February 28, 2005 [2]
Zhurbenko Georgy Sergeevich [3]
Shcherbinka
- a settlement and urban district within Moscow, part of the Novomoskovsky administrative district of Moscow. Until July 1, 2012, Shcherbinka was a city of regional subordination of the Moscow region; it was included in Moscow during the implementation of the city expansion project. From the point of view of administrative division, Shcherbinka is a settlement, from the point of view of municipal division - an urban district.
The population of Shcherbinka is 32.3 thousand inhabitants (2012).
The settlement is located on Varshavskoye Highway. Shcherbinka railway station on the Moscow - Kursk line. In the north and east it borders with the Yuzhnoye Butovo district of the South-Western Administrative District, on other sides it is surrounded by the territory of the Voskresenskoye settlement of the Novomoskovsk Administrative District. The city of Podolsk is also located 1 km to the south.
Shcherbinka
City, settlement and urban district as part of the Novomoskovsky administrative district of Moscow. The permanent population is 32.3 thousand people. (2012); 53,281 people (2019).
Until July 1, 2012, Shcherbinka was a city of regional subordination of the Moscow region, included in Moscow during the implementation of the city expansion project. From the point of view of administrative division, Shcherbinka is a city within Moscow, from the point of view of municipal division - an urban district.
The settlement is located on the Warsaw highway, on the Moscow-Simferopol highway. Shcherbinka railway station on the Moscow – Kursk line. In the north and east it borders with the Yuzhnoye Butovo district of the South-Western Administrative District, in the south with Podolsk, and on other sides it is surrounded by the territory of the Voskresenskoye settlement of the Novomoskovsk Administrative District.
City code, dialing order: +7 (496) 7 + phone number. If the subscriber's number has less than 7 digits, then after the area code, the numbers 5 are dialed before the subscriber's number up to the ten-digit number. There are also telephones in the city in the Moscow city code +7 (495) and +7 (499). Gradually, all telephone numbers with the code +7 (496) 7 will be replaced by +7 (495) 8.
Shcherbinka has been known since the 14th century as a village. Station village from the end of the 19th century. In 1939, Shcherbinka became a working village. City status since 1975.
The name Shcherbinka comes from the surname of the first owner - a patrimonial owner from the family of princes Shcherbaty, known since the 15th century. In the troubled times of the early 17th century. the village of Shcherbinka became depopulated and turned into a “wasteland”. Who owned the restored during the 17th century? Shcherbinka estate - unknown.
Since 1672, the residents of Shcherbinka became parishioners of the newly built Church of the Sign of the Blessed Virgin Mary in the village of Zakharyin. In the descriptions and maps of the General Land Survey of the Moscow District in 1766–1767. indicated: “Shcherbinkino, a village in the Moscow district of Ratuev’s camp, the possession of the late Prince Nikolai Alekseevich Shakhovsky, now owned by his sister Agrafena, the wife of Lieutenant General Leonty Mikhailovich Karabanov. Mezhevaya October 19, 1766.” General A. A. Karabanova allocated from her lands at the same time for eternal use to the clergy of the Znamensky Church a plot of arable land measuring 14 dessiatinas (15.18 hectares) along the left bank of the Lopenka River. Nowadays this land is under construction in the urban district of Shcherbinki in its Central and Northern parts (Yubileinaya, Vysotnaya, Pochtovaya, Vishnevaya streets).
Almost a century later, in 1858, by order of the landowner Lieutenant E.V. Krotkova, the surviving plan of the Shcherbinka estate was taken, which repeated the drawings of 1766, additionally depicting the Warsaw Highway laid through the lands of the estate in 1845, which greatly changed the life of the area. In 1861, the peasants of Shcherbinka received plots of land at the rate of one dessiatine per capita, and a total of 85 dessiatines. These peasant tithes formed the basis of the lands of present-day Shcherbinka.
In the early 1860s, after the peasant reform, the estate went to the wealthy moneylender N. O. Sushkin, who made it a comfortable and profitable place. The master's part of the estate was remodeled. The residential center was moved from the Serpukhovskaya road deep into the site, behind a pond, where two residential buildings with services, five dachas were built, a cultural park was laid out on an area of one hectare, a pond was cleared, a swimming pool and a bathhouse were built, and closer to the forest a large Orchard. The entrance to the estate was formally decorated: wide iron gates led to the poplar alley to the manor house, and above the gate there was an inscription: “Welcome.” There was a new feature at the gate - a sundial, everything was designed for large receptions of frequent guests. The dachas were rented out for the summer to Moscow summer residents, among whom the French were regulars.
From the south, the estate bordered on the lands of the church in the village of Zakharyino, which were located to the west of the railway, filling the entire space between the railway and the highway. It was on the Zakharyin lands, on red clays, that Sushkin founded it at the end of the 19th century. handicraft brick production.
In the 1870s. A railway was built from Moscow to Kursk, but at first there was no stopping point in the area of the village of Shcherbinka; there was only one track barracks for the railway workers. When a landowner was passing from Moscow, at his request, the train was stopped at this barracks. But already in 1890, Sushkin obtained from the owners of the road the establishment of a permanent stopping point called “Platform Shcherbinka”, named after the village located a mile from the road. The establishment of the platform was also helped by the simultaneous efforts of Baskakov, whose woolen factory was already operating on the Desna River, three miles from the railway. On March 20, 1895, Sushkin entered into an agreement with the road management for the maintenance of this stop with a monthly contribution of 125 rubles. Since 1904, the Shcherbinka station has been supported by a road.
The station was separated from the estate by peasant fields. Sushkin bought a strip of land from the peasants from the estate to the platform and built a highway on it in the European style, decorating it along the edge with planting trees and shrubs, installing garden benches for relaxation (nowadays 40 Let Oktyabrya Street lies on its remains). But the constructed road was for the individual use of the owner and his guests, to ensure this, lockable barriers were placed at the beginning and end of the road.
In 1912, the peasant community turned to Sushkin with a request to transfer this road, which was very necessary for the peasants, to the zemstvo, but the principled owner refused the transfer, installing another intermediate barrier in response.
