Environmental conflict in Zavolzhsk: in the city of chemists there is no “chemistry” between the authorities and the people

This term has other meanings, see Zavolzhsk (meanings).

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Zavolzhsk

- a city (since 1954[2]) in Russia, the administrative center of the Zavolzhsky district of the Ivanovo region.

Population - 10,664[1] people. (2016).

Story

The village of Vladychnoye (Epiphany - after the Church of the Epiphany) in the Kineshma district of the Kostroma province has been known at least since the 17th century. In the middle of the 19th century, a paper spinning and paper weaving factory (later a fiber factory) was built on the territory of the modern city, and in 1871 a sulfuric acid plant was built (one of the oldest chemical enterprises in Russia, which turned 140 years old in 2011).

On February 20, 1934, the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee decided to “Establish a workers’ settlement under the name Zavolzhye

as part of the following settlements of the Kineshma district: at the chemical plant and factories "Fibra" and "Privolzhanka", Kuzhlevka, Zhilinsky, Tikhomirovsky, Novy, Chirkovsky, Aleksinsky, Vladychny, Chirkov, Skriptsov, Zhilin, Urakov, Myasnev and Ryabininsky with the Zavolzhsky hospital "[ 3].

Upon receiving city status on October 4, 1954, it was renamed Zavolzhsk

. On October 9, 1968 it became a regional center.

Municipal-territorial structure[ | ]

The municipal district includes 5 municipalities, including 1 urban and 4 rural settlements[6].

History of the municipal structure
In 2005, as part of the organization of local self-government in the municipal area, 1 urban and 10 rural settlements were created [6]:

• Zavolzhskoe urban settlement - the city of Zavolzhsk
• Vozdvizhenskoye rural settlement - villages: Vozdvizhenye, Pridorozhny; villages: Belkashi, Bolotnikovo, Boristsevo, Buyakovo, Bykovka, Vertluzhnoe, Vodomerovo, Vorokshino, Goluzino, Emelyanovo, Eremino, Kopytovo, Korovino, Korostelevo, Lobantsevo, Lyubanovo, Maymantovo, Manturovo, Meshkovo, Militino, Porozovo, Posulovo, Pochinok, Rodinskaya, Rybolovka, Stepanki, Strelitsa, Tarasovo, Trostnikovo, Khmelevo, Yablonka
• Goltsovskoe rural settlement - villages: Kuren, Logintsevo; villages: Besedy, Vatagi, Vorontsovo, Goltsovka, Gorodishche, Gorozhenitsa, Dmitrievskoye, Ilyinskoye, Kolenkovo, Lenkovo, Marinino, Nazarovo, Nelidovo, Pezlovo, Khotenovo, Khudyni, Chelesnikovo
• Dolmatovsky rural settlement - villages: Dolmatovsky, Nikola-Mera; village: Andronikha, Berezovka, Vorobetsovo, Gusikha, Zuevo, Morozikha, Oblekha, Ovsyanitsy, Polyudovo, Studenets, Shelagi, Shelomovo
• Esiplevskoye rural settlement - the village of Esiplevo; villages: Novaya Derevnya, Sobakino, Fefelovka, Akishenki, Igumnovo, Karpovo
• Zhazhlevo rural settlement - villages: Zhazhlevo, Oktyabrsky; villages: Dorki, Khokhloma
• Zarechny rural settlement - the village of Zarechny; Korotikha village
• Kolshevo rural settlement - the village of Kolshevo; villages: Beznosovo, Goryantsevo, Derevnishche, Ivashevo, Knyazevo, Lobanovo, Lykovo, Lyskovo, Mikhaltsevo, Nyankino, Podelovo, Seliverstovo, Sokerino, Sorvirogovo, Uzorokino, Shirokovo, Shishkino Maloe, Yamnovo
• Kornilovskoe rural settlement - the village of Kistega; villages: Averino, Artyukovo, Belonogovo, Vostrovo, Vyushkovo, Golochelovo, Ignatsevo, Kornilovo, Krapivki, Lentyevo, Salovitsa, Fedostsyno, Chupriyanovo
• Novlyanskoye rural settlement - villages: Georgievskoye, Novlyanskoye, Semenovskoye; villages: Antipikha, Akhlebinka, Babtsyno, Borshchevka, Butovo, Vanyutino, Vedernovo, Voronino, Gavrilovo, Zabolotye, Zinovkino, Ivorovo, Isakovskaya, Karavaikha, Karpunikha, Kislyakovka, Komarovo, Nizovskaya, Ruposovo, Rusinovka, Rybolovka, Savitovo, Spiridovo, Storozhevo, Toropikha, Fominskoye, Sharino, Shevelevka, Shushkovo
• Cheganovskoe rural settlement - villages: Bredikhino, Mera; villages: Ananyino, Antropovo, Bukharevo, Vershinino, Dolmatovo, Doronzha, Zubtsovo, Kinino, Komarovo, Korotikha, Kunitsino, Markushi, Martynikha, Mikhailovskaya, Patrakeika, Platkovo, Pyreshevo, Stepanovo, Hills, Cheganovo, Sheronikha

