical University.

The region's sports complex unites 3,611 sports facilities, the one-time capacity of which is 78,387 people per hour.

There are more than 10 thousand historical and cultural monuments in the Tver region. According to this indicator, the region is among the leaders in Russia. 14 cities in the region have the status of “Historic City”. Among them are Tver, Torzhok, Ostashkov, Kashin, Kalyazin, Vesyegonsk, Vyshny Volochek and others.

On the territory of the region there are such well-known complexes as the Imperial Travel Palace in Tver, memorial estates associated with A.S. Pushkin’s stay on Tver land.

The Tver Regional Art Gallery is one of the oldest provincial museums in Russia, which is the largest repository of cultural values ​​of the XIV-XX centuries in the region, numbering almost 18 thousand works of fine art of various genres and trends.

Also in the region there are 5 professional theaters, the regional academic philharmonic, and the Tver State United Museum, which includes 32 institutions.

The region is home to the most ancient Orthodox monasteries, such as the Nilo-Stolobenskaya Hermitage in the Ostashkovsky district, the Borisoglebsky Monastery in Torzhok, and the Holy Dormition Monastery in Staritsa.

Now the region is using its great recreational and tourism potential to develop the economy and create new jobs.

About one and a half million guests visit the Upper Volga region every year.

The main directions of tourism development in the region are water and automobile tourism, pilgrimage and educational tourism, gastronomic tourism, as well as active outdoor recreation.

Federal District:

Central

Economic region:

Central

Code of the subject of the Russian Federation:

69

Timezone:

MSK (UTC+3)

In the Tver region:

The territory of the Tver region is united and is an integral part of the territory of the Russian Federation.

The territory of the Tver region consists of administrative-territorial units, which include territorial units.

The Tver region includes:

cities: Andreapol, Bezhetsk, Bely, Bologoe, Vyshny Volochek, Vesyegonsk, Western Dvina, Zubtsov, Kashin, Kalyazin, Kimry, Konakovo, Red Hill, Kuvshinovo, Likhoslavl, Nelidovo, Ostashkov, Rzhev, Staritsa, Tver, Torzhok, Toropets, Udomlya ;

urban districts: the city of Kimry, the city of Rzhev, the city of Tver, the city of Torzhok, Vyshnevolotsky, Kashinsky, Nelidovsky, Ostashkovsky, Udomelsky;

municipal districts: Andreapolsky, Vesyegonsky, Zapadnodvinsky, Krasnokholmsky, Lesnoy, Likhoslavlsky, Molokovsky, Oleninsky, Penovsky, Rameshkovsky, Sandovsky, Selizharovsky, Spirovsky;

municipal districts: Bezhetsky, Belsky, Bologovsky, Zharkovsky, Zubtsovsky, Kalininsky, Kalyazinsky, Kesovogorsky, Kimrsky, Konakovsky, Kuvshinovsky, Maksatikhinsky, Rzhevsky, Sonkovsky, Staritsky, Torzhoksky, Toropetsky, Firovsky;

closed administrative-territorial entities: “Ozerny”, “Solnechny”;

other administrative-territorial and territorial units.

The administrative center of the Tver region is the city of Tver, the status of which is determined by the Law of the region.”

Source

Will there be unification?

The last year in the Tver region has been marked by the unification of municipalities.

The trend was such that instead of the old familiar areas, new urban districts began to appear. The processes of merging municipalities were launched in Kashinsky, Nelidovsky, Vyshnevolotsky, Torzhoksky and Vesyegonsky districts. In some areas the unification proceeded smoothly, but in others it turned into a real scandal, becoming fertile ground for internal conflicts.

At the same time, today it is obvious to any unbiased observer that the system of local self-government bodies in the form in which the authors of the law on local self-government intended it does not work. The vast majority of urban and rural settlements have not become economically self-sufficient units capable of effectively resolving all those issues of local importance assigned by law to their jurisdiction. And the ongoing outflow of population from rural areas only exacerbates this problem. Therefore, it is quite logical that the state tried to find a way out of this situation by uniting such territories.