Before the revolution, the estate had one hundred acres of arable land and two hundred acres of forest land. There was, in addition to small livestock and poultry, a herd of sixty head of cattle and twenty head of horse park. In 1918, the nationalization of the property of Sushkin’s heir began. In 1920, a state farm was organized on the estate; at first, the farm fell into almost complete decline. The Sushkinsky house burned down, the park with tennis courts and paths sprinkled with yellow sand was destroyed, the sundial also disappeared, and the old pond silted up. Somewhat later, agronomist P.A. was appointed manager of the state farm. Kvitkovsky, who managed to restore the farm, trying to restore it to its former productivity. Even later, the farm was transferred to the First State Stud Farm named after. S. Kamenev, and then, in the 1930s, came into the possession of the Pervomaisk labor colony of the NKVD Gulag.
Source
City `s history
The genealogy of Shcherbinka takes us back to the beginning of the last century... Popular rumors and testimonies of old-timers introduce us to such a legend... At the very beginning of the 19th century, on the site of the present Shcherbinka, the Lipka tract and the Militia village, lay the rich estate of the landowner Shcherbinka.
This landowner founded a village for his serfs, which then consisted of seven courtyards. That’s what they called the serfs: “Whose are you, men?” - Yes, you see. We are Shcherbinka... And later the whole village began to be called: Shcherbinka. In 1812, during Napoleon’s invasion of Moscow, Shcherba fled from his estate, burying all his valuables somewhere near the ponds. After Bonaparte was expelled, Shcherba did not return to his family estate; since then it has been resold from hand to hand. At the very beginning of the sixties, the estate passed to N.O. Sushkin, who retained his estate until the revolution. Sushkin was a wealthy moneylender, had estates in other regions, and he used the Shcherbinskoye property as a productive subsidiary farm. He did not live permanently in Shcherbinka, spending only the summer months there, as at a dacha near Moscow. Nevertheless, under his rule the farm became profitable and comfortable. In 1861, the peasants of Shcherbinka received plots of land at the rate of one dessiatine per capita, and a total of 85 dessiatines. It was these peasant tithes that formed the basis of the lands of present-day Shcherbinka. The master's part of the estate was remodeled. The residential center was moved from the Serpukhovskaya road deep into the site, behind a pond, where two residential buildings with services, five dachas were built, a cultural park was laid out on an area of one hectare, a pond was cleared, a swimming pool and a bathhouse were built, and closer to the forest a large an orchard, which later brought considerable income to the owner. The entrance to the estate was formally decorated: wide iron gates led to the poplar alley to the manor house, and above the gate there was an inscription: “Welcome.” There was a new feature at the gate, a sundial, everything was designed for large receptions of frequent guests. The dachas were rented out for the summer to Moscow summer residents, among whom the French were regulars. Before the revolution itself, the estate had one hundred dessiatines of arable land, two hundred dessiatines of forest land, and, in addition to small livestock and poultry, there was a herd of sixty heads of cattle and twenty heads of horse park. In the seventies, a railway was built from Moscow to Kursk, but at first there was no stopping point in the area of the village of Shcherbinka, there was only one track barracks for the track workers. When a landowner was passing from Moscow, at his request, the train was stopped at this barracks. But already in 1890, Sushkin obtained from the owners of the road the establishment of a permanent stopping point called “Platform Shcherbinka”, named after the village located a mile from the road. The establishment of the platform was also helped by the simultaneous efforts of Baskakov, whose woolen factory was already operating on the Desna River, three miles from the railway. A station appeared, but it was separated from the estate by peasant fields, and Sushkin bought from the peasants a strip of land from the estate to the platform and built a highway on it in the European style, decorating it along the edge by planting trees and shrubs, installing garden benches for relaxation (now on its remains lie on the street 40 Let Oktyabrya). But the constructed road was for the individual use of the owner and his guests, to ensure this, lockable barriers were placed at the beginning and end of the road. In 1912, the peasant community turned to Sushkin with a request to transfer this road, which was very necessary for the peasants, to the zemstvo, but the principled owner, fearing that manure from the peasants’ Savraskas would spoil the appearance of the lord’s road, refused the transfer, installing another intermediate barrier in response. From the south, the estate bordered on the lands of the church in the village of Zakharyino, which were located to the west of the railway, filling all the space between the railway and the highway. According to stories, this village was named in honor of a certain ataman Zakharka, who back in the 17th century stood with an army in these places, defending Moscow from Tatar raids, and a horde of Tatars stood in the village, which still retains the name Ordyntsy. Zakharyino was a large village that had a parish school in the 19th century, and around, along with church lands, lay landowners' estates, and according to one version, the village allegedly received its name after one of the owners, landowner Zakharov. It was on the Zakharyinsky lands, on rich red clays, that an enterprising merchant established a handicraft brick production at the end of the 19th century. She bought the factory in Shcherbinka for the construction of her enterprise in Podolsk in 1900. After the completion of the construction of Singer, the Shcherbinsky brick factory was sold again and soon passed into the possession of a small entrepreneur V.V. Belousov, who somewhat expanded production by updating the equipment, although in general the enterprise continued to remain semi-handicraft. Nearby there were barracks for workers and a small one-story house, in which Belousov’s apartment was in one half, and the enterprise’s office in the other. From the platform to the right a road led to the ancient villages of Nikolskoye and Ostafyevo, and further to the Baskakov cloth factory (now the factory named after May 1). Even further south, to the right of the railway, on a hill, lay the estate of the landowner Druzhinin Baryshi with a park, a pond and a large orchard. And from the brick factory to Podolsk, a significant part of the Zakharyinsky lands was closed from the road by a palisade of white birches and oak trees - an ordinary Russian forest, with its euonymus undergrowth and velvety green edges. The year 1917 came. The small village of Shcherbinka greeted October with only seventeen courtyards, not marked even by large-scale maps of that time. There was the Shcherbinka platform, the only one recognized by official documents as a geographical point, near it there was a barracks, two houses for railway employees. Administratively, this entire territory was subordinate to the newly formed Zakharyinsky village council, in turn, subordinate to the