In 2009, Vozdvizhenskoye, Goltsovskoye, Esiplevskoye, Novlyanskoye rural settlements

;
to the Dmitrievskoye rural settlement - Kornilovskoye and Kolshevskoye rural settlements
;
to Sosnevskoye rural settlement - Dolmatovskoye and Zhazhlevskoye rural settlements
;
in the Mezhdurechenskoye rural settlement - Zarechnoye and Cheganovskoye rural settlements
[22].

Notes

1. ↑ 123
   www.gks.ru/free_doc/doc_2016/bul_dr/mun_obr2016.rar Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2016
2. THE USSR. Administrative-territorial division of the union republics on January 1, 1980 / Compiled by V. A. Dudarev, N. A. Evseeva. - M.: Publishing house "Izvestia of the Soviets of People's Deputies of the USSR", 1980. - 702 p. — P. 122.
3. [base.consultant.ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc;base=ESU;n=24652 About changes in the administrative structure of the Ivanovo industrial region]
4. ↑ 12345678910111213
   www.MojGorod.ru/ivanovsk_obl/zavolzhsk/index.html People's encyclopedia “My City”. Zavolzhsk
5. [demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus59_reg2.php All-Union Population Census of 1959. The size of the urban population of the RSFSR, its territorial units, urban settlements and urban areas by gender] (Russian). Demoscope Weekly. Retrieved September 25, 2013. [www.webcitation.org/6GDOghWC9 Archived from the original on April 28, 2013].
6. [demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus70_reg2.php All-Union Population Census of 1970 The size of the urban population of the RSFSR, its territorial units, urban settlements and urban areas by gender.] (Russian). Demoscope Weekly. Retrieved September 25, 2013. [www.webcitation.org/6GDOiMstp Archived from the original on April 28, 2013].
7. ↑ 123
   [ivanovo.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_ts/ivanovo/resources/4ce371004da3f783837cf741cd117b4b/itogi_vpn2010_table_volume_1.pdf Results of the 2010 All-Russian Population Census, volume 1. Number and distribution of the population of the Ivanovo region]. Retrieved August 8, 2014. [www.webcitation.org/6Rfo0NidC Archived from the original on August 8, 2014].
8. [www.perepis2002.ru/ct/doc/1_TOM_01_04.xls All-Russian Population Census 2002. Volume. 1, table 4. Population of Russia, federal districts, constituent entities of the Russian Federation, districts, urban settlements, rural settlements - regional centers and rural settlements with a population of 3 thousand or more]. [www.webcitation.org/65AdCU0q3 Archived from the original on February 3, 2012].
9. [www.gks.ru/bgd/regl/B09_109/IssWWW.exe/Stg/d01/tabl-21-09.xls Number of permanent population of the Russian Federation by cities, urban-type settlements and districts as of January 1, 2009]. Retrieved January 2, 2014. [www.webcitation.org/6MJmu0z1u Archived from the original on January 2, 2014].
10. [www.gks.ru/free_doc/doc_2012/bul_dr/mun_obr2012.rar Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities. Table 35. Estimated resident population as of January 1, 2012]. Retrieved May 31, 2014. [www.webcitation.org/6PyOWbdMc Archived from the original on May 31, 2014].
11. [www.gks.ru/free_doc/doc_2013/bul_dr/mun_obr2013.rar Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2013. - M.: Federal State Statistics Service Rosstat, 2013. - 528 p. (Table 33. Population of urban districts, municipal districts, urban and rural settlements, urban settlements, rural settlements)]. Retrieved November 16, 2013. [www.webcitation.org/6LAdCWSxH Archived from the original on November 16, 2013].
12. [www.gks.ru/free_doc/doc_2014/bul_dr/mun_obr2014.rar Table 33. Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2014]. Retrieved August 2, 2014. [www.webcitation.org/6RWqP50QK Archived from the original on August 2, 2014].
13. [www.gks.ru/free_doc/doc_2015/bul_dr/mun_obr2015.rar Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2015]. Retrieved August 6, 2015. [www.webcitation.org/6aaNzOlFO Archived from the original on August 6, 2015].
14. [hibaratxt.narod.ru/hirosima.html Ivanovskaya Hiroshima]