By and large, there are not so many recipes for the economic revival of rural areas, there are only two of them: the creation of larger municipalities that would have greater economic potential and human capital, and changing the tax system so that more taxes remain in local government, and maybe even a complete refusal by the state of a number of taxes in favor of municipalities, such as, for example, corporate income tax, personal income tax, corporate property tax and transport tax. All this is being actively discussed today and, quite possibly, we will see it in the near future, but without larger populous and economically self-sufficient municipalities, local government will no longer survive and no tax reform will help it. To save a lot, it was necessary to sacrifice a little.

But on the way to uniting municipalities and their consolidation, a legal problem arose: what to do with rural areas? The law on local self-government left only one way to create unitary municipalities - the format of an urban district. And here numerous difficulties immediately arose. Yes, on the one hand, the regions sought to simplify the management scheme in order to reduce the staff of officials, local administrations, deputies and save the budget. But citizens, while actually remaining residents of rural settlements, formally turned into townspeople, and these are completely different conditions. New “urban” tariffs and standards, redistribution of social institutions, centers for the provision of state and municipal allowances and benefits, participation in state “rural” programs and so on - all this often caused misunderstanding and dissatisfaction on the part of residents of those municipalities where the unification took place, it became a breeding ground for numerous conflicts, and required additional efforts from the regional leadership to maintain the status quo, the previous situation in the countryside.

The need for the emergence of a municipal formation of a new format, which would make it possible to unite settlements, but without violating the rights of rural residents and without the need to create urban districts where there is no basis for them - this idea was literally in the air. And today this type of municipality has finally appeared.

In the pre-holiday noise and bustle, the news went completely unnoticed, which, it seems to us, will completely change the administrative-territorial division of Russia in the very near future. On April 18, the State Duma adopted in the third reading the Federal Law “On Amendments to the Federal Law “On General Principles of the Organization of Local Self-Government in the Russian Federation”, and on May 6 it was signed by the President, and it entered into legal force.

The essence of the changes is as follows.

A new type of municipal formation is being introduced into the system of local self-government - a municipal district, which is understood as several settlements united by a common territory that are not municipalities, in which local self-government is exercised by the population directly and (or) through elected and other local government bodies that can exercise certain state powers transferred to local governments by federal laws and laws of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. According to the authors of the law, the very initiative to introduce a new type of municipal formation - a municipal district - is precisely aimed at protecting the rights of citizens living in rural areas.

In fact, this means that all subjects of the Russian Federation will very soon move from a two-level territorial division (rural or urban settlement - district) to a single-level one (municipal or urban district). It is obvious that in the very near future we will see the unification of all rural and urban settlements of the Tver region into single municipal districts. If earlier the administrative-territorial division of Russia was built more with an eye on European models (community or municipality - district - region), today, obviously, the example is more of the American model, in which states or regions are divided into counties and city districts, which is fully consistent our municipal and city districts.

How many copies were broken on the initiative to create urban districts! There was, of course, a sound grain in the idea of ​​increasing the area of ​​cities in the Tver region. It is obvious that almost all existing cities in our region today are cramped within their current borders. Their territory is actually limited to the residential part and has no space for development. This is especially felt now that programs have emerged for providing land plots to large families, when city authorities put up for auction plots for individual construction. But the quality of the lands themselves is simply disgusting, in many cases they are just swamps, into which, after acquisition, you need to invest more than one million rubles in order to bring them to a more or less normal appearance, to bring dozens, if not hundreds of cars of sand and earth. Cities have little land suitable for development and farming, for implementing business projects and creating tourist areas, for developing agricultural activities, etc. At the same time, the rural settlements surrounding the cities are sparsely populated; there is an abundance of land suitable for running your own household and building your own home. It is obvious that many cities in the Upper Volga region should include rural districts. Only then will our cities have the much-needed space for development.

And it is not necessary for everyone to follow one single path; one can imagine another model of unification.