Sukhanovsky volost executive committee of the Podolsk district. The pioneers in settling the future village were railroad workers. They were the first to request the allocation of land plots from the nationalized church plots of the Zakharya parish. They were presented with a plot of Popovaya Grove, with the condition of cutting down and uprooting this forest plot and handing over the timber for state needs. Opposite the station building, along the future Zheleznodorozhnaya Street, work began on the construction of a station village. In 1918, Belousov’s son’s enterprise was nationalized, and even later his dacha in Zakharyinsky courtyards was municipalized. After nationalization, the brick factory was transferred to the jurisdiction of Podolsk local industry. An experimental demonstration farm for breeding productive Kholmogory cattle was established on the territory of Druzhinin’s estate. The manor's house, together with a park, a pond and a garden, became the Holiday House of the Executive Committee of the Comintern. In 1918, it was the turn of the nationalization of the property of the heir Sushkin. For this, Chairman Kolokolytsikov came to the Sukhanovsky estate and, as witnesses say, on a hot summer day he met young Sushkin and his wife on the paths of Kolokolytsikov Park, returning from the bath. The chairman and the headman have just finished walking around and inspecting the property. “So, that’s it, Nikolai Nikolaevich,” Kolokolytsikov turned to Sushkin, “come on, brother, distribute the cattle to the peasants yourself.” Let's take away the living creatures... And the gentleman, famous throughout the area for his liberal, almost revolutionary views, did not find anything else to answer: - There's a herd grazing across the road... Take it yourself, if it's yours... He said, throwing a wet towel over his other shoulder and, without saying another word, he walked with his wife towards his house. Two days later, the former landowner couple left the estate forever. In 1920, a state farm was organized on the estate, but at first the farm declined and fell into almost complete decline. The Sushkinsky house burned down, the park with tennis courts and paths sprinkled with yellow sand was destroyed, the sundial also disappeared, and the old pond silted up. Somewhat later, agronomist P.A. was appointed manager of the state farm. Kvitkovsky, who managed to restore the farm, trying to restore it to its former productivity. Even later, the farm was transferred to the First State Stud Farm named after S. Kamenev, and then, in the thirties, it came under the control of the Pervomaisk labor colony of the NKVD Gulag. Time passed. The volleys of the civil war died down, in devastation, in deprivation and poverty, the half-starved country rose to its feet, healing the wounds inflicted by the war, restoring and strengthening the economy and preparing for new great achievements. Then little changed in the area of the Shcherbinka platform. With the consolidation of districts carried out on an all-Union scale, Sukhanov was transferred to the new Ulyanovsk district, and the Zakharyinsky village council with all its lands became directly subordinate to the Podolsk District Executive Committee. The Shcherbinsky heritage of the breeder Belousov has also received an update. In the immediate vicinity of the old plant, in 1928, a new, large, brick plant of the Raipromkombinat began to be built, the first stage of which went into operation in 1928. A large number of seasonal construction workers were involved in the construction of the plant. The forest covering the territory of the future plant was cut down and a workers' town grew up behind the plant, eight barracks and two two-story houses were built. With the launch of the new plant, on its old territory, another regional industrial enterprise was soon organized - the “Glue-Soap” factory. However, the ill-fated “Glue Soap” did not last long, significantly poisoning the surrounding area with harmful waste and stench; it was closed in 1938, and in its place a new enterprise was created - the Shcherbinsky Stamping and Mechanical Plant, which went into operation in February 1938. In 1930, the Experimental Ring of the Central Research Institute of the People's Commissariat for Railways began to be built near the railway platform; the work was completed in 1932. Thus, three main industrial enterprises were created, which became the core around which a workers’ settlement began to form. In 1937, work began on the electrification of the Moscow-Podolsk railway. Railway workers began to settle in Shcherbinka. A large developer appears on the allocated lands. All-Union Trust for the construction of extracurricular bridges NKPS (Mostotrest). Along the Serpukhov highway, a chain of two-story typical bridge workers’ houses appeared called the Mostotrest settlement. Before the fortieth year, two were inhabited, and a third house stood in the forests. At the same time, the railroad built barracks for construction workers on the allocated lands. The alienation of land from the Shcherbinsk agricultural artel was compensated by the transfer to the artel of a land plot of 68 hectares of a subsidiary farm to the Colony named after. May 1st. In 1938, a project for a new residential area was approved for Moscow settlers who were losing living space in Moscow due to the reconstruction of the capital, especially its center. Thus, already at the end of 1938, a significant settlement was actually created, and the question of its name and status arose quite naturally and timely. On December 13, 1938, the settlement of Shcherbinka was renamed a workers' village. In 1939, a planning project for the young village was approved, and that same summer the council began allocating plots for individual construction for immigrants from Moscow. A new district of the village was being laid out. Novomoskovsky. At the same time, the allocation and planning of plots for the construction of individual summer cottages for workers of the 1st State Bearing Plant began, and another area, Shariki, appeared on the map. The application of the Podolsk plant named after Ordzhonikidze for the allocation of land for the plant to build individual houses for the resettlement of plant workers in Shcherbinka was satisfied. So, on the plan of the village next to Mostotrest, the streets of the Ordzhonikidze district grow. The center of the village was determined in the area of the brick factory, since 7,500 people out of the total population of Shcherbinka of 11,200 people already lived there on an area of 606.6 hectares. Priority objects of public importance were planned for construction: a seven-year school, two shops, a fire station, water tanks, wells, bridges, etc. The development of significant areas for housing on the oily Shcherbinsky clay created great difficulties, because even the slightest rain , and even more so during the spring flood, everything around turned into a viscous mess, in which not only transport stopped, but sometimes unpaved streets and passages between barracks became inaccessible to pedestrians. In the Glebov Park (Lipki) tract, the district department of public education is allocated a 4-hectare plot for the construction of the first seven-year school. For railway workers resettled from temporary homes scattered along the Moscow-Kursk railway, 15 hectares have been allocated in Shcherbinka. During the same period, a dead-end access road to the brick factory was built, and the Shcherbinka