Population[ | ]

Urbanization
The urban population (city of Zavolzhsk) makes up 67.99% of the district's population.

Excerpt characterizing Zavolzhsk

Exploded by the word intriguer, Nikolai, raising his voice, told his mother that he never thought that she would force him to sell his feelings, and that if this was so, then this would be the last time he spoke... But he did not have time to say that decisive word, which, judging by the expression on his face, his mother was waiting in horror and which, perhaps, would forever remain a cruel memory between them. He did not have time to finish, because Natasha, with a pale and serious face, entered the room from the door where she had been eavesdropping. - Nikolinka, you are talking nonsense, shut up, shut up! I’m telling you, shut up!.. – she almost shouted to drown out his voice. “Mom, my dear, this is not at all because... my poor darling,” she turned to the mother, who, feeling on the verge of breaking, looked at her son with horror, but, due to stubbornness and enthusiasm for the struggle, did not want and could not give up. “Nikolinka, I’ll explain it to you, you go away - listen, mother dear,” she said to her mother. Her words were meaningless; but they achieved the result she was striving for. The countess, sobbing heavily, hid her face in her daughter's chest, and Nikolai stood up, grabbed his head and left the room. Natasha took up the matter of reconciliation and brought it to the point that Nikolai received a promise from his mother that Sonya would not be oppressed, and he himself made a promise that he would not do anything secretly from his parents. With the firm intention, having settled his affairs in the regiment, to resign, come and marry Sonya, Nikolai, sad and serious, at odds with his family, but, as it seemed to him, passionately in love, left for the regiment in early January. After Nikolai's departure, the Rostovs' house became sadder than ever. The Countess became ill from mental disorder. Sonya was sad both from the separation from Nikolai and even more from the hostile tone with which the countess could not help but treat her. The Count was more than ever concerned about the bad state of affairs, which required some drastic measures. It was necessary to sell a Moscow house and a house near Moscow, and to sell the house it was necessary to go to Moscow. But the countess’s health forced her to postpone her departure from day to day. Natasha, who had easily and even cheerfully endured the first time of separation from her fiancé, now became more excited and impatient every day. The thought that her best time, which she would have spent loving him, was being wasted in such a way, for nothing, for no one, persistently tormented her. Most of his letters angered her. It was insulting to her to think that while she lived only in the thought of him, he lived a real life, saw new places, new people that were interesting to him. The more entertaining his letters were, the more annoying she was. Her letters to him not only did not bring her any comfort, but seemed like a boring and false duty. She did not know how to write because she could not comprehend the possibility of truthfully expressing in writing even one thousandth part of what she was used to expressing with her voice, smile and gaze. She wrote him classically monotonous, dry letters, to which she herself did not attribute any meaning and in which, according to Brouillons, the countess corrected her spelling errors. The Countess's health was not improving; but it was no longer possible to postpone the trip to Moscow. It was necessary to make a dowry, it was necessary to sell the house, and, moreover, Prince Andrei was first expected in Moscow, where Prince Nikolai Andreich lived that winter, and Natasha was sure that he had already arrived. The Countess remained in the village, and the Count, taking Sonya and Natasha with him, went to Moscow at the end of January. Pierre, after the matchmaking of Prince Andrei and Natasha, without any obvious reason, suddenly felt the impossibility of continuing his previous life. No matter how firmly he was convinced of the truths revealed to him by his benefactor, no matter how joyful he was during that first period of fascination with the internal work of self-improvement, which he devoted himself to with such fervor, after the engagement of Prince Andrei to Natasha and after the death of Joseph Alekseevich, about which he received news almost at the same time - all the charm of this former life suddenly disappeared for him. Only one skeleton of life remained: his home with his brilliant wife, who now enjoyed the favors of one important person, acquaintance with all of St. Petersburg and service with boring formalities. And this former life suddenly presented itself to Pierre with unexpected abomination. He stopped writing his diary, avoided the company of his brothers, began to go to the club again, began to drink a lot again, again became close to single companies and began to lead such a life that Countess Elena Vasilievna considered it necessary to give him a stern reprimand. Pierre, feeling that she was right, and in order not to compromise his wife, left for Moscow. In Moscow, as soon as he entered his huge house with withered and withering princesses, with huge courtyards, as soon as he saw - driving through the city - this Iverskaya Chapel with countless candle lights in front of golden vestments, this Kremlin Square with untrodden snow, these cab drivers and the shacks of Sivtsev Vrazhka, saw old Moscow people who wanted nothing and were slowly living out their lives, saw old women, Moscow ladies, Moscow balls and the Moscow English Club - he felt at home, in a quiet refuge. In Moscow he felt calm, warm, familiar and dirty, like wearing an old robe. Moscow society, everything from old women to children, accepted Pierre as their long-awaited guest, whose place was always ready and not occupied. For Moscow society, Pierre was the sweetest, kindest, smartest, cheerful, generous eccentric, absent-minded and sincere, Russian, old-fashioned gentleman. His wallet was always empty, because it was open to everyone.