So, for example, the Vesyegonsky urban district could well have been created if the city of Vesyegonsk had been united with only one Ivanovo rural settlement (without the former Proninsky), and the rest of the rural settlements of the Vesyegonsky district had been transformed into two independent municipal districts: Yogonsky municipal district, which would have included Yogonskoye and Lyubegoshchinskoye rural settlements, and Ovinishchensky municipal district, consisting of Kesemsky, Romanovsky, Chamerovsky and former Proninsky rural settlements. Such a solution would be a reasonable compromise between a variety of competing projects.

The Torzhok urban district is a completely sound idea, but if only to unite the city of Torzhok with the immediately surrounding settlements, without Mokshinsky, Vysokovsky, Sukromensky and Strashevichi rural settlements, which may well form their own municipal district, especially since they were previously a separate Vysokovsky district. The same applies to the Maryinsky rural settlement, which gravitates more towards Mednovsky - these two settlements may well become an independent municipal district, especially since they have both the population and the economic potential for this.

Another promising project is the creation of the Kimry urban district, which can be created by merging the city of Kimry with Fedorovsky, Central, Titovsky and Privolzhsky settlements. At the same time, the remaining rural settlements of the district may well form a separate municipal district with its center in the village of Goritsy, especially since before they were already the Goritsky district.

The need to divide the Konakovo and Kalinin districts into urban and municipal districts has long been overdue. The Yuryevo-Devichyevskoye and Pervomayskoye rural settlements are in no way connected with the rest of the Konakovsky district; there is not even direct transport links or roads from there to Konakovo; both settlements gravitate more towards the former Rozhdestvensky and Kablukovsky rural districts of the Kablukovsky rural settlement of the Kalininsky district, especially since they are still completely recently they were one district with them - the Orsha district, and now, in the course of municipal reform, they can again become a single municipal district. The Gorodenskoye and Staromelkovskoye rural settlements, the urban settlements of Izoplit, Redkino and Radchenko in the Konakovsky district already actually form a single urban agglomeration, and it would be quite logical if they became a separate urban district. Kozlovskoye, Zavidovskoye and Mokshinskoye rural settlements, the urban settlements of Kozlovo and Novozavidovsky, both in terms of population and economic potential, can well be separated into an independent municipal district. The southern part of the Kalininsky district, with its center in the village of Turginovo, has long been ripe for separation into an independent municipal entity, and changes in the law on local self-government came just in time here, as well as the southwestern part with its center in the village of Koltalovo, especially since previously these the territories were separate Turginovsky and Emelyanovsky districts within the Kalinin region.

And many such examples can be given.

It is not at all necessary to think in stereotypes, trying to create new municipal and urban districts by mechanically transforming existing districts - you need to start from the territories themselves, their history and population, especially since the existing grid of 36 districts, which arose during the administrative reform of 1956-1965, is far from ideal and, to put it bluntly, unsuccessful. In many ways, it was the administrative reform of 1956-1965 that gave impetus to the subsequent decline of rural areas, first in the Kalinin and later in the Tver region: previously, a large number of regional centers made it possible to maintain the social and transport infrastructure in the region at a high level; each regional center had its own gas stations , not only kindergartens and schools, but even secondary vocational educational institutions, law enforcement agencies and fire departments.

In the context of the upcoming municipal reform and the emergence of “municipal districts,” one must beware of the temptation to take the path of least resistance and simply “merge” all the settlements of the districts into one single municipal district. This is not a solution to the problem of territorial development. By thoughtlessly eliminating rural and urban settlements that are closest to ordinary people, their needs and aspirations, regional authorities are deprived of the only channel of communication with local communities and local groups, and local residents themselves are deprived of real influence on what is happening in their district. Therefore, in my opinion, we should strive to restore the previous grid of municipalities that existed before the reform of 1956-1965, only instead of districts and volosts - municipal and city districts, relying, first of all, on our own history.