platform was renamed the Shcherbinka station of the Moscow-Kursk Railway. Plans for peaceful construction were not destined to come true. The black day came on June 22, 1941, the Great Patriotic War broke out. All construction in Shcherbinka has almost completely stopped. In the autumn of 1941, the fascist hordes rushing towards the capital came close to Podolsk. Shcherbinka became a front-line zone; the lines of Moscow’s defensive belt lay across its territory. Shcherbinka was naked and empty. Its population dropped to 6,000 people. Almost half of the male population joined the Red Army. Reserve units of the Red Army were quartered in the liberated and empty dwellings. On December 15, the brick factory stopped and stood until 1943; the stamping plant switched to military needs. A sharp shortage of fuel and the proximity of the front led to the fact that the remnants of the forest on the territory of the village were almost completely cut down, the gardens and parks of the former landowners' estates were damaged, with the exception of the greatly thinned-out Baryshi and Lipki. The borders of the forest area have retreated significantly from the Serpukhov Highway. After the long-awaited victory, the whole country was reborn to a new life; Construction is booming again in Shcherbinka. The central area of the village is being built up, comfortable 3- and 4-story houses are going up, a House of Culture is being built on the square, and the contours of Teatralnaya Street are gradually emerging. The soul of the development of the center and the entire southern part of the village, the financier, was the old brick plant, or rather, at that time already the Refractory Plant. With his investments and concrete assistance, the first cultural stores, medical institutions appear, and general improvement activities are carried out. The same role, initiatives and funding in the northern part of the village belongs to the Central Research Institute of Ministry of Railways. Simultaneously with the development of its production base (ring). The Institute is constructing permanent 3- and 4-story residential buildings, taking on the construction of other public facilities and communications. He also has the honor of being the pioneer of the development of microdistrict No. 2, a large wasteland between the Central (Kirpichny) and Northern (Lublinsky) districts, used by the population as a potato field. In 1950, the Head Repair and Restoration Train No. 1 of the Ministry of Railways (GOREM-1), a construction organization for railway workers, arrived in Shcherbinka. In the Lublin microdistrict, 17 two-story eight-apartment houses, six two-story wooden houses, then three four-story houses and even one five-story house were built in a short period of time. An artesian well, a water tower, a large boiler room were laid for the city, water supply, sewerage, and steam pipelines were laid. The Moscow-Kursk, and now the Moscow, railway made a significant contribution to the development of the village. The railway workers, after completing the construction of their initial eight-apartment buildings on two floors, moved on to the construction of four-story houses, built their own boiler house, and provided residential buildings with water, sewerage and heat. In 1950, a town for the Moscow police began to be built on farm lands: first wooden buildings appeared, and later permanent buildings began to be erected. In 1955, another significant enterprise grew on the desert lands allocated to Geological and Petroleum Exploration. Moscow experimental elevator-building plant of the Soyuzlift trust of the Ministry of Construction, Road and Municipal Engineering. Shcherbinka began to grow and improve intensively in 1957. Roads and central streets were dressed in asphalt, street lamps, sewers, and street drains appeared. In 1961, an automatic telephone exchange was built, and the residents of the village began to have telephones. The scourge of Shcherbinka, its impassable mud, is gradually becoming a thing of the past. In 1962, GOREM-1 erected the first 5-story panel residential building on Sadovaya Street.
Experimental test site and ground metro: interesting facts about Shcherbinka
For many years, Shcherbinka was known as a village where elevators were made and trains were tested. The Shcherbinsky Elevator Plant produces more than 80 models of elevators, which are found in many Moscow buildings. Testing of railway equipment is carried out at the experimental railway ring of VNIIZhT.
In recent years, transport and social infrastructure has been developing in the city district - Shcherbinka is becoming a place comfortable to live.
Coat of arms of Shcherbinka district
The coat of arms of the Shcherbinki settlement is a Moscow-shaped shield. In the blue field of the coat of arms, edged in gold, from the center to the periphery there are the following stylized images: a section of a railway rail in a ring - silver, white, a bowl of a glass furnace - gold, yellow with silver, white rustication, a silver gear, as well as golden sun rays , between which light blue rays pass.
The items depicted on the coat of arms of the Shcherbinka settlement symbolize important city-forming enterprises. The cut end of the railway rail inside the ring is a symbol of the VNIIZhT Experimental Ring.
The bowl of the glass furnace indicates the Shcherbinsk plant of electrofused refractories and the Podolskogneupor enterprise, which operate in Shcherbinka. The brickwork represents large-scale construction in the city. The image of the gear is reminiscent of the Shcherbinsky Elevator Plant. The blue background symbolizes the sky and the airport of the Ostafyevo garrison, which is also located on the territory of the settlement. The rays of the rising sun are a symbol of the founding of Shcherbinka and the youth of the settlement.
Rails-rails, sleepers-sleepers
If you look at Moscow from a height, then in its very south, near the Shcherbinka railway station of the Kursk direction of the Moscow Railway (MZD), you can see a triple ring - three tracks along which trains run every now and then. And inside it are several dozen houses: it so happened that a ring was built around the village of Novokuryanovo.
This is a railway test site - an experimental ring of VNIIZhT with a length of six kilometers - one of the attractions of Shcherbinka (geographically, the settlement is now adjacent to the south-eastern part of the ring). It was erected in 1932 for comprehensive testing of locomotives, multiple unit rolling stock, cars, instruments, components and equipment. And the EMO710-53 steam locomotive was the first to be tested here. And the last ones are all modern train models: Aeroexpress, Sapsan, Oriole, Swift, Lastochka.
Until 1960, this test ring was the only one in the world. Today, seven more experimental sites have been built in different countries, but the Shcherbinsky test site is still unique - due to climatic temperature changes, equipment is tested in extreme conditions.
Soon the railway will mean even more to Shcherbinka.
MCD-2: new ground metro
Moscow central diameters are something that will very soon change the life of every resident of Shcherbinka and will allow them to travel from the south to the north of the capital without transfers, quickly and comfortably. By connecting the radial directions of the railway along which commuter trains run, diameters will be created. Thanks to this, Muscovites will receive about 400 kilometers of, in fact, surface metro.