Settlements[ | ]

There are 164 settlements in the Zavolzhsky district, including 1 urban and 163 rural.

Attractions[ | ]

Cultural heritage sites:

• Media files on Wikimedia Commons

The attractions of the Zavolzhsky region are 36 natural, historical and cultural monuments. The most famous are: the Church of the Exaltation of the Cross, built in 1790, the Church of the Epiphany, built in 1770, the Church of the Kazan Mother of God in the village of Semenovskoye, the building of the museum of the JSC Chemical Plant named after M. V. Frunze, built by the factory owners Burnaev-Kurochkin in 1907-1908 in the style of " pseudo-Gothic”, the building of the regional cultural center, built in 1915 according to the design of Academician Vesnin.

• Of great historical value are the buildings associated with the name of the outstanding Russian astronomer, academician F.A. Bredikhin (former estate, linden park, ponds).
• In his Sokolovo estate, located near the city, composer A.P. Borodin wrote the opera “Prince Igor” (57.501547° N 42.058841° E HGYAO).
• The estate of the entrepreneur, philanthropist, collector N.P. Ruzsky “Icy Keys” (57°29′59″ N 42°04′58″ E HGЯO), where F.I. Chaliapin and S.V. Rachmaninov and many other cultural figures[23], with the main house built in 1912 in the neoclassical style[24].
• Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary of the early 19th century in the classicist style in the village of Patrakeika; a quadrangle with rounded corners, topped with a rotunda, a refectory and a bell tower with a spire[24].

• Monument to Gennady Nevelsky near his former estate Rogozinikha 57°29′40″ N. w. 42°16′31″ E. village HGYAO, where he lived and worked in the summer months with his family (1862-1876)[25]. Opened June 29, 2013[26].

Economics[ | ]

General characteristics[ | ]

The economic condition of the area is currently assessed as depressed. The region is characterized by a low degree of investment attractiveness, a high degree of unprofitability of enterprises, as well as low wages of industrial workers. The unemployment rate in the district is twice as high as the regional average and, according to official data, is 5.6%. It is worth noting that most of the area is not gasified.