In any case, the merger of municipalities is a serious matter; here it is necessary, as they say, before “cutting off” or merging, “measuring” seven times - thinking through, discussing and weighing everything. There should be a broad public discussion on how the unification should take place, in what forms and in what composition new municipal and city districts should be created.

And here, frankly speaking, what is surprising is the almost complete lack of interest in such an important process on the part of all political parties without exception, which, it would seem, should be in the forefront of this public discussion. After all, the merger of municipalities directly affects almost all residents of our region; it is not only electoral changes, but also a shift in power centers, a disruption of the usual order of governance and resolution of local issues.

One gets the impression that the consolidation of municipalities today is of interest only to regional authorities, the media, various kinds of public organizations and local activists, but not to political parties. All the so-called parliamentary parties have actually withdrawn from this process: “A Just Russia” and the Liberal Democratic Party have simply disappeared from the political horizon, sunk into oblivion, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation does not have a clear and formulated position on this issue. In this field, United Russia feels lonely and, apparently for this reason, is not trying very hard to somehow argue its position: so far we have not heard a clear road map for the consolidation of municipalities in the Tver region. At the same time, all these political forces have their own factions in district assemblies of deputies and city councils; they have the power to make the process of unifying municipalities as smooth and effective as possible, but we do not see the most important thing - even the slightest interest on their part.

Today, a paradoxical situation has developed in the Tver region. The process of consolidation of municipalities was initiated by the regional authorities, in all areas affected by the merger there is a wide public discussion, spears are being broken for and against the formats of associations proposed by the authorities, serious passions are boiling, but deputies from political parties in the overwhelming majority of cases do not participate in all this in any way, taking a position outside observers. Who else but parties can propose political decisions and projects, but in our region the situation is the opposite. The press, social activists and local residents express their proposals for municipal reform, everyone except those who, in theory, should do it, except those who annually receive huge sums of money from the budget for their activities - parliamentary parties.

This is sad. After all, the more ideas, projects and opinions there are, the more balanced and thoughtful the reform will be, the more interests will be taken into account during its implementation and the less “broken wood” will be the bottom line.

In any case, after the May 6 law, we will face large-scale municipal reform. And here the most important thing is to be guided, first of all, by the interests of the people, when implementing it, rely on the history and characteristics of each territory, and not allow a mechanical approach to this or that association. Don’t think in a stereotyped way in the “one district – one municipal district” format, but in each case differently, taking into account all factors and local interests.

Ivan KUZNETSOV

In order to get a more complete and objective picture of the ongoing transformations in the field of local self-government, we turned to Sergei Rogozin, deputy of the Legislative Assembly of the Tver Region, deputy chairman of the standing committee on social policy, for comment.

Sergei Rogozin:

“The article touches on really important issues. The trend towards the unification of municipalities and their consolidation is a federal trend, the latest law of May 6 is a clear confirmation of this. At the same time, we still do not fully understand what the results of such a policy will be. Of course, there are economic reasons for the consolidation of municipalities, but, in fact, we are talking about the elimination of the two-tier system of local self-government (district - settlement), which is guaranteed by the Constitution of Russia and the international obligations of our country. Over the past few years, experts from the Council under the President of the Russian Federation for the Development of Civil Society and Human Rights have voiced their fears that in the course of such municipal reform, municipalities will find themselves accountable not to the population, but to regional authorities, which is contrary to the very spirit of local self-government.

There is a positive grain in the reform, but there are also concerns. A Solomon solution is needed that would secure the balance of interests and guarantee the independence of local government from both regional authorities and the federal center. Russia ratified the European Charter of Local Self-Government back in 1998; the basic principles of this document are enshrined in our constitution. But already the 131st law was a deviation from many important provisions of the Charter, for example, powers in the field of education and health care were excluded from the competence of local self-government, the ability to organize economic life in the territory of one’s municipality was significantly narrowed, the list of local taxes also raises many questions.