MCD-2 Nakhabino - Podolsk is planned to open at the end of 2022 - beginning of 2022. There will be 33 stopping points on the 80-kilometer line. In the future, their number will increase to 38.
From MCD-2 it will be possible to make 11 transfers to metro stations, MCC and railway platforms of other directions. It is expected that in the future the number of transfers will increase to 15.
The basis for MCD-2 will be the existing railway infrastructure, and new stopping points will be built on it. Thus, the Ostafyevo platform will appear in Shcherbinka. It will help provide railway connections to the Novomoskovsky and Yuzhny microdistricts and relieve congestion on the adjacent road network (including Yunykh Lenintsev Avenue, Ryazanovskoye and Varshavskoye Highways).
The stopping point will include two platforms with canopies and a covered pedestrian bridge, where ticket offices and turnstiles will be located. And for the convenience of passengers with limited mobility, elevators and escalators will be installed at the station.
Ostafyevo station will be built between Shcherbinka and Silikatnaya. During peak hours, passenger traffic here can reach more than 13 thousand people.
Shcherbinka and the Ostafyevo platform will be connected by a new road; its construction will begin before the end of the year, and commissioning is planned for 2021.
Moscow.org Moscow city portal
The history of the village of Shcherbinka begins to be traced at the beginning of the 19th century. At that time, in this area there was a vast and rich estate of the landowner Shcherba. For his serfs, Shcherba founded a small village of seven households, which was named Shcherbinka after the owner’s surname.
Tradition says that during the war of 1812, the landowner fled from his estate and buried all his valuables somewhere on the shore of the pond. For unknown reasons, after Napoleon was expelled from Russia, Shcherba did not return to his estate, and since that time the owners of Shcherbinka have changed several times.
In the early 1860s, N.O. became the owner of the estate. Sushkin, who retained it until the 1917 revolution. A wealthy moneylender, Sushkin owned several estates. Sushkin did not live permanently in Shcherbinka, but spent only summer time here, using the estate as a summer cottage. The landowner organized an effective subsidiary farm in Shcherbinka, which, even without his constant presence, generated considerable income.
After the peasant reform of 1861, local peasants divided 85 dessiatines of land among themselves, receiving plots of one dessiatine per capita. It was on these territories that modern Shcherbinka was later located. The lord's estates were also transformed. The owner's part of the estate was moved from the Serpukhov road inland beyond the pond. In the new location, two residential buildings with services, five dachas were built, a park was laid out on an area of one hectare. A pond was cleared, a swimming pool and a bathhouse were installed on it, and a large orchard was planted closer to the forest, which over time began to bring considerable income to the owner. The entrance to the estate was decorated very solemnly: through wide iron gates, guests entered the poplar alley leading to the manor house, and above the gate there was a greeting: “Welcome.” Also at the gate you could see a curiosity - a sundial. In general, everything in Shcherbinka was designed for frequent receptions of numerous guests. In the summer, dachas were rented out to Moscow summer residents, and very often there were French among them.
In the 1870s, the Moscow-Kursk railway ran past the village, but at first there was no station, there was only a barracks for track workers. If a landowner was traveling by train to his estate, he asked the driver to stop near the barracks. Then, in 1890, Sushkin obtained from the road owners the establishment of a permanent stopping point, which was called the Shcherbinka Platform. This enterprise also owes its success to the efforts of Baskakov, whose woolen factory already stood on the Desna, three miles from the railway track.
The new railway station was separated from the estate by peasant fields, and Sushkin had to buy a strip of land from them, and build a highway on it, lined with trees and bushes along the sides, with benches for rest between them. This new road was intended exclusively for the use of the landowner and his guests, so lockable barriers were installed at the beginning and end of the road. In 1912, the peasant community submitted a request to Sushkin to transfer this road to the zemstvo, since it was also necessary for the peasants, to which Sushkin did not agree, and blocked the road with another intermediate barrier.
To the south, the estate was adjacent to the lands of a church belonging to the large village of Zakharyino, in which there was a parish school. At the end of the 19th century, a small handicraft production of bricks was established on the fatty clay lands of Zakharya. In 1900, this factory was acquired by the Singer company, which was planning to build its own enterprise in Podolsk. After Singer fulfilled his plans, the brick factory in Shcherbinka passed into the hands of a small entrepreneur, V.V. Belousov. The new owner partially updated the equipment and slightly expanded production. Next to the enterprise building there were barracks in which workers lived and a small one-story house, part of which was occupied by Belousov himself, and part of which was allocated for an office. A road also departed from the railway platform, which led to the ancient villages of Nikolskoye and Ostafiev. In the same places, the Baryshi estate was located, which belonged to the landowner Druzhinin.
By 1917, in the village of Shcherbinka there were only 17 households. It was a small village that was not even shown on the maps of that time. Only the Shcherbinka railway platform and buildings for the accommodation of railway employees were noted on them. Subsequently, the situation developed in such a way that it was the railway workers who became the main residents of the future settlement into which the village turned. The workers asked the authorities to transfer to them part of the nationalized church territories of the Zakharya parish. The request was granted, and the railway workers received the Popovaya Grove site at their disposal. A prerequisite was the cutting down and clearing of this land. Enterprises and estates located in the surrounding area were also nationalized, and an experimental demonstration farm for breeding productive Kholmogory cattle was organized on the territory of Druzhinin’s former estate. Master's house with a park. The pond and garden were given over to the recreation center of the Executive Committee of the Comintern.
In 1918, the new government took over Sushkin, who, famous for his liberal views, gave up his property with virtually no objections. Although, perhaps he simply understood the futility of arguing. Be that as it may, a few days later the Sushkin couple left their estate forever. In 1920, a collective farm was organized here, but within a short period of time the farm fell into complete decline. Sushkin’s house burned down, the park and tennis courts were destroyed, the old pond became overgrown and silted up. Only after agronomist P.A. was appointed director of the state farm. Kvitkovsky, the farm was revived. Then the former estate became the property of the First State Stud Farm named after S. Kamenev, and already in the thirties the Pervomaisk labor colony of the NKVD Gulag was located here.