Extraction and use of mineral resources[ | ]

The territory of the municipality is not rich in mineral resources. Deposits of non-metallic building materials are being developed - thus, in terms of the volume of reserves of sand and gravel mixture, the Zavolzhsky district ranks second in the Ivanovo region. Also in the area there are three kilometer-long wells (water extraction) [ source not specified 1814 days

] - there are no more than twenty of these in Russia.

Industry[ | ]

The main component of the regional economic structure is industry. The formation and development of the region is associated with the work of its leading enterprises: the chemical plant named after. M.V. Frunze and the fiber factory. Zavolzhsky Chemical Plant named after. M. V. Frunze is the largest enterprise in its industry for the production of chemical dyes, textile auxiliaries, and chemical additives. The main products of the fiber factory are sheet fiber, tube fiber, fiber parts, shields for electric welders, and suitcases. In connection with the development of chemical production in the region, the problem of recycling chemical waste is urgent. The largest enterprise in the region carrying out this work is ZAO Stroykhimmaterialy, in whose activities in November 2011 a number of violations were identified related to the disposal of hazardous waste at great depths.

Other manufacturing enterprises in the region:

• LLC "Knitwear Factory "Zarechye"
• JSC "Zavolzhsky Bread Factory"
• OJSC "Zavolzhskoye Timber Industry Enterprise"
• Municipal Unitary Enterprise "Zavolzhsky Timber Point",
• JSC "Zavolzhskzhelezobeton"
• JSC "Zavolzhsklen"
• CJSC "Esiplevsky Cheese Factory"
• JSC "Zhazhlevsky Lespromkhoz"
• OJSC "Zavolzhskoye Timber Industry Enterprise"
• LLP "Volzhskoe"

Agriculture[ | ]

The production of agricultural products: grain, vegetables, potatoes, flax, animal feed, milk, meat - in the region there are 19 agricultural enterprises, including 14 agricultural production cooperatives, 1 state farm, 1 open joint-stock company, 2 closed joint-stock companies. In addition, there are 6 peasant farms and about 3.5 thousand personal subsidiary plots. The Zavolzhsky region has soils unsuitable for growing cereals, and for this reason the yield of grains and potatoes here is lower than in other areas. Nevertheless, the region provides itself with grain, potatoes, vegetables, and livestock products. Flax is also grown on the territory of the municipality.

Tourism[ | ]

The Zavolzhsky district has significant recreational potential, so the prospects for economic development of the territory are also associated with tourism. Currently, the Zarechye tourist base operates in the region, located on the banks of the river. Mera near the village of Stepanovo, a number of children's summer camps. The policy of the district administration is aimed at attracting investment in the tourism sector.

Transport

How to get there You can get there using the same methods as to the city of Kineshma, then by bus to Zavolzhsk (30-40 minutes). However, if you want to get to Kineshma from Zavolzhsk or from Zavolzhsk to Kineshma, then you cannot count on walking; in any case, you will have to use transport. The cities are located on different banks of the Volga River and are connected by a road bridge. You cannot cross it on foot; you will most likely be stopped by the guards at the security booth. Use a vehicle to cross. The best way to do this is by bus: crossing the bridge costs 56 rubles, and there is a bus stop next to the exit to the bridge. You can also use a bicycle, or, of course, a car.

To Zavolzhsk by plane There is no airport in the city; the nearest is in Ivanovo.

To Zavolzhsk by train There is no train station in Zavolzhsk; there are railway tracks, but they are used only for cargo transportation. The nearest train station is in Kineshma.

To Zavolzhsk by car 113 km from Ivanovo

To Zavolzhsk by bus From five o'clock in the morning until eleven o'clock in the evening at intervals of 10-20 minutes (after eight in the evening at 20-40 minutes) buses run "Kineshma - Zavolzhsk" and "Zavolzhsk - Kineshma". The cost of travel only in Kineshma or Zavolzhsk is 19 rubles, crossing the road bridge connecting the cities is 56 rubles, the full route is 56 rubles. A route from Zavolzhsk to Kineshma with a final stop further than the Kineshma station square will cost 75 rubles.