The passivity of political parties, which are more occupied with internal squabbles than with issues that truly concern the residents of our region, deserves a separate study. Today, political parties, without exception, have virtually withdrawn themselves from discussing important and pressing problems facing our region and society, shifting the initiative and responsibility onto the shoulders of the regional government. But it’s not the gods who burn the pots. We need a balance of opinions, we need a broad public discussion on how we want to see the future of the Tver region, but, unfortunately, there is none of this.

It is difficult to say what the outcome of municipal reform will be, but in any case, the merger of municipalities is just a tool. And like any other tool, in skillful hands it will bring benefits and serve the cause of creation and development, but in unskillful hands it will break and crush everything around.”

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Minerals

Mineral resources discovered and developed in the Tver region are mainly deposits of ancient seas, lakes and swamps, and partly a consequence of the activity of glaciers (clastic rocks).

The region's territory is poor in valuable minerals; the brown coal seams of the Moscow Region coal basin are of industrial importance. The largest deposit is Bolshoye Nelidovskoye, which produced about 21 million tons from 1948 to 1996.

In low-lying areas, thick peat deposits with a total volume of 15.4 billion m³ are widespread. Estimated peat reserves amount to 2051 million tons, which is about 7% of the reserves of the European part of Russia. 43 peat deposits with a total area of ​​about 300 thousand hectares have been developed on an industrial scale; the main exploited reserves are concentrated in five deposits located in the central and southern parts of the region. From 1971 to 1999, more than 44 million tons of fuel peat were developed.

Limestones are common (limestone reserves have been developed near the city of Staritsa for several centuries. Dolomite limestones are common along the banks of the Vazuza, Osush, Tsna rivers (marble-like limestones), there are deposits of fusible and refractory clays and quartz sand, sapropels, numerous underground fresh and mineral water layers, open springs (the most famous is the medicinal table water “Kashinskaya”).

There are reserves of tile, brick, and pottery clay, quartz sand, and there are deposits of coal and rock salt.

Climate

The climate of the region is moderate continental, transitional from the continental one in the east of the European territory of the country to the more humid northwestern regions. The region lies in a zone of climatic conditions comfortable for life and recreation. Average daily temperatures in summer are plus 15-20°C, in winter - minus 5-15°C. The average annual precipitation ranges from 560 to 720 mm, the greatest amount of precipitation falls on the western slopes of the Valdai Hills. Stable snow cover is established in late November - early December, the duration of the period with snow cover is 140-150 days, the thickness is 40-60 cm, with a maximum depth of 80 cm.

Average temperatures in January are from −8 to −16 °C, in July +17…+18 °C. Precipitation is about 600-700 mm per year.

Hydro resources

There are over 800 rivers in the region, more than 10 km long, with a total length of about 17,000 km. The main river is the Volga (685 km). Its source is located in the Ostashkovsky district. Also, other rivers of particular importance in the region are: Western Dvina (262 km), Tvertsa (188 km), Medveditsa (269 km), Mologa (280 km) and Mezha (259 km). The watershed of the Caspian and Baltic seas passes through the region. [1]

Lakes

There are 1,769 lakes in the region (1.4% of the territory), including Seliger (259.7 km²), Verkhnevolzhskie lakes, Velikoye, Verestovo, Piros and Shlino. The maximum lake content is in the west and north-west of the region. The deepest lakes in the region (evortional) are Brosno (41.5 m) and Dolosets (41 m).

Reservoirs

Swamps

Swamps occupy about 7% of the total area of ​​the region.

Forest resources

The region is located in the forest zone, in the subzone of the southern taiga, turning into broad-leaved and dark-coniferous forests in the north-west and pine forests in the northern and south-western parts.

Forests occupy 4.5 million hectares (about 2.0 million hectares of coniferous trees), or 53% of the total area of ​​the region. The total wood reserves in the region are 658 million m³. Mature forest reserves are estimated at 147.8 million m³, including resources intended for exploitation - about 100 million m³. The estimated logging area is set at 6.2 million m³/year, the volume of logging is about 34% of the logging area (2003).

Notes

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