In 1928, next to the old plant in Shcherbinka, they began to build a new large brick plant of the Raipromkombinat. A large number of workers who arrived to build the enterprise founded a workers' town consisting of eight barracks and two two-story houses. In 1930, the Experimental Ring of the Central Research Institute of NKPS began to be built near the railway platform, and in 1938 the Shcherbinsky Stamping and Mechanical Plant began operating. These three enterprises became the main ones. Which formed the working village of Shcherbinka. After work began on the electrification of the Moscow-Podolsk railway in 1937, a large developer appeared in these places, and a number of two-story residential buildings for bridge workers grew up along the Serpukhovskoye Highway, making up the Mostotrest village. In the adjacent territories, land was allocated for the construction of housing for Muscovites who lost their living space during the implementation of the plan for the reconstruction of Moscow. As a result, in 1938 Shcherbinka turned into a large settlement, which was given the status of a workers' village. In 1939, a plan for the development of the young village was approved, and a few years later the districts of Novomoskovsky, Shariki, and them appeared here. Ordzhonikidze.
The village development project was very large-scale, but its implementation was prevented by the outbreak of the Great Patriotic War. In the autumn of 1941, fascist German troops came almost close to Podolsk, and the front line ran through the lands of Shcherbinka. The brick factory was inactive until 1943, and the stamping plant began producing products intended for the front. Military actions, as well as a lack of fuel, led to significant deforestation in this area. Only Baryshi and Lipki suffered relatively little damage.
After the end of the war, construction in the village resumed with renewed vigor. In the post-war years, the center of the village was built up with comfortable houses of 3-4 floors, a House of Culture appeared on the main square, etc. The enterprise that was the main financier of local construction was the Refractory Plant, thanks to whose activities many cultural and medical institutions, shops and other things appeared in Shcherbinka. The next wave of construction began in Shcherbinka in the 50s of the last century. Then even one five-story building appeared in the village, as well as many elements of communal infrastructure. Railway workers continued to make an important contribution to the development of the village. In addition, at the same time the construction of a Moscow police station began. The construction and improvement of Shcherbinka acquired its greatest scope in 1957. In 1975, the village acquired the status of a city, and in 1992 it became a city of regional subordination. In 2012, during the implementation of a project to expand the borders of Moscow, Shcherbinka entered the city limits.
Historical reference:
1870 - the Moscow-Kursk railway ran past the village of Shcherbinka 1890 - the Shcherbinka platform was opened 1917 - in the village of Shcherbinka there were only 17 households 1928 - next to the old plant in Shcherbinka they began to build a new large brick factory of the Raipromkombinat 1930 - they began to build the Experimental Ring of the Central Research Institute of NKPS at the railway platform 1938 - the Shcherbinsky stamping and mechanical plant began work 1938 - Shcherbinka was given the status of a workers' village 1941 - fascist German troops almost came close to Podolsk, and the front line lay through the lands of Shcherbinka period 1975 - the village acquired the status of a city 1992 - the village of Shcherbinka became a city of regional subordination 2012 - during the implementation of the project to expand the borders of Moscow, Shcherbinka entered the city limits
Reconstruction of Warsaw Highway
It’s probably impossible to find a driver in Moscow who hasn’t gotten stuck in a traffic jam on Varshavskoe Highway. Especially outside the Moscow Ring Road. The highway was in need of renovation for many years: in the Shcherbinka area the road had only two lanes in each direction, there were many traffic lights that slowed down traffic and created congestion.
In 2022, the reconstruction of the Warsaw Highway, the part located outside the Moscow Ring Road, was completed. Now it is a full-fledged expressway with backups, overpasses and tunnels.
As a result, an eight-kilometer section appeared in the Shcherbinka area with no traffic lights. Congestion during peak hours has disappeared in this area. Transport accessibility has improved for Shcherbinka, as well as Southern and Northern Butovo.
The situation was also influenced by a new overpass with exits to Marshal Savitsky Street and the alternate to the Warsaw Highway. Its length is 606 meters. The overpass made it possible to redistribute traffic flows between the Warsaw Highway and its backup. Now residents of Shcherbinka can easily leave their area along 40 Let Oktyabrya Street.
Pedestrian crossings were built on the Warsaw Highway in the Shcherbinka area, making the highway safer. And due to the installation of 606 meters of noise barriers, it is even quieter.
Recommendations
Notes
- ^ a b c
On the territorial division of the city of Moscow (amendments have been made) (in Russian). Moscow City Duma. Archived from the original July 29, 2012. Retrieved July 8, 2012. - ^ a b
Federal State Statistics Service of Russia (2011).
“All-Russian Population Census 2010. Volume 1" [All-Russian Population Census 2010, vol. 1]. All-Russian Population Census 2010 [All-Russian Population Census 2010]
(in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. - "26. The size of the permanent population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2022.” Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved January 23, 2022.
- "On the calculation of time." Official Internet portal of legal information
(in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2022. - Post office. Information and computing center of OASU RPO. ( Post office
).
Search for postal facilities ( Search for postal facilities
) (in Russian) - Federal State Statistics Service of Russia (May 21, 2004). > [Population of Russia, its federal districts, federal subjects, districts, urban settlements, rural settlements - administrative centers, rural settlements with a population of more than 3000 people] (XLS). All-Russian Population Census of 2002 [All-Russian Population Census of 2002]
(in Russian). - “All-Union Population Census of 1989. The actual population of the union and autonomous republics, autonomous regions and districts, territories, regions, urban settlements and villages. On the administrative-territorial structure of the Moscow region.” Came into force on the date of official publication. Published: “Podmoskovnye Izvestia”, No. 20, February 1, 2001 (Moscow Regional Duma. Law No. 12/2001-OZ of January 17, 2001 On the administrative-territorial structure of the Moscow Region
As amended by Law No. 105 of July 17, 2012) 2012-OZ.
On amendments to the Law of the Moscow Region “On the administrative-territorial structure of the Moscow Region”.
Valid from the date of official publication.). - Moscow Regional Duma. Law No. 54 / 2005-OZ of February 25, 2005 “On the status and border of the Shcherbinka urban district,” as amended. Law No. 92 / 2011-OZ of June 24, 2011 “On amendments to the Law of the Moscow Region “On the status and border of the Shcherbinka urban district””. Came into force on the date of official publication. Published: “Daily News. Moscow Region”, No. 40–41, March 5, 2005 (Moscow Regional Duma. Law No. 54/2005-OZ of February 25, 2005. On the status and border of the Shcherbinka urban district
As amended by Law No. 92/2011- dated June 24, 2011 OZ.
On amendments to the Law of the Moscow Region "On the status and border of the Shcherbinka urban district"
. Valid from the date of official publication.).
New overpass
Just a few years ago there was a constant traffic jam at the crossing near the Shcherbinka railway platform. Due to the busy train schedule during peak hours, the crossing was closed about 70 percent of the time. Train traffic in the Kursk direction of the Moscow Railway is very active; you could stand at the crossing for an hour and a half.
But in 2022 the situation was resolved. A new road overpass - a two-lane overpass - was launched here. As a result, the throughput on this section increased more than eightfold - from 200 to 1,650 cars per hour.
For the convenience of residents, the streets adjacent to the overpass were reconstructed - 40 Let Oktyabrya, Zheleznodorozhnaya, Novostroevskaya, Staronikolskaya, and in nearby buildings 145 window blocks were replaced with noise-proof ones.
Clinic and kindergartens
Shcherbinka is growing and developing, and the first indicator of this is what exactly is being built here. We are talking about kindergartens and healthcare facilities.
Since 2012, two modern spacious three-story kindergartens with 140 and 150 seats have appeared in the town of Baryshi. They are building and promise to commission two more by the end of 2019 - for 280 seats on Sportivnaya Street and for 120 seats on Industrialnaya Street.
By the end of the year, a new clinic will open its doors in Shcherbinka - doctors will be able to see up to 750 patients in one shift. The building has bright, spacious rooms, high-tech equipment and comfort for patients: both children and adults will be treated here.
The new building of varying number of floors (from five to seven floors) on the territory of the city hospital will house a antenatal clinic with a small operating room and an adult emergency department on the first floor, and a radiology department on the second. Above there will be consultation departments, physiotherapy rooms and hospitals.
Source
Moscow registration outside the Moscow Ring Road: New Moscow, part 2, Shcherbinka
In this editorial project we continue to write about how to buy an apartment in Moscow and the Moscow region. Our author offers his experience of searching for inexpensive real estate outside the Moscow Ring Road, the pros and cons of living in cities near Moscow, as well as in “New Moscow”. You can read what the author liked or didn’t like about the Moscow region by following the links: Pushkino, Korolev, Mytishchi, Balashikha, Reutov, Lyubertsy, Podolsk, Domodedovo, Odintsovo, Krasnogorsk, Lobnya, Khimki. In “New Moscow”: Troitsk, Moskovsky, Kokoshkino, villages of New Moscow.
Convenient location
If you look at a map of Moscow, the Shcherbinka urban district will be exactly below it, in the south, 6 km from the Moscow Ring Road. The closest neighbors are Podolsk near Moscow, located 10 kilometers away, and Troitsk (17 kilometers away), which is part of the capital.
There are currently 54 thousand people living in Shcherbinka; they love it for its developed infrastructure and cleanliness. You can get from the center to the city district along the Warsaw and Simferopol highways. The latter is especially praised for its low workload. Although, Shcherbinka, with the arrival of “Greater Moscow” on its lands, began to actively build and develop, which means that traffic jams are inevitable here over time.
The world's first train testing ground
Shcherbinka is known throughout the world as a city where elevators are produced and trains are tested. The largest of the enterprises are: Shcherbinsky elevator building plant, electrofused refractory plant, 99th aviation technological equipment plant, PKO Monolit and others.
If you, again, look at the map of Shcherbinka, you will see a railway ring to the left of the station. This 6-kilometer-long complex testing ground for trains was built back in 1932. Until 1960, our test site was the only one in the world.
Village in a ring
The most interesting thing is that inside this test site there is the village of Novokuryanovo, which is part of South Butovo, and, accordingly, Moscow. About a hundred village houses and a slightly larger number of people live, as if under siege, in a ring along which trains run day and night. There are no minibuses going here, the nearest store is at least half an hour on foot, and the only road goes through a tunnel (the testing site is located on an embankment). Moscow, sometimes it’s so Moscow!
Ecology
Despite the large industrial enterprises of Shcherbinka, the district, unlike its neighbor Podolsk, is one of the territories that are considered consistently environmentally friendly. However, we must not forget about the Shcherbinka landfill, which has a special site for radioactive waste from the Podolsk plant and two industrial enterprises that pollute the atmosphere: a brick and stamping-mechanical plant.
Moscow central diameters
The second line MDC-2 runs through Shcherbinka, which took on some of the passengers and significantly increased the cost of housing in the district. Judge for yourself how convenient it is: from Shcherbinka to Kursky Station it takes 51 minutes by train, but residents of the district, of course, change trains much earlier, reaching Tsaritsyno in 18 minutes, where there is a metro station of the same name. From the MCD-2 line you can transfer to several more metro stations: Tekstilshchiki, Novokhokhlovskaya, Ploshchad Ilyicha, Kurskaya, Komsomolskaya and Rizhskaya.
Shcherbinka urban district
The name Shcherbinka comes from the surname of the first owner - a patrimonial owner from the family of princes Shcherbaty, known since the 15th century. Since 1672, the residents of Shcherbinka became parishioners of the newly built Church of the Sign of the Blessed Virgin Mary in the village of Zakharyin. The descriptions and maps of the General Land Survey of the Moscow District in 1766-1767 indicate: “Shcherbinkino, a village in the Moscow District of Ratuev Stan, the possession of the late Prince Nikolai Alekseevich Shakhovsky, now owned by his sister Agrafena, the wife of Lieutenant General Leonty Mikhailovich Karabanov. Mezhevaya October 19, 1766.”
General A. A. Karabanova allocated from her lands at the same time for eternal use to the clergy of the Znamensky Church a plot of arable land measuring 14 dessiatinas (15.18 hectares) along the left bank of the Lopenka River. Nowadays this land is under construction in the urban district of Shcherbinki in its Central and Northern parts (Yubileinaya, Vysotnaya, Pochtovaya, Vishnevaya streets).
Almost a century later, in 1858, by order of the landowner, Lieutenant E.V. Krotkova, the surviving plan of the Shcherbinka estate was drawn up, which repeated the drawings of 1766, additionally depicting the Warsaw Highway laid through the lands of the estate in 1845, which greatly changed the life of the area.
In 1861, the peasants of Shcherbinka received plots of land at the rate of one dessiatine per capita, and a total of 85 dessiatines. These peasant tithes formed the basis of the lands of present-day Shcherbinka.
In the early 1860s, after the peasant reform, the estate went to the wealthy moneylender N. O. Sushkin, who made it a comfortable and profitable place.
The master's part of the estate was remodeled. The residential center was moved from the Serpukhovskaya road deep into the site, behind a pond, where two residential buildings with services, five dachas were built, a cultural park was laid out on an area of one hectare, a pond was cleared, a swimming pool and a bathhouse were built, and closer to the forest a large Orchard. The entrance to the estate was formally decorated: wide iron gates led to the poplar alley to the manor house, and above the gate there was an inscription: “Welcome.” There was a new feature at the gate - a sundial, everything was designed for large receptions of frequent guests. The dachas were rented out for the summer to Moscow summer residents, among whom the French were regulars.
From the south, the estate bordered on the lands of the church in the village of Zakharyina, which were located to the west of the railway, filling the entire space between the railway and the highway. It was on the Zakharyinsky lands, on red clays, that Sushkin established handicraft brick production at the end of the 19th century.
In the 1870s, a railway was built from Moscow to Kursk, but at first there was no stopping point in the area of the village of Shcherbinki, there was only a track barracks for the railway workers. When a landowner was passing from Moscow, at his request, the train was stopped at this barracks. But already in 1890, Sushkin obtained from the owners of the road the establishment of a permanent stopping point called “Platform Shcherbinka”, named after the village located a mile from the road. The establishment of the platform was also helped by the simultaneous efforts of Baskakov, whose woolen factory was already operating on the Desna River, three miles from the railway.
On March 20, 1895, Sushkin entered into an agreement with the road management for the maintenance of this stop with a monthly contribution of 125 rubles. Since 1904, Shcherbinka station has been supported by a road.
The station was separated from the estate by peasant fields. Sushkin bought a strip of land from the peasants from the estate to the platform and built a highway on it in the European style, decorating it along the edge with planting trees and shrubs, installing garden benches for relaxation (now 40 Let Oktyabrya Street lies on its remains). But the constructed road was for the individual use of the owner and his guests, to ensure this, lockable barriers were placed at the beginning and end of the road.
In 1912, the peasant community turned to Sushkin with a request to transfer this very necessary road to the zemstvo, but the principled owner refused the transfer, installing another intermediate barrier in response.
Before the revolution, the estate had one hundred acres of arable land and two hundred acres of forest land. There was, in addition to small livestock and poultry, a herd of sixty head of cattle and twenty head of horse park.
In 1918, the nationalization of the property of Sushkin’s heir began.
In 1920, a state farm was organized on the estate; at first, the farm fell into almost complete decline. The Sushkinsky house burned down, the park with tennis courts and paths sprinkled with yellow sand was destroyed, the sundial also disappeared, and the pond silted up. Somewhat later, agronomist P.A. Kvitkovsky was appointed manager of the state farm, and managed to restore the farm, trying to return it to its former productivity. Even later, the farm was transferred to the First State Stud Farm named after S. Kamenev, and then, in the 1930s, it came under the control of the Pervomaisk labor colony of the Gulag NKVD.
Shcherbinka village
The first settlement on the site of the modern village of Shcherbinka has been known since the 14th century. The life of peasants for many centuries was not much different from others; they sowed wheat, fished in ponds, harvested timber...
In the second half of the 19th century, the government laid a railway through these places, and in 1895 the Shcherbinka station of the Kursk Railway was opened. After the October Revolution of 1917, life for peasants worsened; forced collectivization began in the late 1920s, and some families were deported to remote areas of the North and Siberia. By the 1940s, the village had a good power supply and an access road from the Simferopol (Warsaw) highway.
In the first days of the Great Patriotic War, 15 village residents were drafted to the front. In the 1980s, with the help of local residents, a memorial monument to the village residents was erected in the village.
Village. Shcherbinka city
In the 1930s, not far from the village of Shcherbinki, Podolsk region, the village of Shcherbinka began to be actively built up[7]. The Shcherbinsky Stamping and Mechanical Plant (1932) and the “Raipromkombinat Brick Plant”, the Moscow Experimental Elevator Construction Plant of the Soyuzlift Trust of the Ministry of Construction, Road and Municipal Engineering (1955) appeared in the village. In 1938, Shcherbinka officially received the status of a village.
In the first days of the Great Patriotic War, many residents of the village of Shcherbinka went to the front (about half of the male population). Already in July-August 1941, three aerial bombs fell near the village of Shcherbinka. By November 1941, when Army Group Center was approaching the borders of Moscow, it was decided to cut down part of the forest to build a protective strip.
Shcherbinka has had the status of a city of regional subordination since 1975[8], a city of regional subordination - since 1992[9]. In 1988, part of the city of Shcherbinka east of 29 km of the old Simferopol highway was included in Moscow (Shcherbinka microdistrict in the Yuzhnoye Butovo district). In 2004, the settlement of the Garrison “Ostafyevo” was included in the city[10]. Since 2005, a city district of the same name has been formed[4].
Since July 1, 2012, Shcherbinka has been included in Moscow as part of a large-scale expansion of its territory to the South-West. The first information about the planned annexation appeared on August 19, 2011[11][12], although initially Shcherbinka was supposed to remain in the Moscow region[13].
